Beyond cardiovascular medicine: potential future uses of icosapent ethyl

The REDUCE-IT trial demonstrated that icosapent ethyl, an ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), reduced cardiovascular events in an at-risk population by a substantial degree. While the cardiovascular protective properties of this compound are now proven, several other potential uses are being actively explored in clinical studies. These areas of investigation include cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, infections, Alzheimer’s disease, dementia, and depression. The next decade promises to deepen our understanding of the beneficial effects that EPA may offer beyond cardiovascular risk reduction

Spray pyrolytically deposited PbS thin films

The spray pyrolysis technique has been employed to prepare uniform, large-area thin-film coatings of PbS on glass and on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting substrates at various substrate temperatures. Growth of polycrystalline PbS films occurred at a lower temperature (T-S = 275 degrees C) on conducting substrate than on glass (T-S = 325 degrees C) and oriented growth of polycrystalline cubic PbS occurred on FTO substrates. Characterization of the films has been carried out using x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and electrical resistivity studies. The optical transmittance spectra of these films have been taken for a wavelength range of 400-2500 nm. The films are found to be n type and their conductivities are of the order of 10(-4) (Omega cm)(-1). The lattice parameter value is presented. The average crystallite size of the films is of the order of 10(3) Angstrom and the average grain size is of the order of 10(4) Angstrom. Solar control properties of spray pyrolytically deposited PbS thin films have been investigated

Optical and structural studies on spray deposited \alpha-PbO thin films

Thin films of tetragonal lead monoxide have been prepared from spray pyrolytic decomposition of an aqueous solution of lead nitrate. The spray pyrolysis set-up developed for this study is also described briefly. From the structural investigations it has been found that the films generally grow with some admixture of monoclinic $PbO_{1.57}$ phase. The absorption coefficients of the films have been determined from transmittance measurements in the 400–1200 nm region. From an analysis of the room temperature optical absorption data, a direct transition band gap of 1.9 eV has been obtained for \alpha-PbO

Spray pyrolytic deposition and characterization of SnS and SnS2 thin films

The spray pyrolysis technique is employed to prepare thin films of SnS on glass substrates and SnS2 on glass as well as fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates. The pyrolysis temperatures of SnS and SnS2 are 350 degrees C and 275 degrees C, respectively. The films are found to be n-type semiconductors. The SnS thin film is amorphous, whereas the SnS2 shows polycrystalline structure and the calculated average grain size is 115 Angstrom for SnS2 on glass and 324 Angstrom on the FTO substrate. From an analysis of the high absorption region data a direct-allowed transition at 2.44 eV has been observed for SnS2. In the optical investigations of SnS layers an non-direct-allowed transition at 1 eV is revealed. The corresponding absorption coefficients near the fundamental absorption edge are similar to 2 x 10(4) cm(-1) and 4.6 x 10(3) cm-l for SnS2 and SnS thin films. The room temperature dark conductivity of SnS is of the order of 10(-3) Omega(-1) cm(-1) and 10(-4)-10(-3) Omega(-1) cm(-1) for SnS2 films. The corresponding photoconductivity values of SnS, SnS2 on glass and SnS2 on FTO are ten, four and two times higher than the dark conductivity

Polycrystalline Lead Tin Chalcogenide Thin Film Grown by Spray Pyrolysis

PbSnS2 thin film has been prepared for the first time by spray pyrolysis technique on FTO substrate at 570K. The preliminary optical and structural characteristics of the film have been reported. The optical studies showed that the value of the fundamental absorption edge lies at 1.47eV and a low energy absorption band tail has been observed. The prepared film is p- type electrical conductivity, polycrystalline in nature and has an orthorhombic crystal structure. The value of an average grain size of the film is 350Å

Anomeric Effect in Phosphate Moieties of Carbohydrates: An ab initio Study

Ab initio SCF MO calculations at the STO-3G level have been carried out on $CH_2OHOPO_3^-H$ and $CH_2OHOPO_3^{2-}$, which have been considered as model systems for the C1-phosphate moiety of sugars. The results predict higher anomeric energy for the phosphate moiety at C1 atom of pyranosides. Also a trans arrangement of the exocyclic 0-P bond is preferred rather than a gauche arrangement, thus exhibiting a reverse exo-anomeric effect. A complete potential energy map has been constructed for $CH_3OP_3^-H$, a model system for C6-phosphate moiety. It is seen that the bond angle optimization brings down the relative energies of various conformations. The effect of the phosphate group on the preferred conformation of phosphate containing polysaccharides is also discussed

Anomeric effect in carbohydrates-an ab initio study on extended model systems

The anomeric effect is studied at the ab initio Hartree-Fock level using extended model systems. This has enabled us to study the effect of substitution on the anomeric effect and the $\Delta ^2$-effect in greater detail. An attempt is made to compare the results with available experimental data

Ab initio SCF-MO study of the molecular structures of aminomethanol, aminesulfonic acid and N-methyl-sulfamate

Ab initio MO studies at the STO-3G and the 4-31G level are reported for aminomethanol (H<SUB>2</SUB>NCH<SUB>2</SUB>OH), aminesulfonic acid (H<SUB>2</SUB>NSO<SUB>3</SUB>H) and N-methylsulfamate (CH<SUB>3</SUB>NHSO<SUB>3</SUB><SUP>-</SUP>). The potential energy surface of aminomethanol is compared with that of methanediol and the origin of "reverse anomeric effect" is discussed. The potential energy surface of aminesulfonic acid is compared with that of aminomethanol and sulfuric acid. The favored conformations are analysed in terms of the interaction of polar bonds and the dipoles on the atoms. Various contributions to the potential energy are analysed by decomposing the potential into three term Fourier components. A general survey is made of the effect of bond length and bond angle optimisation on the conformational energies of various anomeric systems

Theoretical investigation of the structures of H<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>4</SUB>, (CH<SUB>3</SUB>O)<SUB>2</SUB>SO<SUB>2</SUB> and CH<SUB>3</SUB>OSO<SUB>3</SUB>

The energies of the various conformers formed by rotating around the S---O bond in H2SO4, (CH3O)2SO2 and CH3OSO3- have been determined by ab initio molecular orbital methods using minimal (STO-3G) and extended (4-31G) basis sets. The (90&#176;, 90&#176;) conformation in H2SO4, has been found to be the most stable, in agreement with the microwave spectral data for gaseous sulfuric acid. Calculations on dimethyl sulfate indicate that geometry optimization can dramatically alter the relative energies of the conformational isomers. Thus, after RO---S---OR bond angle optimization, the energy difference between the (75&#176;, 75&#176;), (75&#176;, 180&#176;) and (180&#176;, 180&#176;) conformations is only about 0.21 kcal mol-1 suggesting that all three rotational isomers are likely to occur. This explains the detection of different conformers of dimethyl sulfate by different experimental techniques. The barrier to rotation around the S---O bond in the CH3OSO3- system is calculated to be very small, &#8764;1.2 kcal mol-1. A comparison of these species with related anomeric systems is presented and the nature of the interactions of polar bonds in determining the preferred conformation is discussed