Оценка готовности транспортной инфраструктуры города Санкт-Петербург для электротранспорта

The article presents an assessment of electric vehicle readiness of the transport infrastructure of the city of St. Petersburg. The relevance of the topic is obvious since today there is an active growth in the electric vehicle market, and its further development is on the official agenda of the transport industry. It is noted that the active use of electric vehicles in Russia implies the corresponding development of infrastructure, especially in such large cities as St. Petersburg.The authors have described core studies on the prerequisites and prospects for development of the electric vehicle market and relevant transport infrastructure. The analysis of various factors for popularisation of electric vehicles allowed to conclude that scientific literature does not contain fully developed methodology for assessing the rate of electric vehicle readiness of the transport infrastructure. The most significant factors influencing the scaling of electric vehicles have been identified and analysed allowing to identify criteria and indicators for assessing the electric vehicle readiness of infrastructure, to determine the weight of each criterion and to carry out an analysis of the current state of the urban infrastructure. Achieving of the objective of the research which is the assessment of electric vehicle readiness of the transport infrastructure of the city of St. Petersburg, was facilitated by authors’ system approach, analysis, integrated and expert assessments.The methodology for calculating the rate of readiness to use new transport solutions comprises assessment of four components. The analysis of scientific works helped to identify the factors influencing development and popularisation of electric vehicles. It was revealed that the most significant factor determining the pace of dissemination of electric vehicles is the availability of infrastructure.The conclusion is made about the better development in the city of such elements as operation of an electric charging stations (ECS) and an information system. The calculation of final assessment of the transport infrastructure of St. Petersburg is shown in the table.The study has allowed to obtain a general assessment of the electric vehicle readiness of the transport infrastructure, as well as to assess each element of electric vehicle system.В статье представлена оценка готовности транспортной инфраструктуры г. Санкт-Петербург для электротранспорта. Актуальность темы очевидна, так как сегодня наблюдается активный рост рынка электротранспорта, а его дальнейшее развитие входит в официальную повестку транспортной отрасли. Поясняется, что активное использование электротранспорта в России предполагает соответствующее развитие инфраструктуры, особенно в таких крупных городах, как Санкт-Петербург.Авторами дана характеристика основных исследований, посвящённых предпосылкам и перспективам развития рынка электротранспорта и транспортной инфраструктуры.Проведён анализ различных факторов популяризации электротранспорта, сделан вывод об отсутствии в научной литературе сложившейся методики оценки уровня готовности транспортной инфраструктуры для электротранспорта.Выявлены и проанализированы наиболее значимые факторы, влияющие на масштабирование электротранспорта, определены критерии и показатели оценки готовности инфраструктуры для электротранспорта, определён вес каждого критерия, проведён текущий анализ состояния инфраструктуры.Достижению цели исследования – проведению оценки готовности транспортной инфраструктуры г. Санкт-Петербурга для электротранспорта, способствовали оригинальный системный подход, анализ, интегральная и экспертная оценки.Представленная методика расчёта индекса готовности к использованию новых транспортных решений включает оценку четырёх компонентов. На основе анализа научных работ выделены факторы, влияющие на развитие и популяризацию электротранспорта. Выявлено, что наиболее существенным фактором, определяющим темпы масштабирования электротранспорта, является наличие инфраструктуры.Сделан вывод о наибольшем развитии таких элементов, как работа электрической заправочной станции (ЭЗС) и информационной системы. Расчёт итоговой оценки транспортной инфраструктуры г. Санкт-Петербург приведён в таблице.На основе проведённого анализа была получена общая оценка готовности транспортной инфраструктуры к масштабированию электротранспорта, а также оценки каждого элемента электротранспорта

Do wild titi monkeys show empathy?

We observed a putative case of empathy among wild black-fronted titi monkeys (Callicebus nigrifrons) from two different groups (D and R). In over 10 years of behavioural observations of five habituated groups of this species, only low levels of inter-group tolerance have been observed. However, on one day, we encountered the adult male from group D limping (poor hind limb motor coordination) as he travelled alone along the ground. Interestingly, we observed that members of group R did not express any agonistic behaviour towards this neighbouring male and apparently allowed this disabled individual to follow them in the forest for over 5 h. They stayed low in the forest (<2m above the ground) and <10m horizontally from the individual, and remained in visual contact with him. At the end of the day, this male from group D slept in the sleeping site of group R and was groomed by the adult female of group R. Such tolerance between members of different groups has never been previously observed in this species. Furthermore, group R exposed themselves to increased predation risk by staying close to the ground for protracted periods. The behaviour of group R could be interpreted by as a putative case of empathic responding in this species

Cognitive outcomes in Hurler syndrome following transplant before age 12 months

Faculty advisor: Julie EisengartThis research was supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP)

SPATIAL ORGANIZATION OF INDUSTRIAL TOURISM OBJECTS: CASE OF THE KEMEROVO REGION – KUZBASS

In recent years, the industrialized regions of Russia have faced the need to diversify the economy and develop new industries. The advantage of such regions is that they can use their industrial heritage to develop primarily industrial tourism. The purpose of the article is to analyze the spatial organization of industrial tourism objects on the territory of the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass. The authors analyze the approaches to the essence of the concept of "industrial tourism", study international and Russian experience in the development of industrial areas and assess the state of industrial tourism in the region with the help of SWOT-analysis method. Authors also identify the potential objects of industrial tourism and analyze their spatial organization. With the help of the QGIS 3.20 program, thematic map-scheme of the location of industrial tourism objects has been made. The conclusions about the prospects and directions of development of industrial tourism in the Kemerovo region – Kuzbass are made

Empirical agent-based modelling of everyday pro-environmental behaviours at work

We report on agent-based modelling work in the LOCAW project (Low Carbon at Work: Modelling Agents and Organisations to Achieve Transition to a Low Carbon Europe). The project explored the effectiveness of various backcasting scenarios conducted with case study organisations in bringing about pro-environmental change in the workforce in the domains of transport, energy use and waste. The model used qualitative representations of workspaces in formalising each scenario, and decision trees learned from questionnaire responses to represent decision-making. We describe the process by which the decision trees were constructed, noting that the use of decision trees in agent-based models requires particular considerations owing to the potential use of explanatory variables in model dynamics. The results of the modelling in various scenarios emphasise the importance of structural environmental changes in facilitating everyday pro-environmental behaviour, but also show there is a role for psychological variables such as norms, values and efficacy. As such, the topology of social interactions is a potentially important driver, raising the interesting prospect that both workplace geography and organisational hierarchy have a role to play in influencing workplace pro-environmental behaviours

A modified hyperplane clustering algorithm allows for efficient and accurate clustering of extremely large datasets

Motivation: As the number of publically available microarray experiments increases, the ability to analyze extremely large datasets across multiple experiments becomes critical. There is a requirement to develop algorithms which are fast and can cluster extremely large datasets without affecting the cluster quality. Clustering is an unsupervised exploratory technique applied to microarray data to find similar data structures or expression patterns. Because of the high input/output costs involved and large distance matrices calculated, most of the algomerative clustering algorithms fail on large datasets (30 000 + genes/200 + arrays). In this article, we propose a new two-stage algorithm which partitions the high-dimensional space associated with microarray data using hyperplanes. The first stage is based on the Balanced Iterative Reducing and Clustering using Hierarchies algorithm with the second stage being a conventional k-means clustering technique. This algorithm has been implemented in a software tool (HPCluster) designed to cluster gene expression data. We compared the clustering results using the two-stage hyperplane algorithm with the conventional k-means algorithm from other available programs. Because, the first stage traverses the data in a single scan, the performance and speed increases substantially. The data reduction accomplished in the first stage of the algorithm reduces the memory requirements allowing us to cluster 44 460 genes without failure and significantly decreases the time to complete when compared with popular k-means programs. The software was written in C# (.NET 1.1)

Cesium, iodine and tritium in NW Pacific waters - a comparison of the Fukushima impact with global fallout

Radionuclide impact of the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident on the distribution of radionuclides in seawater of the NW Pacific Ocean is compared with global fallout from atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons. Surface and water column samples collected during the <i>Ka'imikai-o-Kanaloa</i> (<i>KOK</i>) international expedition carried out in June 2011 were analyzed for ¹³⁴Cs, ¹³⁷Cs, ¹²⁹I and ³H. The ¹³⁷Cs, ¹²⁹I and ³H levels in surface seawater offshore Fukushima varied between 0.002–3.5 Bq L⁻¹, 0.01–0.8 μBq L⁻¹, and 0.05–0.15 Bq L⁻¹, respectively. At the sampling site about 40 km from the coast, where all three radionuclides were analyzed, the Fukushima impact on the levels of these three radionuclides represents an increase above the global fallout background by factors of about 1000, 50 and 3, respectively. The water column data indicate that the transport of Fukushima-derived radionuclides downward to the depth of 300 m has already occurred. The observed ¹³⁷Cs levels in surface waters and in the water column are compared with predictions obtained from the ocean general circulation model, which indicates that the Kuroshio Current acts as a southern boundary for the transport of the radionuclides, which have been transported from the Fukushima coast eastward in the NW Pacific Ocean. The ¹³⁷Cs inventory in the water column is estimated to be about 2.2 PBq, what can be regarded as a lower limit of the direct liquid discharges into the sea as the seawater sampling was carried out only in the area from 34 to 37° N, and from 142 to 147° E. About 4.6 GBq of ¹²⁹I was deposited in the NW Pacific Ocean, and 2.4–7 GBq of ¹²⁹I was directly discharged as liquid wastes into the sea offshore Fukushima. The total amount of ³H released and deposited over the NW Pacific Ocean was estimated to be 0.1–0.5 PBq. These estimations depend, however, on the evaluation of the total ¹³⁷Cs activities released as liquid wastes directly into the sea, which should improve when more data are available. Due to a suitable residence time in the ocean, Fukushima-derived radionuclides will provide useful tracers for isotope oceanography studies on the transport of water masses during the next decades in the NW Pacific Ocean

The Large Enriched Germanium Experiment for Neutrinoless Double Beta Decay (LEGEND)

The observation of neutrinoless double-beta decay (0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$) would show that lepton number is violated, reveal that neutrinos are Majorana particles, and provide information on neutrino mass. A discovery-capable experiment covering the inverted ordering region, with effective Majorana neutrino masses of 15 - 50 meV, will require a tonne-scale experiment with excellent energy resolution and extremely low backgrounds, at the level of $\sim$0.1 count /(FWHM$\cdot$t$\cdot$yr) in the region of the signal. The current generation $^{76}$Ge experiments GERDA and the MAJORANA DEMONSTRATOR utilizing high purity Germanium detectors with an intrinsic energy resolution of 0.12%, have achieved the lowest backgrounds by over an order of magnitude in the 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ signal region of all 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ experiments. Building on this success, the LEGEND collaboration has been formed to pursue a tonne-scale $^{76}$Ge experiment. The collaboration aims to develop a phased 0${\nu}{\beta}{\beta}$ experimental program with discovery potential at a half-life approaching or at $10^{28}$ years, using existing resources as appropriate to expedite physics results.Comment: Proceedings of the MEDEX'17 meeting (Prague, May 29 - June 2, 2017

Assessing the potential of environmental DNA metabarcoding for monitoring Neotropical mammals : a case study in the Amazon and Atlantic Forest, Brazil

The application of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool has greatly increased in the last decade. However, most studies have focused on aquatic macro-organisms in temperate areas (e.g., fishes). We apply eDNA metabarcoding to detect the mammalian community in two high-biodiversity regions of Brazil, the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. We identified critically endangered and endangered mammalian species in the Atlantic Forest and Amazon respectively and found overlap with species identified via camera trapping in the Atlantic Forest. In light of our results, we highlight the potential and challenges of eDNA monitoring for mammals in these highly biodiverse regions

Randomized comparison of gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin versus dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin chemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed and refractory aggressive lymphomas: NCIC-CTG LY.12

PURPOSE: For patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma, we hypothesized that gemcitabine-based therapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is as effective as and less toxic than standard treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We randomly assigned 619 patients with relapsed/refractory aggressive lymphoma to treatment with gemcitabine, dexamethasone, and cisplatin (GDP) or to dexamethasone, cytarabine, and cisplatin (DHAP). Patients with B-cell lymphoma also received rituximab. Responding patients proceeded to stem-cell collection and ASCT. Coprimary end points were response rate after two treatment cycles and transplantation rate. The noninferiority margin for the response rate to GDP relative to DHAP was set at 10%. Secondary end points included event-free and overall survival, treatment toxicity, and quality of life. RESULTS: For the intention-to-treat population, the response rate with GDP was 45.2%; with DHAP the response rate was 44.0% (95% CI for difference, -9.0% to 6.7%), meeting protocol-defined criteria for noninferiority of GDP (P = .005). Similar results were obtained in a per-protocol analysis. The transplantation rates were 52.1% with GDP and 49.3% with DHAP (P = .44). At a median follow-up of 53 months, no differences were detected in event-free survival (HR, 0.99; stratified log-rank P = .95) or overall survival (HR, 1.03; P = .78) between GDP and DHAP. Treatment with GDP was associated with less toxicity (P < .001) and need for hospitalization (P < .001), and preserved quality of life (P = .04). CONCLUSION: For patients with relapsed or refractory aggressive lymphoma, in comparison with DHAP, treatment with GDP is associated with a noninferior response rate, similar transplantation rate, event-free survival, and overall survival, less toxicity and hospitalization, and superior quality of life