ENFORMEL BİR İŞ VE İSTİHDAM ALANI OLARAK YAŞLI BAKICILIĞI: YAŞLI YAKINLARI İLE BAKICI İLİŞKİLERİNDE YAŞANAN SORUNLAR

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de gittikçe görünürlüğü artan bir sorun haline gelen yaşlılık olgusunun genellikle ihmal edilen yaşlı bakımı ve bakıcılığına dikkat çekmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Yaşlı bakımıyla ilgili hizmetler, gittikçe artan bir şekilde enformel bir istihdam alanı haline gelmektedir. Yaşlı bakımına yönelik hizmet alımı ya da bakıcı istihdamına yönelik talep yoğunlaşması arttıkça işveren konumundaki yaşlı yakınları ile iş gören konumundaki bakıcılar arasındaki ilişkilerde, çeşitli sorunlar/mağduriyetler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Çalışma; nitel teknikle bir grup denek üzerinden elde edilen verilere dayandırılmış ve yaşlı bakıcıları ve aile üyeleri arasında yaşanan bu sorunlar ve yaşanan mağduriyetler saptamaya çalışılmıştır. Araştırma grubunu oluşturan ve enformel yaşlı bakıcılığı hizmetinden yararlanan 15 yaşlı yakını ile yaşlı bakıcılığı yapan 15 bireyle görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmeler ses kayıt cihazıyla kaydedilmiş ve veriler metne dönüştürülmüştür. Araştırma sonucunda belli başlı bulgular olarak; yaşlı yakınları ve bakıcıları arasında bakıcıya ulaşma, sosyal haklar, iş tanımının belirsizliği, bakım yükü ve eğitim düzeyinin yetersizliğine bağlı sorunlar saptanmıştır

How efficient is an integrative approach in archaeological geophysics? Comparative case studies from Neolithic settlements in Thessaly (Central Greece)

The geophysical prospection of Neolithic tells imposes specific challenges due to the preservation and nature of the architectural context and the multiple, usually disturbed, soil strata. Contrary to the usual application of a single method, this paper deals with the advantages of using an integrated geophysical approach through the employment of various methodologies to map the Neolithic cul-tural and environmental landscape of Thessalian tells (magoules) in Central Greece. The success and failure of each method in resolving the various features of the magoules are discussed in detail, and as a whole, they demonstrate the benefits of a manifold geophysical prospection of the sites

PECKING ORDER AND TRADE-OFF THEORIES IN FORMING CAPITAL STRUCTURE: AN IMPLEMENTATION IN TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN THE WEST MEDITERRANEAN REGION OF TURKEY

Increasing competitive environment’s pressure on business organizations during globalization process and after it prompts finance managers to be more cautious about business financing and establishing capital structure. Capital structure decisions change capital components of business organizations and thus become more important in terms of decreasing capital cost and increasing firm value. Modigliani’s and Miller’s approach towards capital structure are the most outstanding ones among the studies related to this issue. It seems that this approach was adopted intensely first and developed by other studies which were done later; even from its drawbacks new capital structure approaches have been suggested. Since bankruptcy and agency cost, arising from excessive borrowing, and asymmetric information problem affect capital cost and firm value, they should be taken into account at least as much as tax advantage provided by the loan for establishing capital structure. In this paper, we tried to form a frame for capital structure at first and then mentioned about trade-off and pecking order theories on establishing capital structure. In the next stage, we referred to previous studies in literature concerning approaches adopted for establishing business organisations’ capital structures. In the last part, a field research, relating to the importance of factors which are taken into account while establishing capital structure in textile businesses, was applied, and analyses regarding the determination of current situation of active business organizations were done. We also applied face-to-face survey method in this study, and the analysis was carried out by subjecting hypotheses to t-test and chi square test with the help of SPSS packaged software

WDVV and DZM

We show how the WDVV equations and the DZM system can be characterized via a background family of functions.Comment: Latex, 14 page

Genetic analysis of the complete G gene of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) genotype Ie isolates from Turkey

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is an enveloped non-segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus that belongs to the Novirhabdovirus genus of the family Rhabdoviridae. This virus causes economically significant diseases in farmed rainbow trout, in Turkey, which is often associated with the transmission of pathogens from European resources. In this study, moribund rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) samples were collected during an outbreak of VHSV in a rainbow trout fish farm in Bolu Province of Turkey in 2006. In addition, two VHSV strains were isolated from wild turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in Trabzon Province of the Black Sea region of Turkey during a field survey. We have sequenced the full-length glycoprotein (G) gene of three VHSV isolates and compared them with 25 previously published gene sequences. Based on a complete gene nucleotide sequence, Turkish VHSV isolates were classified into class Ie of genotype I, which is closely related to GE-1.2 isolate (97.1-97.5% nucleotide identity and 98.2-98.4% amino acid identity) found in Georgia more than 30 years ago. These isolates could be an indigenous type of VHSV distributed in the Black Sea. On the other hand, Turkish isolates have 97.5-97.6% nucleotide identity and 98.8-99% amino acid identity with Finnish, Danish, and Norwegian isolates which are classified under Ib and Id. These results suggest that Turkish VHSV isolates may have orginated from Europe and co-circulated with indigenous strains which can threaten the aquaculture industry in Turkey

Conservative Treatment Protocol for Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour: a Follow-up Study of 3 Cases

Background: The keratocystic odontogenic tumour is classified as a developmental cyst derived from the enamel organ or from the dental lamina. The treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumour of the jaw remains controversial. The aim of this study was to report the outcome of our conservative treatment protocol for keratocystic odontogenic tumour.Methods: Three patients with different complaints referred to Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinic, Faculty of Dentistry, Selçuk University. Initial biopsy was carried out in all patients and keratocystic odontogenic tumours was diagnosed subsequent to histopathological examination. The patients with keratocystic odontogenic tumours were treated by enucleation followed by open packing. This conservative treatment protocol was selected because of existing young aged patients. The average follow-up duration of the cases was 2 years.Results: Out of 3 cases, 2 lesions were present in mandible and 1 lesion in maxilla. There was no evidence of recurrence during follow-up. All the cases were monitored continuously with panoramic radiographs, computed tomography and clinical evaluations.Conclusions: This conservative treatment protocol for keratocystic odontogenic tumours, based on enucleation followed by open packing would be a possible choice with a view of offering low recurrence rate and low morbidity rate particularly in young patients

Gravitational Instantons from Minimal Surfaces

Physical properties of gravitational instantons which are derivable from minimal surfaces in 3-dimensional Euclidean space are examined using the Newman-Penrose formalism for Euclidean signature. The gravitational instanton that corresponds to the helicoid minimal surface is investigated in detail. This is a metric of Bianchi Type $VII_0$, or E(2) which admits a hidden symmetry due to the existence of a quadratic Killing tensor. It leads to a complete separation of variables in the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for geodesics, as well as in Laplace's equation for a massless scalar field. The scalar Green function can be obtained in closed form which enables us to calculate the vacuum fluctuations of a massless scalar field in the background of this instanton.Comment: One figure available by fax upon request. Abstract missing in original submission. Submitted to Classical and Quantum Gravit

Applications of Temperley-Lieb algebras to Lorentz lattice gases

Motived by the study of motion in a random environment we introduce and investigate a variant of the Temperley-Lieb algebra. This algebra is very rich, providing us three classes of solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation. This allows us to establish a theoretical framework to study the diffusive behaviour of a Lorentz Lattice gas. Exact results for the geometrical scaling behaviour of closed paths are also presented.Comment: 10 pages, latex file, one figure(by request

Experiments with the WDVV equations for the gluino-condensate prepotential: the cubic (two-cut) case

We demonstrate by explicit calculation that the first two terms in the CIV-DV prepotential for the two-cut case satisfy the generalized WDVV equations, just as in all other known examples of hyperelliptic Seiberg-Witten models. The WDVV equations are non-trivial in this situation, provided the set of moduli is extended as compared to the Dijkgraaf-Vafa suggestion and includes also moduli, associated with the positions of the cuts (not only with their lengths). Expression for the extra modulus dictated by WDVV equation, however, appears different from a naive expectation implied by the Whitham theory. Moreover, for every value of the "quantum-deformation parameter" 1/g_3, we actually find an entire one-parameter family of solutions to the WDVV equations, of which the conventional prepotential is just a single point.Comment: 10 pages, Late

Agricultural Production and Stability of Settlement Systems In Upper Mesopotamia during the Early Bronze Age (Third Millennium BCE)

This study investigates the relationship between rainfall variation and rain-fed agricultural production in Upper Mesopotamia with a specific focus on Early Bronze Age urban settlements. In return, the variation in production is used to explore stability of urban settlement systems. The organization of the flow of agricultural goods is the key to sustaining the total settlement system. The vulnerability of a settlement system increases due to the increased demand for more output from agricultural lands. This demand is the key for the success of urbanization project. However, without estimating how many foodstuffs were available at the end of a production cycle, further discussions on the forces that shaped and sustained urban settlement systems will be lacking. While large scale fluctuations in the flow of agricultural products between settlements are not the only determinants of hierarchical structures, the total available agricultural yield for each urban settlement in a hierarchy must have influenced settlement relations. As for the methodology, first, Early Bronze Age precipitation levels are estimated by using modern day associations between the eastern Mediterranean coastal areas and the inner regions of Upper Mesopotamia. Next, these levels are integrated into a remote-sensing based biological growth model. Also, a CORONA satellite imagery based archaeological survey is conducted in order to map the Early Bronze Age settlement system in its entirety as well as the ancient markers of agricultural intensification. Finally, ancient agricultural production landscapes are modeled in a GIS. The study takes a critical position towards the traditionally held assumption that large urban settlements (cities) in Upper Mesopotamia were in a state of constant demand for food. The results from this study also suggest that when variations in ancient precipitation levels are translated into the variations in production levels, the impact of climatic aridification on ancient settlement systems becomes less visible in the archaeological record