НОВЫЕ НАХОДКИ МОРСКИХ ДИАТОМОВЫХ БЕНТОСА ДЛЯ ДИАТОМОВОЙ ФЛОРЫ ТУРЦИИ (ЧЁРНОЕ МОРЕ)

Первые данные по морским диатомовым Турции, основанные на материале, собранном в Мраморном море, были опубликованы С. Эренбергом в 1843 г. Бентосные морские диатомовые изучены намного слабее, по сравнению с пресноводными. Материалы для настоящего исследования собраны на одной станции в бухте Аклиман, Синоп, в декабре 2012 г. В результате работ, виды Achnanthes longiceps C. Agardh, Bacillaria socialis (Gregory) Ralfs, Berkeleya micans (Lyngbye) Grunow, Berkeleya obtusa (Greville) Grunow, Berkeleya sparsa Mizuna, Chamaepinnularia clamans (Hustedt) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, Cocconeis costata Gregory, Fallacia clepsidroides Witkowski, Fallacia florinae (M. Møller) Witkowski, Gomphonemopsis obscurum (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot, Grammatophora undulata Ehrenberg, Mastogloia pusilla var. subcapitata Hustedt, Mastogloia urveae Witkowski, Navicula germanopolonica Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot, Navicula parapontica Witkowski, Kulikovskiy, Nevrova & Lange-Bertalot, Navicula pavillardii Hustedt, Navicula subagnita Proshkina-Lavrenko, Neosynedra provincialis (Grunow) D.M. Williams & Round, Nitzschia prolongata Hustedt, Opephora guenter-grassii (Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot) Sabbe & Vyverman, Parlibellus berkeleyi (Kützing) E.J. Cox, Parlibellus calvus A. Witkowski, Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot и Planothidium depertidum (Giffen) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin зарегистрированы как новые находки для диатомовой флоры Турции.The first study on marine diatoms in Turkey based on material collected from Marmara Sea was published by C. Ehrenberg in 1843. Regarding to benthic diatom studies, marine diatoms are understudy comparing to freshwater diatoms. In this study, the samples were collected from one station in Akliman Bay, Sinop in December 2012. As a result, Achnanthes longiceps C. Agardh, Bacillaria socialis (Gregory) Ralfs, Berkeleya micans (Lyngbye) Grunow, Berkeleya obtusa (Greville) Grunow, Berkeleya sparsa Mizuna, Chamaepinnularia clamans (Hustedt) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin, Cocconeis costata Gregory, Fallacia clepsidroides Witkowski, Fallacia florinae (M. Møller) Witkowski, Gomphonemopsis obscurum (Krasske) Lange-Bertalot, Grammatophora undulata Ehrenberg, Mastogloia pusilla var. subcapitata Hustedt, Mastogloia urveae Witkowski, Navicula germanopolonica Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot, Navicula parapontica Witkowski, Kulikovskiy, Nevrova & Lange-Bertalot, Navicula pavillardii Hustedt, Navicula subagnita Proshkina-Lavrenko, Neosynedra provincialis (Grunow) D.M. Williams & Round, Nitzschia prolongata Hustedt, Opephora guenter-grassii (Witkowski & Lange-Bertalot) Sabbe & Vyverman, Parlibellus berkeleyi (Kützing) E.J. Cox, Parlibellus calvus A.Witkowski, Metzeltin & Lange-Bertalot and Planothidium depertidum (Giffen) Witkowski, Lange-Bertalot & Metzeltin were “new record” status for Turkish Diatom Flora

AgInSe2 ve AgGaSe2 ince filmlerin ısısal buharlaştırma ve saçtırmalı kaplama teknikleriyle büyütülmesi ve n-CdS/p-AgGaSe2, p-Si/nAgInSe2 ve n-CdS/p-AgInSe2 pn-heteroeklem güneş hücrelerinin oluşturulması

TÜBİTAK TBAG15.06.2011Bu proje kapsamında, I-III-VI gurubu kalkopirit bileĢiklerinden olan AgInSe2 (AIS) ve AgGaSe2 (AGS) ince filmler üç farklı kaplama, ısısal (thermal), elektron demeti(e-beam) ve DC/RF manyetik saçtırmalı (sputtering) buharlaştırma yöntemleri kullanılarak üretilmiştir. Projenin ilk aşamasında, cam tabanlar üzerinde kaplanan filmlerin elektriksel, optik, yapısal ve yüzeysel özellikleri XRD, SEM, EDS ve XPS ölçümleri alınarak belirlenmiş ve büyütme koşulları optimize edilmiştir. Isısal ve elektron demeti yöntemiyle kaplama için, buharlaştırmada kullanılacak kaynak malzeme saf Ag, In, Ga ve Se elementleri istenilen oranda kuvartz tüpler içerisine istenen içerikte yerleştirilip, vakumlanarak Bridgman kristal çekme sistemiyle AgInSe2 ve AgGaSe2 kristalleri sentezlenmiş ve buharlaştırma kaynağı olarak kullanılmıştır. Üçüncü olarak ise daha önce çok fazla uygulanmamış olan, RF/DC manyetik saçtırma tekniğiyle, AgInSe2 ve AgGaSe2 ince fılmler katmanlar halinde farklı kalınlıklarda, aynı vakum ortamında, vakumu bozmadan üç kaynaklı saçtırmalı buharlaştırma sistemi kullanılarak, farklı alttaşlar üzerine katmanlar halinde Ag/InSe/Ag... kaplanmış, sonrasında üçlü bileşik yapısının oluşması için filmlerin 200-500 oC derece arasında tavlanmıştır. Ayrıca kaplama ve tavlama sırasında yapı içerisindeki Se ayrışmasını ortadan kaldırmak için baĢka bir sistemde selenyum atmosferinde 300-500 oC‟de, 30 dakika tavlanmıştır. Çalışmanın takip eden son aşamasında her üç yöntemle hazırlanan ince filmler kullanılarak; Mo/p-AgInSe2, p-Si/n-AgInSe2, n-CdS/p-AgInSe2, Mo/n-AgGaSe2/p-AgInSe2, gibi farklı pn-heteroeklem ve metal/yarıiletken aygıt yapıları oluşturularak, karanlık ve aydınlık akım-voltaj (I-V), farklı frekanslarda kapasitans-voltaj(C-V) ve 400-1200 nm arasında spektral fotoakım ölçümleri alınarak aygıt parametreleri tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca güneş benzeticisi kullanılarak AM1 şartlarında verimlilikleri ölçülmüştür.In the scope of this project, the members of I-III-VI groups of ternary chalcogonide compounds, namely AgInSe2 (AIS) and AgGaSe2 (AGS) thin films have been deposited by means of thermal evaporation, e-beam and RF/DC magnetron sputtering deposition techniques. In the first part of the project, electrical, optical, structural and morphological properties of thin films deposited on glass substrates by taking XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS measurements were analyzed and the growth conditions were optimized. The evaporation source material for thermal and e-beam deposition methods were prepared by mixing and placing the desired molecular content of pure Ag, Ga, In and Se elements into quartz ampoule and sealing it under vacuum. Then, the ampoule was placed through Brigdman crystal system to produce the single crystals of AgInSe2 and AgGaSe2, and they were used as the evaporation source in these methods. RF/DC magnetron sputtering was used as third evaporation method, which is not used so frequently in this kind of study. By using this method, AgInSe2 and AgGaSe2 were deposited on different substrates, especially on glass substrates layer by layer growth of each Ag, InSe and GaSe targets in different thickness and sequences such as Ag/InSe/Ag...Then, deposited films were annealed at the same chamber under vacuum in the range of 200-500 oC in order to form ternary compounds by controlling the diffusion of the constituent elements. Also, the grown thin films were annealed under selenium atmosphere in between 300 and 500 oC for 30 min. in another vacuum chamber to compensate the Se segregation. In the final part of this study, the thin films deposited by these three techniques were used to produce different np- or pn-heterojunction and metal/semiconductor device structure Mo/p-AgInSe2, p-Si/n-AgInSe2, n-CdS/p-AgInSe2, Mo/n-AgGaSe2/p-AgInSe2, and their dark and illuminated current-voltage (I-V), capacitance- voltage(C-V) at different frequencies and spectral-photocurrent in the wavelength range of 400-1200 nm were measured and their device parameters were investigated. The solar efficiency of the devices with the solar simulator under AM1 condition was also measured

Medicinal plants grown in soil amended with struvite recovered from anaerobically pretreated poultry manure wastewater

ABSTRACT 3--P = 1:1:1, pH = 9.0) was tested as a slow release fertilizer on the growth of four medicinal plants including garden rocket (Eruca sativa), dill (Anethum graveolens), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and parsley (Petroselinum crispum) in a series of labscale greenhouse experiment. Pot trial tests indicated that rates of increase in fresh weights, dry weights and fresh heights of plants grown in soil fertilized with the recovered struvite were determined as 405%, 488%, and 51% for garden rocket; 154%, 191%, and 44% for dill; 152%, 379%, and 27% for fennel; 141%, 208%, and 22% for parsley, respectively, compared to the control pot. Results of a static bioassay test proved that the use of plants cultivated in MAP pots as the feeding material did not cause any acute toxicity symptoms or mortality in guppy fish (Lebistes reticulatus), and all survived and exhibited normal visual responses at the end of 170-h exposure. Findings of this study confirmed that the recovered struvite from UASB effluent provided a valuable slow release fertilizer for the agricultural use, resulting an edible multi-nutrient animal feed

The distribution of centric diatoms in different river catchments in the Anatolian Peninsula, Turkey

The diatoms are one of the most important groups of organisms for biomonitoring studies. In Turkey, most previous applications of diatoms to water quality monitoring have focused on the pennate diatoms, with almost no attention given to the centric forms. The paper presents the centric diatoms in some river catchments in Central Anatolia (Konya closed catchment and Kızılırmak) and Western Anatolia (Marmara, Sakarya, Susurluk, Akarçay, Küçük Menderes, and Meriç-Ergene in the Marmara and Aegean regions). The survey of these catchments is based on samples collected between 2009 and 2013 from 33 different locations, including some springs from Türkmen Mountain and Domaniç forest, as well as small streams and big rivers of the Anatolian Peninsula. Altogether 30 taxa were found, of which 14 are new records for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey

Editorial of Special Issue of National Identities: Alevism as an ethno-religious identity: Contested boundaries

No abstract for editorial but this is the opening paragraph: This special issue on Alevism and trans/national Alevi identity critically engages with the relationship between religion, ethnicity and national identity. The core issues are as follows: • how ethnicity and religion are conceptualised for a relatively invisible ethnic group in different national contexts; • how religion and ethnicity intersect when Alevism is both a faith and an ethnic identity, especially when conceptions of that identity are contested; • how identity is shaped through state policies within different national policy contexts and how etic definitions of minority communities are constructed by the state or other agencies with the power to impose them on the community in contrast to the emic or self-definitions of Aleviness from within the Alevi community; • how despite the fragmented, heterogeneous nature of Alevi communities, there is also a sense of a single, transnational imaginary community, at least for the purposes of political assimilation/integration and activism; • how education and other arenas of political, religious and cultural engagement at local, national and transnational levels create the possibilities, both positively and negatively, for future action/policy to situate minority ethnic communities

Seroprevalence and risk factors for toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in Aydin province, Turkey

BACKGROUND: The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women at first trimester of their pregnancy and to follow up the seroconversion for next two trimesters, and to identify the risk factors and possible contamination routes in Aydin province, Turkey. METHOD: The sample size was calculated as 423 on a prevalence of 50%, d=0.05 at a confidence level of 95% with 10% addition. It was a cross-sectional study with multistage sampling. After a questionnaire applied to the pregnant women, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were studied with ELISA and IFA, values in conflict with DA test, where IgM antibodies were studied with ELISA and for borderline or positive values of IgM avidity test was used. RESULTS: The mean age of 389 (92.9%) of pregnant women in the study was 24.28+/-4.56 years, the seroprevalence of anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies for toxoplasmosis was 30.1%. Seroprevalence was increased with age (p=0.001) and with drinking water consumption other than bottled water (p=0.042). No significant relations were observed between anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies and education level, being native or migrant, abortion history, consumption of meat, vegetable and milk/milk products, personal or kitchen hygiene habits, cat owning at home of the pregnant women. No IgM antibody was detected. CONCLUSION: One of every three pregnant women in Aydin was at risk of toxoplasmosis at the first trimester of their pregnancy. Increased seroprevalance with age was a predictable result because of increasing time of exposure. Increased seroprevalence with consumption of municipal and uncontrolled water (well/spring water) supplies was similar with latest epidemiological findings

mTOR Controls Ovarian Follicle Growth by Regulating Granulosa Cell Proliferation

We have shown that inhibition of mTOR in granulosa cells and ovarian follicles results in compromised granulosa proliferation and reduced follicle growth. Further analysis here using spontaneously immortalized rat granulosa cells has revealed that mTOR pathway activity is enhanced during M-phase of the cell cycle. mTOR specific phosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and 4E-BP, and expression of Raptor are all enhanced during M-phase. The predominant effect of mTOR inhibition by the specific inhibitor Rapamycin (RAP) was a dose-responsive arrest in the G1 cell cycle stage. The fraction of granulosa cells that continued to divide in the presence of RAP exhibited a dose-dependent increase in aberrant mitotic figures known as anaphase bridges. Strikingly, estradiol consistently decreased the incidence of aberrant mitotic figures. In mice treated with RAP, the mitotic index was reduced compared to controls, and a similar increase in aberrant mitotic events was noted. RAP injected during a superovulation regime resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the numbers of eggs ovulated. Implications for the real-time regulation of follicle growth and dominance, including the consequences of increased numbers of aneuploid granulosa cells, are discussed

Systemic and local antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus epidermidis graft infection

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to investigate the in vivo efficacy of local and systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of Staphylococcus (S.) epidermidis graft infection in a rat model and to evaluate the bacterial adherence to frequently used prosthetic graft materials. METHODS: Graft infections were established in the subcutaneous tissue of 120 male Wistar rats by implantation of Dacron/ePTFE grafts followed by topical inoculation with 2 × 10(7 )CFUs of clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis. Each of the graft series included a control group, one contaminated group that did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis, two contaminated groups that received systemic prophylaxis with teicoplanin or levofloxacin and two contaminated groups that received teicoplanin-soaked or levofloxacin-soaked grafts. The grafts were removed 7 days after implantation and evaluated by quantitative culture. RESULTS: There was significant bacterial growth inhibition in the groups given systemic or local prophylaxis (P < 0.05). Methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis had greater affinity to Dacron graft when compared with ePTFE graft in the untreated contaminated groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that the usage of systemic or local prophylaxis and preference of ePTFE graft can be useful in reducing the risk of vascular graft infections caused by staphylococcal strains with high levels of resistance

Real-time implementation of self-tuning regulator control technique for coupled tank industrial process system

This article presents the self-tuning regulator control technique for a coupled tank liquid level system that often used in industry. An autoregressive with exogenous model has been used as the liquid process model with the self-tuning control implementation in order to track the desired tank level trajectories with disturbances and uncertainties of the system dynamics. The designed self-tuning controller has been sensitive to parameter variations of the nonlinear coupled tank system. The parameters of the proposed controller are periodically updated themselves during the process by means of online recursive least square method with the forgetting factor algorithm. In this way, the parameter variations and unwanted disturbances of the system are eliminated in real-time application. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the self-tuning regulator control technique, the real-time studies have been executed. The obtained experimental results demonstrated that the proposed controller gives the better trajectory tracking performance and smaller magnitude in overshot and undershot than the designed classical proportional–integral and sliding mode controllers. © IMechE 2018

Examination of the 8th grade students' TIMSS mathematics success in terms of different variables1

The aim of this study is to determine how the TIMSS mathematics success of the 8th grade students differentiates according to the school type, gender, mathematics report mark, parents' education level, cognitive domains and cognitive domains by gender. Relational survey method was used in the study. Six-hundred fifty two 8th grade students studying in the same city in Turkey participated in this study. In this study, a 45 question test that was made up by choosing TIMSS 2011 mathematics questionnaire was used as a data collection tool. Quantitative data analysis methods were used in the data analysis, frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, independent sample test, one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc tests were applied to data by using SPSS packaged software. At the end of the study, it was determined that the school type, mathematics school mark, parents' education level and cognitive domains influenced the students' TIMSS mathematics success but their gender was a neutral element. Moreover, it was seen that schools which are really successful in national exams are more successful in TIMSS exam; students whose mathematics school marks are 5 and whose parents graduated from university are more successful in TIMSS exams than others. © 2015 Taylor & Francis