A General Survey on Rushing Attack in MANETs

MANETs (Mobile Ad hoc Network) is a kind of network in which all the nodes are connected via wireless link. There is no fixed infrastructure because of which any node can join or leave the network at any point time. There is no central monitoring system. All the nodes are working as host as well as client at the same time. This makes the network vulnerable to different kind of attacks. Standard routing protocols are also not that secured to protect the network from all probable attacks. Attacker may attack the network and disrupt the network services abruptly. Some of the common attacks in MANETs are Rushing attack, Black hole attack, Sybil attack, Neighbor attack and Jellyfish attack etc. In this paper we are trying to accumulate different probabilities of getting rushing attack in MANETs. And also discuss about different counter measures to prevent as well as to detect rushing attack.Keywords:Rushing attack, MANETs, Security, Denial of Service (DoS), Security threat

A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY ON THE SKULL OF DROMEDARY CAMEL (CAMELUS DROMEDARIUS)

The present morphological study was carried out on the skull of dromedary camel. The skull of the camel was irregularly pentagonal in outline and was divided into four surfaces i.e., frontal, basal, nuchal and lateral. The frontal region of the skull was wide and orbits were present laterally. The occipital bone formed the entire nuchal surface of the skull. A rough transverse ridge separated the parietal and nuchal surfaces. The mastoid foramen was very large and situated in a deep fossa in the occipital bone. The cornual processes or horn cores were absent. At the rostro-lateral margin of the orbit, a deep fissure, the supraorbital foramen was observed. The maxillary tuberosity and facial crest were absent. The infraorbital foramen was present in the maxilla bone just above the level of a second superior premolar tooth. The premaxilla bone had a narrow, pointed body that was dorso-medially concave. The nasal bones were notched rostromedial. The mandible was long, narrow and dorsomedially concave. The vertical ramus of the mandible was thin and convex caudally with a thick and wide rostral border and less pronounced angles. The coronoid process was almost straight with a slightly pointed end caudally. The condyloid process was large and presented extensive articular surfaces on its lateral surface, which were convex. A shallow mandibular notch was present between the condyloid and coronoid processes. The mandibular foramen was present in the middle of the medial surface of the mandible

AN ETHNOBOTANICAL SURVEY OF ANTI-MALARIAL PLANTS IN SOME HIGHLY MALARIA AFFECTED DISTRICTS OF ASSAM

Objective: An ethnobotanical survey of potent anti-malarial plants used by different tribes and communities of highly malaria affected seven districts of Assam, India.Methods: Personal discussions and group interviews were held with the traditional practitioners. Samples were collected and authentically identified. Detailed ethno knowledge on the plant parts used and mode of administration of the plant extracts was documented. Literature survey was carried out on identified plant species and analyzed for their medicinal importance.Results: A total of 22 plant species belonging to 20 botanical families were collected and identified from different locations of seven districts of Assam. Different plant parts such as leaves, root, flower, bark etc. were found to process through different basic methods (infusion, decoction, direct mechanical crushing and maceration) for extracting the anti-malarial crude phytochemicals by the traditional healers. Extensive literature on the broad spectrum medicinal values other than anti-malarial activity of the plant species suggested a strong scientific background of selecting those particular plants species by the traditional practitioners.Conclusion: Indigenous plant species with strong claim of the natural source of anti-malarial moieties were identified in the present ethno-botanical survey. All the 22 plant species investigated could be a potential source of new antimalarial therapies.Â

CAAC‐Based Thiele and Schlenk Hydrocarbons

Diradicals have been of tremendous interest for over a century ever since the first reports of p ‐ and m ‐phenylene‐bridged diphenylmethylradicals in 1904 by Thiele and 1915 by Schlenk. Reported here are the first examples of cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) analogues of Thiele's hydrocarbon, a Kekulé diradical, and Schlenk's hydrocarbon, a non‐Kekulé diradical, without using CAAC as a precursor. The CAAC analogue of Thiele's hydrocarbon has a singlet ground state, whereas the CAAC analogue of Schlenk's hydrocarbon contains two unpaired electrons. The latter forms a dimer, by an intermolecular double head‐to‐tail dimerization. This straightforward synthetic methodology is modular and can be extended for the generation of redox‐active organic compounds

Double-walled carbon nanotubes-incorporated donor–acceptor-type organic photovoltaic devices using poly(3-octylthiophene) and C60

Donor–acceptor-type photovoltaic devices with a heterojunction between regioregular poly(3-octylthiophene) (P3OT) and C60 are fabricated with and without the addition of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNs) in the polymer layer. Incorporation of DWCNs in the polymer layer improves the performance of the device by many folds, which is attributable to improved exciton dissociation and better charge transport leading to the suppression of charge carrier recombination. We report an opencircuit voltage, short-circuit current density, fill factor and conversion efficiency (%) of approximately 0.37 V, 0.014 mA/cm2,0.22 and 0.001%, respectively, for an unoptimized device incorporating DWCNs

Evaluate the Efficacy of Kshara Basti and Sunthi-Guduchi Churna in Amavata (Rheumatoid Arthritis)- A Clinical Study

Amavata is a Rasa Pradosaja Vikara with two major pathogenic factors Ama and Vata, which mainly affect Sandhi followed by Asthi and Majja. The symptoms of Amavata are identical to Rheumatoid Arthritis, a chronic inflammatory polyarthritis affecting multiple systems. The symptoms of Amavata are identical to rheumatism, which include rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatic fever. It is observed that rheumatism is an autoimmune disorder, which is among the collagen disorders having strong and significant parlance with Amavata. Various drug trials were already carried out on Amavata, yet there is a lacuna in the management of Amavata. Hence, in the present clinical study, 100 patients were selected for Open Random trial and applied Kshara basti followed by oral Sunthi- Guduchi churna for 2 month for the management of Amavata. In disease active stage of Amavata synovial stromal-immune cell interactions lead to reciprocal metabolic changes that again potentiate the inflammatory response. Here we can understand the metabolic and cellular pathology during active stage of disease. Hence, metabolic reprogramming could represent a new therapeutic strategy for patients with RA, where our Basti therapy followed by Rasayana must have a great role. For the study collected data was distributed according to age, sex and Prakruti, and a paired t-test was applied for the clinical assessment of the subjective and objective parameters of Kshara basti followed by Sunthi guduchi churna in Amavata management and it has shown significant reduction in the Sandhi shool according to VAS scale (t >23.42 at the 0.001% level), Sandhi sotha (t >24.35 , at the 0.001% level), Sandhi Stabdhata (t >20.58 at the 0.001% level), CDAI score (t >27.11 at the 0.001% level ) ANA score (t >53.23, at the 0.001% level), and for 1st 15 days ESR changes is not significant at t <1.00 but after completion of treatment significant results was observed. By analysing statistical data with paired t test it reveals that 58% had major improvement followed by 37% had minor improvement and 5% of patients who had no improvement

<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">Illicium</span></i><span style="mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"> <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">griffithii </i>Hook. f. & Thoms<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">.</i>-A potential source of <span style="mso-bidi-font-style:italic" lang="EN-GB">natural off-farm income to the rural people <span style="mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">of Arunachal Himalaya, India </span></span></span>

131-137In the high altitude region of Arunachal Himalaya, hilly and undulating terrains have resulted into low agricultural crops production although majority of the local residents are highly dependent on the agriculture for their subsistence. Moreover, sources of income are scarce and peoples mainly depend on forest and forest products. Therefore, wild plant and animal species form an important component of livelihood of rural people in many parts. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal">Illicium griffithii<span style="font-size:15.0pt;letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language: EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold" lang="EN-GB"> <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN;mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Hook.f. & Thoms. one of the significant aromatic and medicinal tree species occurring in subtropical to temperate forest of Arunachal Himalaya. However, the species is growing in selected forest patches to a few locations. <span style="mso-bidi-font-style: italic">Dried seed pods are economically valuable having good market potential for spices and pharmaceutical purposes. Fruit is considered to be carminative, aromatic stimulant, <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">stomachic and <span style="mso-bidi-font-family:Mangal;letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;font-style:normal" lang="EN-GB">galactagogue. It is used as medicine to cure <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">abdominal pain, cough, <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt; mso-ansi-language:EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">dyspepsia, food poisoning, vomiting, toothache and sinusitis. It is also <span style="letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language: EN-IN;mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">used as an antifungal agent and food preservative. Owing to its high demand, local inhabitants harvest large quantity of fruits every year. Collected seeds are sold in local market at the rate from 120 to 150/kg which mainly depends on the market demand. Fruits may also be a potential source of shikimic acid for the production of Tami flu (<span style="letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN">oseltamivir),<span style="font-family:TimesNewRoman; mso-bidi-font-family:TimesNewRoman;letter-spacing:.1pt;mso-ansi-language:EN-IN; mso-fareast-language:EN-IN"> an active drug against avian influenza or bird flu. Further investigations on its chemical aspects are required to meet the needs of shikimic acid for the country as well as global market. This is an important source of natural off-farm income to the rural people of the West Kameng district of Arunachal Pradesh where the present study was undertaken. Keeping economic values in consideration, I. griffithii has the tremendous potential to reduce the poverty and will also provide employment opportunity to the rural inhabitants through bio-prospecting of the species which will contribute towards the socio-economic development of the rural people of Arunachal Himalaya. </span

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Not AvailableRole of ICT Interventions in Promotion of Horticultural Crops in Arunachal PradeshNot AvailablePromotion of Horticultural CropsArunachal Prades