Identifikasi Tumbuhan Sumber Pakan dan Tingkat Palatabilitas Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Desa Lumoli, Seram, Maluku

Cuscus is an Australian animal (marsupial) whose distribution is limited in Indonesia and its population is declining due to threats hunted for consumption, and traded illegally. To overcome the above problems it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the type of feed in the hope of helping the conservation of these animals, especially in captivity. The purpose of this research is to study the types of plants as cuscus that live in captivity of Lumoli Village, West Seram District. This research begins with the observation of the type of kursus that lives in captivity of Lumoli Village. Study of feed type, depiction, and analysis. The results showed 44 species of plants in the village of Lumoli West Seram District, Maluku can be used as cuscus feed in captivity. Very good plant part as Source of Feed is young leaf of 28 species of plant (63,63%), 25 species (56,81%) are fruits, 4 species (9,09%) are flowers, 3 species (6,81 %) is a young shoot. The level of palatability of the cuscus indicates that the brown cuscus and white cuscus correspond to 43 plant species (97.72%) and can not be done 1 plant species (2.27%) (water apple), while the spotted cuscus and the gray magic cuscus 43 (97.72 %) plant types and unlike 1 plant species (2.27%) (Tomi-tomi). The proximate test results showed the highest ash content was available in the gray cuscus (18.95%) and the lowest in brown couscous (11.41%), the highest crude protein content in the gray cuscus (28.01%) and the lowest in white cuscus (23, 64%), crude fat content in cuscus totol (4.92%) and lowest in gray cuscus (2.93%), crude fiber content in gray cuscus (27.99%) and lowest in brown cuscus (21, 68% ). Can be concluded there are 44 types of forest plants that can be consumed either in the form of young leaves, fruit, flowers and young shoots. Further research is needed on additional types of feed for the cuscus in captivity

Kajian Molekuler Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Seram, Maluku Berdasarkan Urutan Gen ATP8

The cuscus is an Australian animal (marsupial) which belongs to the Phalangeridae family and its distribution is limited in eastern Indonesia, Australia and Papua New Guinea. Through IUCN data, cuscus is categorized as endangered species, in CITES it is classified as Appendix II. The population of cuscus is decreasing due to the threat of deforestation, many are hunted for consumption, and are traded illegally. To overcome the above problems, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the study of cuscus genotypes in the hope that they can assist in future wildlife conservation efforts. The purpose of this study was to molecularly examine the types of living cuscus in captivity in Lumoli Village, West Seram Regency, Maluku. This research begins with the stages of DNA isolation through cuscus tissue. DNA isolation products were amplified in the ATP 8 gene region by the PCR method, sequenced. Data was analyzed using MEGA program version 5.1. The PCR reaction produces 681 bp of product. The results of the analysis obtained 85 different nucleotide sites. The nucleotide sequence of the ATP 8 gene was analyzed using kimura 2 parameters. The construction of the filogram using the neighbor joining method with a bootstrap value 1000 times based on the ATP 8 gene sequence shows the kinship between the four types of cuscus, which produces two branches of Phalanger and Spilocuscus, namely brown cuscus related to white cuscus and related cuscus with spotted cuskus

Decreasing SGPT level and macrophage activity through CD68 expression in the Balb/c mice (Mus musculus) liver infected with Salmonella typhi after treating with atung seeds (Parinarium glaberimmun Hassk)

Normally macrophages are always in the body and spread in various body tissues such as liver tissue (Kupffer cells). Macrophages in tissue can be identified by the expression of several markers, in humans the marker is CD68. The increase and decrease in macrophage activity in the liver can also be indicated by an increase in SGPT levels so that atung seeds have the ability to inhibit the growth of S. tyhpi bacteria which contain tannin compounds which can damage microbial cell walls and form bonds with microbial functional proteins so that bacterial growth is inhibited. The purpose of this study was to determine the SGPT levels and macrophage activity. The method used is laboratory experiment. The results showed an increase in SGPT levels in the positive control (87.00 ± 2,915) and a concentration of 25% (84.20 ± 3,962) and a decrease in SGPT levels in the negative control (50.80 ± 2.168 *), 50% concentration (78.20 ± 3.114 *) and concentrations. 75% (58.20 ± 3,834), decreased macrophage activity in the liver also occurred at a concentration of 50% and at a concentration of 75%, the liver was normal, which was indicated by the resulting brown expressio

The Effect of Eucheuma cottonii Extract on Body Weight and Blood Sugar Levels of Mouse (Mus musculus) Diabetes Mellitus Type 1

Seaweed (E. cottonii) is a type of seaweed from the Rhodophyta class which has anti-diabetic activity so that it can control diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of E. cottonii extract on body weight and blood sugar levels in mice (Mus musculus) type 1 diabetes mellitus. This study used a completely randomized factorial design with five treatments and three replications. 20 mice were divided into 5 groups: normal mice (KN), negative control (K-), positive control (K+), E. cottonii extract dose of 0.4 ml/g BW (P1) and E. cottonii extract dose of 0 .7 ml/gBB (P2). The extraction of E. cottonii used the maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. All groups of mice were induced with 0.3 ml of STZ for 3 consecutive days. After an increase in blood glucose levels, the mice in the K(+) group were given metformin at a dose of 0.4 ml, P1 was given E. cottonii ethanol extract at a dose of 0.4 ml/g BW and P2 at a dose of 0.7 ml/g BW. Extract administration was carried out for 7 days. The results showed that E. cottonii extract had an effect on increasing body weight and decreasing blood sugar levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus mice. The increase in body weight and decrease in blood sugar levels was in line with the high doses given

PENINGKATAN MOTILITAS DAN VIABILITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT (Mus muscullus) DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE-II SETELAH DI BERI DIET TEPUNG SAGU (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus muscullus) diabetes mellitus tipe-II setelah di beri diet tepung sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.). Manfaat penelitian ini yaitu untuk Memberikan informasi ilmiah bagi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan tentang peningkatan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus muscullus) diabetes mellitus tipe-II setelah di beri diet tepung sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) dan Informasi kepada masyarakat tentang diet tepung sagu dalam penurunan diabetes melitus tipe-II. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen laboratorik dan Uji persamaan regresi dilakukan antar variabel bebas dan variabel terikat hasil pengamatan dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tepung sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) dapat meningkatkan presentase motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus muscullus) diabetes mellitus tipe-II seiring dengan peningkatan dosis pakan tepung sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.)

IDENTIFIKASI TUMBUHAN SUMBER PAKAN DAN TINGKAT PALATABILITAS KUSKUS (FAMILI PHALANGERIDAE) DI DESA LUMOLI, SERAM, MALUKU

Cuscus is an Australian animal (marsupial) whose distribution is limited in Indonesia and its population is declining due to threats hunted for consumption, and traded illegally. To overcome the above problems it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the type of feed in the hope of helping the conservation of these animals, especially in captivity. The purpose of this research is to study the types of plants as cuscus that live in captivity of Lumoli Village, West Seram District. This research begins with the observation of the type of kursus that lives in captivity of Lumoli Village. Study of feed type, depiction, and analysis. The results showed 44 species of plants in the village of Lumoli West Seram District, Maluku can be used as cuscus feed in captivity. Very good plant part as Source of Feed is young leaf of 28 species of plant (63,63%), 25 species (56,81%) are fruits, 4 species (9,09%) are flowers, 3 species (6,81 %) is a young shoot. The level of palatability of the cuscus indicates that the brown cuscus and white cuscus correspond to 43 plant species (97.72%) and can not be done 1 plant species (2.27%) (water apple), while the spotted cuscus and the gray magic cuscus 43 (97.72 %) plant types and unlike 1 plant species (2.27%) (Tomi-tomi). The proximate test results showed the highest ash content was available in the gray cuscus (18.95%) and the lowest in brown couscous (11.41%), the highest crude protein content in the gray cuscus (28.01%) and the lowest in white cuscus (23, 64%), crude fat content in cuscus totol (4.92%) and lowest in gray cuscus (2.93%), crude fiber content in gray cuscus (27.99%) and lowest in brown cuscus (21, 68% ). Can be concluded there are 44 types of forest plants that can be consumed either in the form of young leaves, fruit, flowers and young shoots. Further research is needed on additional types of feed for the cuscus in captivity

Kajian Fenotip Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) Di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Kecamatan Piru, Maluku

Kuskus merupakan satwa Australia (marsupial) yang termasuk dalam famili Phalangeridae danpersebarannya terbatas di Indonesia bagian Timur, Australia dan Papua New Guinea. Melalui data IUCN, kuskus dikategorikan endangered spesies, dalam CITES digolongkan Appendiks II. Populasi kuskus semakin menurun akibat ancaman deforestrasi, banyak diburu untuk dikonsumsi, dan diperjualbelikan secara ilegal. Untuk mengatasi persoalan diatas maka perlu dilakukan kajian komprehensif tentang fenotip kuskus dengan harapan dapat membantu USAha konservasi satwa ini di masa mendatang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis serta sifat fenotip berdasarkan warna rambut kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran Desa Lumoli Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Maluku. Penelitian ini diawali dengan tahap identifikasi dan karakterisasi setiap spesies secara fenotip melalui tampilan warna rambut. Karakter fenotip disajikan melalui gambar dan tabel, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi fenotip menunjukkan terdapat empat spesies kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran desa Lumoli yakni, kuskus coklat (P.orientalis), kuskus putih (P.urinus), kuskus kelabu (P.vestitus), dan kuskus totol (S.maculatus)

Polymorphism of Growth Hormone (GH) Gene in Lakor Goat from Lakor Island of Southwest Maluku Regency

Lakor goat survive in Lakor island in Southwest Maluku with high temperature and limited water. Growth trait in goat is interest to explore cause related with economic trait that encoded by growth hormone (GH) gene. The aim of this study was identify of polymorphism GH gene of Lakor goat in Lakor island. A total of 63 samples were collected from three locations (village) i.e Ketti Letpey (18), Werwawan-Yamluli (26), and Letoda (19). DNA was extracted from hair follicles. A 422 bp specific DNA fragment was successfully amplified and genotyped by PCR-RFLP method using HaeIII enzyme. Results showed that polymorphism was found with two variant of genotypes (AA and AB) and two alleles (A and B). AB genotype was dominant in all of populations (93.7%) with A and B alleles were 0.53 and 0.47, respectively. Heterozygosity observed and expected value reached 0.502 and 0.498, respectively while Polymorphic Information Content was in moderate values (0.374). All of populations were in disequilibrium genetic. It maybe caused limited buck and nonrandom mating in population that effect of low genetic variation. Inbreeding study are needed to explore it. The introgression of bucks from other families in several locations within Lakor island can be an alternative solution to increase the genetic diversity of the lakor goat population

Kajian Fenotip Kuskus (Famili Phalangeridae) di Penangkaran Desa Lumoli, Kecamatan Piru, Maluku

Kuskus merupakan satwa Australia (marsupial) yang termasuk dalam famili Phalangeridae danpersebarannya terbatas di Indonesia bagian Timur, Australia dan Papua New Guinea. Melalui data IUCN, kuskus dikategorikan endangered spesies, dalam CITES digolongkan Appendiks II. Populasi kuskus semakin menurun akibat ancaman deforestrasi, banyak diburu untuk dikonsumsi, dan diperjualbelikan secara ilegal. Untuk mengatasi persoalan diatas maka perlu dilakukan kajian komprehensif tentang fenotip kuskus dengan harapan dapat membantu usaha konservasi satwa ini di masa mendatang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui jenis serta sifat fenotip berdasarkan warna rambut kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran Desa Lumoli Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat, Maluku. Penelitian ini diawali dengan tahap identifikasi dan karakterisasi setiap spesies secara fenotip melalui tampilan warna rambut. Karakter fenotip disajikan melalui gambar dan tabel, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian karakterisasi fenotip menunjukkan terdapat empat spesies kuskus yang hidup di penangkaran desa Lumoli yakni, kuskus coklat (P.orientalis), kuskus putih (P.urinus), kuskus kelabu (P.vestitus), dan kuskus totol (S.maculatus)

In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial of Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia husor

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action