136 research outputs found
Human Service Students\u27 and Professionals\u27 Knowledge and Experiences of Interprofessionalism: Implications for Education
Interprofessionalism is an approach to delivering optimal client care in which providers from multiple professions work collaboratively on care teams. Human Service Professionals (HSPs) are generalists who frequently work together with professionals in related fields. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which HSPs and helping professionals in related fields have engaged in interprofessional experiences. Researchers also investigated the impact that having previous interprofessional experiences had on participants\u27 perceptions of interprofessionalism. Results revealed that professionals and students who had previous interprofessional experiences were significantly more likely to have positive perceptions about interprofessional cooperation. However, results also indicated that only a small proportion of HSPs and mental health professionals in related fields reported engaging in interprofessional experiences. Suggestions for how educators can infuse interprofessionalism into the curriculum for human services and related programs are provided
Nanoscopic surface inspection by analyzing the linear polarization degree of the scattered light
We present an optical method for the nanoscopic inspection of surfaces. The method is based on the spectral and polarization analysis of the light scattered by a probe nanoparticle close to the inspected surface. We explore the sensitivity to changes either in the probe–surface distance or in the refractive index of the surface
Optical microscopy via spectral modifications of a nano-antenna
The existing optical microscopes form an image by collecting photons emitted
from an object. Here we report on the experimental realization of microscopy
without the need for direct optical communication with the sample. To achieve
this, we have scanned a single gold nanoparticle acting as a nano-antenna in
the near field of a sample and have studied the modification of its intrinsic
radiative properties by monitoring its plasmon spectrum.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures (color
Nuclear proto-oncogene products transactivate the human papillomavirus type 16 promoter.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 and 18 viral genomes are frequently detected in cervical and penile cancer biopsies. Although this strongly suggests a prominent role for HPV infection in the development of genital cancer, other genetic or environmental factors are also involved. Genital cancer is postulated to result from loss of cellular control functions, which leads to an unregulated expression of HPV oncogenic proteins. In our study, we determined the trans-activating properties of nuclear proto-oncogene proteins c-Fos, c-Jun and c-Myc on P97 enhancer/promoter activity of HPV16. Using a CAT-reporter construct containing the HPV16 enhancer/promoter element, we investigated the trans-activating effects of c-Fos, c-Jun, c-Myc, and E2 in cervical HT-3 cells. c-Fos and c-Jun overexpression resulted in a 3.3- and 3.1-fold up-regulation of CAT activity. Only 2-fold induction was determined by co-transfection with c-myc and the viral transcription factor E2. Based on these findings, we investigated the expression of HPV DNA (16 and 18) as well as nuclear proto-oncogenes (c-fos, c-jun and c-myc) in nine cervical cancers by in situ hybridisation. In six out of nine carcinomas, HPV16 and/or HPV18 DNA was detectable. All tumours showed an intense and homogeneous expression of c-fos and c-jun mRNA, while the signal for c-myc was detectable only in four specimens. These data suggest that deregulation of nuclear proto-oncogene expression may contribute to an overexpression of HPV-derived oncogenic proteins (E6 and E7), which is generally hypothesised to be an important step in the malignant transformation of HPV-associated tumours
Resolution and enhancement in nanoantenna-based fluorescence microscopy
Single gold nanoparticles can act as nanoantennas for enhancing the
fluorescence of emitters in their near-fields. Here we present experimental and
theoretical studies of scanning antenna-based fluorescence microscopy as a
function of the diameter of the gold nanoparticle. We examine the interplay
between fluorescence enhancement and spatial resolution and discuss the
requirements for deciphering single molecules in a dense sample. Resolutions
better than 20 nm and fluorescence enhancement up to 30 times are demonstrated
experimentally. By accounting for the tip shaft and the sample interface in
finite-difference time-domain calculations, we explain why the measured
fluorescence enhancements are higher in the presence of an interface than the
values predicted for a homogeneous environment.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures. accepted for publication in Nano Letter
Coupling of plasmonic nanoparticles to their environments in the context of van der Waals-Casimir interactions
We present experiments in which the interaction of a single gold nanoparticle
with glass substrates or with another gold particle can be tuned by in-situ
control of their separations using scanning probe technology. We record the
plasmon resonances of the coupled systems as a function of the polarization of
the incident field and the particle position. The distinct spectral changes of
the scattered light from the particle pair are in good agreement with the
outcome of finite difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations. We believe our
experimental technique holds promise for the investigation of the van der
Waals-Casimir type interactions between nanoscopic neutral bodies.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure
Plasmon oscillations in ellipsoid nanoparticles: beyond dipole approximation
The plasmon oscillations of a metallic triaxial ellipsoid nanoparticle have
been studied within the framework of the quasistatic approximation. A general
method has been proposed for finding the analytical expressions describing the
potential and frequencies of the plasmon oscillations of an arbitrary
multipolarity order. The analytical expressions have been derived for an
electric potential and plasmon oscillation frequencies of the first 24 modes.
Other higher orders plasmon modes are investigated numerically.Comment: 33 pages, 12 figure
Selective nanomanipulation using optical forces
We present a detailed theoretical study of the recent proposal for selective
nanomanipulation of nanometric particles above a substrate using near-field
optical forces [Chaumet {\it et al.} Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 88}, 123601 (2002)].
Evanescent light scattering at the apex of an apertureless near-field probe is
used to create an optical trap. The position of the trap is controlled on a
nanometric scale via the probe and small objects can be selectively trapped and
manipulated. We discuss the influence of the geometry of the particles and the
probe on the efficiency of the trap. We also consider the influence of multiple
scattering among the particles on the substrate and its effect on the
robustness of the trap.Comment: 12 pages, 17 figure
Efficient preparation of internally modified single-molecule constructs using nicking enzymes
Investigations of enzymes involved in DNA metabolism have strongly benefited from the establishment of single molecule techniques. These experiments frequently require elaborate DNA substrates, which carry chemical labels or nucleic acid tertiary structures. Preparing such constructs often represents a technical challenge: long modified DNA molecules are usually produced via multi-step processes, involving low efficiency intermolecular ligations of several fragments. Here, we show how long stretches of DNA (>50 bp) can be modified using nicking enzymes to produce complex DNA constructs. Multiple different chemical and structural modifications can be placed internally along DNA, in a specific and precise manner. Furthermore, the nicks created can be resealed efficiently yielding intact molecules, whose mechanical properties are preserved. Additionally, the same strategy is applied to obtain long single-strand overhangs subsequently used for efficient ligation of ss- to dsDNA molecules. This technique offers promise for a wide range of applications, in particular single-molecule experiments, where frequently multiple internal DNA modifications are required
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