7 research outputs found

    Transposição e hidrelétricas: o desconhecido Vale do Ribeira (PR-SP)

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    The image of the Ribeira do Iguape basin is usually linked to environment protection, to the natural caverns and to the traditional people communities ("quilombolas", from the ancient slaves, the native Indians, the fishermen). We draw here another diagnosis, lightening up important geo-economic issues, as the mining fields, the plantations and the hydraulic works. The main river has not yet been dammed for hydro - power plants, located in its tributaries, featuring an amount of 540 Megawatt capacity. The more impressive one, named Capivari - Cachoeira system, built forty years ago, is based on a flow derivation from the high Ribeira basin to the coastline of the Paraná state. Its consequences are negative down stream until the rivers Pardo and Ribeira, in the Sao Paulo State; and in the other side, it also affects far away the Antonina Bay. As these damages were not recognized during the licensing process of this power plant. We launch an alert about the environment degradation of this region, in the case if some other hydroelectric projects would achieve in the future.A Bacia do Rio Ribeira do Iguape, com sua imagem usualmente associada à preservação ambiental, às cavernas, ao extrativismo e aos povos tradicionais (quilombolas, índios, pescadores), é aqui reapresentada, descrevendo importantes áreas geoeconômicas da mineração, das monoculturas comerciais e das obras hidráulicas. O rio principal ainda não foi barrado por usinas hidrelétricas, que estão instaladas nos afluentes e somam uma capacidade elétrica de 540 megawatts. A maior delas, o sistema Capivari-Cachoeira, construído há quarenta anos, é baseada numa transposição de vazões entre a Bacia do Alto Ribeira e o litoral paranaense, com fortes consequências ambientais negativas no trecho paulista do Rio Pardo e do Ribeira, e na Baía de Antonina, não reconhecidas no licenciamento ambiental da usina. É previsível o agravamento da situação ambiental da região, caso se concretizem no futuro outras hidrelétricas previstas para a Bacia do Ribeira do Iguape

    River diversion and hydropower plants: The unknown Ribeira Valley (states of Paraná and São Paulo)

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    The image of the Ribeira do Iguape basin is usually linked to environment protection, to the natural caverns and to the traditional people communities (quilombolas, from the ancient slaves, the native Indians, the fishermen). We draw here another diagnosis, lightening up important geo-economic issues, as the mining fields, the plantations and the hydraulic works. The main river has not yet been dammed for hydro - power plants, located in its tributaries, featuring an amount of 540 Megawatt capacity. The more impressive one, named Capivari - Cachoeira system, built forty years ago, is based on a flow derivation from the high Ribeira basin to the coastline of the Paraná state. Its consequences are negative down stream until the rivers Pardo and Ribeira, in the Sao Paulo State; and in the other side, it also affects far away the Antonina Bay. As these damages were not recognized during the licensing process of this power plant. We launch an alert about the environment degradation of this region, in the case if some other hydroelectric projects would achieve in the future.A Bacia do Rio Ribeira do Iguape, com sua imagem usualmente associada à preservação ambiental, às cavernas, ao extrativismo e aos povos tradicionais (quilombolas, índios, pescadores), é aqui reapresentada, descrevendo importantes áreas geoeconômicas da mineração, das monoculturas comerciais e das obras hidráulicas. O rio principal ainda não foi barrado por usinas hidrelétricas, que estão instaladas nos afluentes e somam uma capacidade elétrica de 540 megawatts. A maior delas, o sistema Capivari-Cachoeira, construído há quarenta anos, é baseada numa transposição de vazões entre a Bacia do Alto Ribeira e o litoral paranaense, com fortes consequências ambientais negativas no trecho paulista do Rio Pardo e do Ribeira, e na Baía de Antonina, não reconhecidas no licenciamento ambiental da usina. É previsível o agravamento da situação ambiental da região, caso se concretizem no futuro outras hidrelétricas previstas para a Bacia do Ribeira do Iguape.26928

    As instalações e os fluxos dos combustiveis, da eletricidade e das principais industrias no Parana : dimensões, mapeamentos e problemas ambientais

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    Orientador : Arsenio Oswaldo Seva FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia MecanicaResumo: Esta dissertação, feita na área de Planejamento Energético, teve o objetivo de ampliar a compreensão tecnológica e geográfica do panorama produtivo e ambiental do Estado do Paraná. Conforme a revisão teórica feita a partir de autores brasileiros e estrangeiros que estudam as relações entre Energia, Sociedade e Meio Ambiente, procuramos estabelecer as posições geográficas e regionais, e as dimensões das infra-estruturas de produção local e de processamento de combustíveis fósseis (carvão mineral, xisto, gás natural em terra e petróleo em alto-mar), além dos seus fluxos de importação (petróleo cru, processado na refinaria de Araucária, coque de petróleo e o gás natural através do GASBOL); e também dos combustíveis da biomassa (álcool e bagaço, resíduos de madeira e lixívia). Registramos os principais riscos destas atividades e alguns dos episódios de acidentes e de poluição. De forma similar, foram sistematizadas as características das usinas hidrelétricas, de grande, de médio e de pequeno porte no Estado, e foram detalhados alguns problemas de grande repercussão durante a época das obras, em Itaipu e nos rios Iguaçu e Paranapanema; da mesma forma, as usinas termelétricas, uma a carvão e outra a gás. Foram enfatizadas as atividades mais expressivas de transformação industrial, relacionando-as com os principais insumos utilizados, ou seja, os recursos minerais e vegetais, a água, os combustíveis, a eletricidade: as indústrias baseadas na mineração (argila para cerâmica, e calcário para as duas fábricas de cimento), e na exploração florestal (eucaliptais e pinheirais para celulose e papel), além de alguns casos de outros setores com suas respectivas implicações ambientais, com um maior detalhamento da Região Metropolitana de Curitiba. Foi também avaliada a evolução dos números de oferta e consumo de energia no Paraná durante a década de 1990, e feitas propostas de pesquisa e de ação para as várias instâncias envolvidasAbstract: This report, related to the Energy Planning graduate studies, aimed to improve technological and geographical understanding of the productive and environmental overview of Paraná state. According to a theoretical revision based on Brazilian and foreigner authors who study the relationships among Energy, Society and Environment, we sought to establish the dimensions of local outputs and processing facilities and their geographical and regional frameworks: 1) for the fossil fuels (coal, shale and on shore natural gas and off shore oil); 2) for the imports flows (crude oil, processed in Araucária refinery, oil coke, and natural gas from GASBOL); 3) and for the biomass fuels (alcohol and sugar cane residues, wood residues and leach). We remarked the main risks of these energy plants and networks, some cases of accidents and pollution. Similarly, the caracteristics of large, medium and small size hydroelectric power plants have been quoted, as well as some problems that caused much echo during the construction phase of dams on Itaipu, Iguaçu and Paranapanema rivers; the same for two thermoelectric power plants, one coal fired and another gas fired. The most expressive businesses of industrial transformation have been remarked, also their main inputs, namely mineral and biomass raw materials, water, fuels, electricity: mineral processing industries (c1ay for bakeries and calcium ores for two cement factories). Forestry (eucalyptus and pine woods for cellulose and paper mills); some cases of other industries with their respective environmental implications; and were studied moreover around the state capital and the Curitiba Metropolitan Region. The 1990 decade figures and trends for energy flows in Paraná state has been evaluated . The report ends featuring research and action proposalsMestradoMestre em Planejamento de Sistemas Energético

    Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

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    In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
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