366 research outputs found
Energy efficiency of world's leading copper producers
This paper provides an overview of the leading role that energy efficiency plays in the development of modern socio-economic systems, which serve as the foundation for building green economies. The main purpose of the paper is to develop a methodological toolkit for assessing energy efficiency of large industrial complexes and test it on the world's largest metallurgical complexes. The central object of the research is the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company (UMMC), which mainly specializes in the production of copper and copper-based products. The study follows a comparative analysis of a set of preliminary selected energy efficiency indicators obtained from UMMC with those of the world's leading copper manufacturers and copper-based products. At the same time, in accordance with the methodical approach, it is proposed to divide the energy efficiency indicators of an industrial complex into three levels: the level of an industrial complex as a whole (1); the level of certain types of products manufactured in the industrial complex (2); the level of the technological process (3). To obtain summarized (synthetic) energy efficiency estimates of the industrial complex, the hierarchy analysis method has been proposed. For the comparative analysis of energy efficiency indicators of UMMC, the authors chose the following companies: Norilsk Nickel and Russian Copper Company and leading world companies, such as Glencore Xstrata Plc (Switzerland), Codelco (Chile), KGHM Polska Miedz SA (Poland), and Vedanta Resources (India). The obtained results revealed that UMMC strongly lags behind in a number of key energy efficiency indicators. During 2010-2016, a negative trend was observed in the majority of UMMC enterprises. The results also showed the practical applicability of the given methodical approach and the possibility of its wide use in solving energy efficiency problems of Russian industrial complexes for their strategic development. Β© 2020 WIT Press, www.witpress.co
Optimisation model for industrial complex competitiveness: A path to sustainable innovation process
Business entities of all forms and origin face the necessity to foster new management approaches in order to promote its excellence. Sustainability is a key issue for organisations nowadays as they increasingly acknowledge that their practices have social and/or environmental consequences. Multi-stakeholder systems such as industrial complexes/clusters seek to raise competitiveness by integrating new innovative business models and appropriate responsibility in various fields of operations. These managerial technologies require a novel outlook at the optimisation model of the numerous competitive forces and its evaluation. In light of this, it is imperative that new methodologies and frameworks to facilitate the understanding of sustainability concepts in the business environment are to be developed as innovation approach. The framework suggested in the paper helps to outline guidelines on evaluating the nature and process of innovative and sustainable competitive strategy considering many indicators influencing industrial complexes and its environment. Copyright Β© 2016 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd
Large machine-building cluster competitiveness assessment
The authors show modern problems of the development and competitiveness of the Russian economy within the framework of the implementation of the resource model of economic development under conditions of an adverse external environment. The necessity of transition to an innovative model is justified that should result in a significant increase of the competitiveness of domestic hi-tech industries. Analysis is performed of existing approaches to assessing the competitiveness of enterprises and production complexes, the main advantages and disadvantages are highlighted. The authors propose a scientific and methodical approach to the study and management of competitiveness of large industrial clusters based on comprehensive consideration of various influencing factors; a description of the main blocks of the approach is given. A comprehensive method of assessing the competitiveness of industrial complexes is described which is the central element of the proposed scientific and methodical approach. The basic rules and algorithms that are used in the method and composition of the main blocks and indicators of competitiveness adapted to the machinery complexes are given. Using the developed methodological approach an assessment of the competitiveness of one of the largest power machinery-building clusters of Russia - the industrial group Uralelectrotyazhmash, which is the leading enterprise in the electrotechnical industry of Russia - is done. The evaluation identified the main problems and bottlenecks in the development of these group of enterprises, and their comparison with leading competitors is carried out. The obtained results made it possible to form the main directions of improving the competitiveness of the group of companies Uralelectrotyazhmash focusing on the improvement of its financial results. According to the results of the study the main conclusions and recommendations are drawn.ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π±Π»Π°Π³ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. ΠΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ². ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²; Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΈ Π°Π»Π³ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΌΡ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΠΌ. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ - Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Β«Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΌΠ°ΡΒ», ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΈ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Β» Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ Β«Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠΌΠ°Ρ Β», ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ² Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ
HFF-DeepSpace photometric catalogs of the 12 Hubble frontier fields, clusters, and parallels : photometry, photometric redshifts, and stellar masses
We present Hubble multi-wavelength photometric catalogs, including (up to) 17 filters with the Advanced Camera for Surveys and Wide Field Camera 3 from the ultra-violet to near-infrared for the Hubble Frontier Fields and associated parallels. We have constructed homogeneous photometric catalogs for all six clusters and their parallels. To further expand these data catalogs, we have added ultra-deep KS-band imaging at 2.2. mu m from the Very Large Telescope HAWK-I and Keck-I MOSFIRE instruments. We also add post-cryogenic Spitzer imaging at 3.6 and 4.5. mu m with the Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), as well as archival IRAC 5.8 and 8.0. mu m imaging when available. We introduce the public release of the multi-wavelength (0.2-8 mu m) photometric catalogs, and we describe the unique steps applied for the construction of these catalogs. Particular emphasis is given to the source detection band, the contamination of light from the bright cluster galaxies (bCGs), and intra-cluster light (ICL). In addition to the photometric catalogs, we provide catalogs of photometric redshifts and stellar population properties. Furthermore, this includes all the images used in the construction of the catalogs, including the combined models of bCGs and ICL, the residual images, segmentation maps, and more. These catalogs are a robust data set of the Hubble Frontier Fields and will be an important aid in designing future surveys, as well as planning follow-up programs with current and future observatories to answer key questions remaining about first light, reionization, the assembly of galaxies, and many more topics, most notably by identifying high-redshift sources to target
Evaluation of the Prevalence of the Shadow Economy at the Regional Level
In modern conditions, the shadow economy is one of the key problems in the vast majority of the countries. The problem of the shadow economy has been the focus of many scientists and practitioners who developed a number of approaches to its identification and estimation. The purpose of this article is to conduct a modern assessment of the scale of the shadow economy in some regions of the Russian Federation and to suggest a forecast of its parameters depending on the scenarios for social and economic development of the regions. The subject of the research is the Sverdlovsk region β the largest industrial center of modern Russia. The methodology proposed by the staff of Baikal State University, which is based on the comparison of statistical and logical reporting data, was chosen as a methodological tool for assessing the spread of the shadow economy in the region. Assessment of the size of the shadow economy was carried out for the period 2006 β 2017 for Sverdlovsk, Kemerovo, Vologda, Chelyabinsk, Lipetsk and Novosibirsk regions that were combined into one group on a number of similar features. The results showed that almost throughout the entire calculation period there was a fairly stable trend of growth of the shadow economy in most of the studied areas. Economic and statistical modeling was used as a basis for predicting the potential size of the shadow economy. Thirteen influencing factors (variables) characterizing various aspects of the influence of the shadow economy on the socio-economic situation in the territory and the impact of the state regulatory authorities on the shadow sector were selected for the construction of the model. Forecast estimates of the of scale of the shadow economy in the Sverdlovsk region, obtained through the direct use of the constructed model have shown that with the current trends in the socio-economic development of the region in the long-term period, further growth in the volume of the shadow economy is expected, which should be considered as a negative trend.Π ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²Π°Ρ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°. ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ², Π² ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ Π΅Π΅ Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ
Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠΊ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ Π²ΡΡΡΡΠΏΠ°Π΅Ρ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΡ β ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π΅ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π²ΡΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΠ°ΠΉΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°, Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2006β2017 Π³Π³. Π΄Π»Ρ Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, Π§Π΅Π»ΡΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ, ΠΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡΠ΄Ρ ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΡΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ. Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ Π±ΡΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ 13 Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
), Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ². ΠΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π² Π‘Π²Π΅ΡΠ΄Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡ
Development of a model for marburgvirus based on severe-combined immunodeficiency mice
The filoviruses, Ebola (EBOV) and Marburg (MARV), cause a lethal hemorrhagic fever. Human isolates of MARV are not lethal to immmunocompetent adult mice and, to date, there are no reports of a mouse-adapted MARV model. Previously, a uniformly lethal EBOV-Zaire mouse-adapted virus was developed by performing 9 sequential passages in progressively older mice (suckling to adult). Evaluation of this model identified many similarities between infection in mice and nonhuman primates, including viral tropism for antigen-presenting cells, high viral titers in the spleen and liver, and an equivalent mean time to death. Existence of the EBOV mouse model has increased our understanding of host responses to filovirus infections and likely has accelerated the development of countermeasures, as it is one of the only hemorrhagic fever viruses that has multiple candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate that serially passaging liver homogenates from MARV-infected severe combined immunodeficient (scid) mice was highly successful in reducing the time to death in scid mice from 50β70 days to 7β10 days after MARV-Ci67, -Musoke, or -Ravn challenge. We performed serial sampling studies to characterize the pathology of these scid mouse-adapted MARV strains. These scid mouse-adapted MARV models appear to have many similar properties as the MARV models previously developed in guinea pigs and nonhuman primates. Also, as shown here, the scid-adapted MARV mouse models can be used to evaluate the efficacy of candidate antiviral therapeutic molecules, such as phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers or antibodies
Modern Assessment and Forecast Prospects of the Competitiveness of the Worldβs Largest Manufacturers of Copper Products
In the context of the global transformation of the economic space, economic entities become integrated into various kinds of associations and alliances. These processes make it emphatically relevant to improve approaches to assessing and forecasting the competitiveness of such large companies, taking into account the changing conditions of their internal and external environment. Previously developed approaches required a certain revision and appropriate improvements. The purpose of the study is to improve methodological tools and assess the competitiveness of large copper companies at the present stage and in the medium term. Based on the analysis of approaches to assessing and ensuring the competitiveness of economic entities, it was revealed that today the vast majority of these approaches do not take into account the changing conditions of competition and the increased influence of factors reflecting these changes. The article proposes an improved scientific and methodological approach to assessing and forecasting the competitiveness of large companies, which includes four major blocks: the formation of scientific and methodological principles for conducting research; development of methodological tools for multifactorial assessment of the companyβs competitiveness; optimization of investment projects for the development of the company; formation of predictive strategies for the development of the company associated with the provision of long-term competitive advantages. As part of the approach - a method for multifactorial assessment of the competitiveness of large companies - has been developed. It provides for the consideration of additional factors and their priority, as well as a significant correction of the basic comparison model. A scenario-based methodological approach has been developed to predict the indicators of competitiveness of large companies using economic and statistical modeling, taking into account the specifics of the companyβs activities. Methodological developments were tested in relation to the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company against the background of large global companies operating in the same field. The assessment of the level of current competitiveness of companies was carried out in the period 2010-2020; the forecast of competitiveness indicators was made for the period through to 2025, which made it possible to assess post-pandemic development trends from the standpoint of the competitiveness of the companies in question. Based on the results of the study, generalizing conclusions are formulated.Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2010β2020 Π³Π³., ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2025 Π³., ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ.Π ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΡΠ²Π° Π½Π°Π±Π»ΡΠ΄Π°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΡ
Π²Π½ΡΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ. Π Π°Π½Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ. Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π΅. ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Ρ
ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΉΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π²Π»ΡΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°: ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ; ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ; ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Ρ ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Π³ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ². Π ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ Π±Π°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, ΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΡ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π² ΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅. ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π°ΡΡ Π² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ 2010β2020 Π³Π³., ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2025 Π³., ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ»ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΏΠ°Π½Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠΎ ΠΈΡΠΎΠ³Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ
Assessment of the Competitiveness of Industrial Complexes (On the Example of the Largest Copper Companies)
The purpose of this research is to develop methodological tools that underlie the strategic development of large industrial complexes (companies) based on the assessment, analysis and forecasting of its competitiveness indicators. It is shown that in the context of globalization, the main engines of development of the world economy and the economies of individual countries and regions are large integrated structures multinational companies and corporations and similar associations, which are considered as industrial complexes. The authors suggest that competitiveness is viewed at as one of the most important characteristics of the activity of such structures in modern conditions, well as the prospects and opportunities for development in the forecast period. The analysis of modern approaches to assessing the competitiveness of enterprises and industrial complexes has delivered a variety of methods and approaches and the lack of a single universal approach. A method for assessing the competitiveness of the industrial complex is proposed, based on comparative analysis of the object under study with leading competitors on a wide range of indicators and characteristics covering various aspects of the complexβs activities, as well as environmental conditions; the block structure and composition of indicators of the competitiveness of the industrial complex are formed. A methodological approach to predicting the competitiveness of the industrial complex is developed, based on the scenario approach and the use of economic and mathematical modeling methods, taking into account the conditions and characteristics of the key sales markets of the industrial complex. Using the developed methodological tools, the assessment of the competitiveness of the largest Russian metallurgical company-the Ural mining and metallurgical company in comparison with the worldβs leading copper production companies was carried out. The analysis of the companyβs competitive positions is carried out, on the basis of which a list of the most significant projects for the development of the company, which give the greatest increase in its competitiveness, is formed. A forecast assessment of the competitiveness indicators of the Ural mining and metallurgical company for the period up to 2022 was made, which allows evaluating the effectiveness of the proposed measures.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ β ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ; ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2022 Π³, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ.Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² (ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ) Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ, Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
Π³Π»ΠΎΠ±Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π³Π»Π°Π²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π»ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΡ β ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ Π² ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π΅, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Ρ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π²ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ-ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ, ΠΎΡ
Π²Π°ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Ρ; ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π±Π»ΠΎΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π Π°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ±ΡΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°. Π‘ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΡΡΠΏΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ β Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ Π²Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ-ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ, Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½Π΅Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π£ΡΠ°Π»ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π»ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ Π΄ΠΎ 2022 Π³, ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°Ρ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ
Threshold Values Of Indic ators for Diagnostic s of Ec onomic Security the Russian Federation at the Present Stage
Based on the analysis of studies on the problems of economic security, it has been established that the most appropriate tools for diagnosing the economic security of territories of different levels is the method of indicative analysis. The key approaches to the formation of threshold values of indicators of economic security are considered. An analytical review of these approaches enabled one to reveal the composition of the main indicators of economic security of the state and to adapt it with regard to modern Russian conditions. The authors suggest that such indicators should be formed within specific blocks (spheres of activity) reflecting this or that party of the social and economic situation of the country. At the same time, the presented indicators of economic security are divided into two large groups β production and financial and socio-demographic indicators. Threshold values for the main indicators of economic security of the Russian Federation are given; examples of their definition and justification are given. Indicative indicators of the economic security of Russia in all spheres of life at the present stage in comparison with the given threshold values are considered. Comparison is drawn between a number of the key indicators of the economic security of the Russian Federation and similar indicators of advanced economies of the world. Among such indicators are economic growth; the inflation rate; the ratio of spending on science and scientific education to GDP; the ratio of resources involved in shadow turnover to GDP (the extent of the spread of the shadow economy); the ratio of per capita income to the subsistence level; life expectancy at birth. General conclusions are drawn on the current state of the Russian economy: the requirements of economic security are not met for most of the given indicators and the level of the manifestation of threats is quite high.ΠΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ Π½Π°ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌΠ»Π΅ΠΌΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΉ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π² ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π³ΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π°ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π°Π΄Π°ΠΏΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΌ (ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ), ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΆΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΡ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΡΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π²Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏΡ β ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ; Π΄Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΌ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌΠΈ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΡΡΠ΄Π° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΉΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π€Π΅Π΄Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ°. Π ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°; ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ (ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΏ) ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ; ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΊΡ ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊ ΠΠΠ; ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΡΠΎΠ², Π²ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΎΡ, ΠΊ ΠΠΠ (ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΠ°Π±Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅Π½Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ); ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π΄ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΎΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡΠΌΡ; ΠΎΠΆΠΈΠ΄Π°Π΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ. Π Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π°Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΈΠ΅ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΠΊ ΡΠΎΠΌΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠΎ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ Π²ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ³ΡΠΎΠ· Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊ
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