Synthesis of 11-(Piperazin-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[b,e] [1,4]diazepine on Kilo Scale

Abstract: A synthesis of 11-(piperazin-1yl)-5H-dibenzo [b,e][1,4]diazepine on kilo scale without any chromatographic purification step is reported. Key steps involved are Ullmann condensation, catalytic hydrogenation, and catalyzed cyclization

Phosphine-Free Tetradentate Salicylaldimine Ligand Complexed with Palladium: First Application in Heck Reactions

<div><p></p><p>Heck reactions were carried out using phosphine-free tetradentate salicylaldimine ligand complexed with PdCl₂ under mild reaction conditions, short reaction time, and low palladium loading. All aryl iodides underwent coupling reactions with olefins, giving corresponding <i>trans</i>-products, with good to excellent yields, whereas aryl bromides gave very poor yields and aryl chlorides failed to react.</p> </div

Evaluation of Oleic Acid and Polyethylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether Conjugate (PEGylated Oleic Acid) as a Solubility Enhancer of Furosemide

Poor aqueous solubility limits the therapeutic efficacy of many marketed and investigational drugs. Synthesis of new drugs with improved solubility is challenging due to time constraint and expenses involved. Therefore, finding the solubility enhancers for existing drugs is an attractive and profitable strategy. In this study, PEGylated oleic acid (OA-mPEG5000), a conjugate of oleic acid and mPEG5000 was synthesized and evaluated as a solubilizer for furosemide. OA-mPEG5000 was evaluated as a nanocarrier for furosemide by formulating polymersomes. Solubility of furosemide in milli-Q water and aqueous OA-mPEG5000 solution was determined using shake flask method. At 37 &deg;C, the solubility of furosemide in OA-mPEG5000 (1% w/w) and milli-Q water was 3404.7 &plusmn; 254.6 &micro;g/mL and 1020.2 &plusmn; 40.9 &micro;g/mL, respectively. Results showed there was a 3.34-fold increase in solubility of furosemide in OA-mPEG5000 compared to water at 37 &deg;C. At 25 &deg;C, there was a 3.31-fold increase in solubilization of furosemide in OA-mPEG5000 (1% w/w) (90.0 &plusmn; 1.45 &micro;g/mL) compared to milli-Q water (27.2 &plusmn; 1.43 &micro;g/mL). Size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of polymersomes ranged from 85&ndash;145.5 nm, 0.187&ndash;0.511 and &minus;4.0&ndash;12.77 mV, respectively. In-vitro release study revealed a burst release (71%) within 1 h. Significant enhancement in solubility and formation of polymersomes suggested that OA-mPEG5000 could be a good solubilizer and nanocarrier for furosemide

POTENTIAL OF COTTON SEED OIL AS AN ALTERNATING LUBRICANT FOR MULTI-CYLINDER ENGINE

A lubricant is a substance that reduces friction and wear by providing a protective film between two moving surfaces. Good lubricants possess properties like low toxicity, high load carrying capacity, excellent coefficient of friction, high viscosity index, good anti-wear capability, low emission into the environment, high ignition temperature. Hence tribology related problems can be minimized by proper selection of lubricant. Now a day depletion of reserves of crude oil, growing prices of crude oil and concern about protecting the environment against pollution have created the interest towards environment-friendly lubricants. Hence paper work is related to check the suitability and to evaluate the anti-wear characteristics of cottonseed oil as a lubricant for multi-cylinder engine. Anti-wear testing is carried out on four ball testing machine as per ASTM D 4172. Image Acquisition System is used to check wear preventive characteristic of cottonseed oil by measuring wear scar diameter

Economic Evaluation of Bahirwadi Watershed in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra – A Case Study for Replication in Potential Areas

Agricultural and Food Policy,