A socioeconomic analysis of nonmigrants, return migrants, and primary migrants in Putnam County, Tennessee

The objectives of this study were to (1)determine the differences in socioeconomic characteristics of 332 male households by place where reared: Putnam County natives, natives from adjacent counties and natives of other areas; (2) determine the differences in socioeconomic characteristics of 332 male household heads by migrant type: nonmigrants, return migrants and primary migrants and (3) determine the migration patterns and the reasons for moving for return migrants and primary migrants. Analyses were done for socioeconomic characteristics on variables age, education, income, home items or level of living, and occupation. Analyses of individuals by place where reared for the three groups revealed significant differences on all the variables except age. No significant differences existed between Putnam County natives and natives of adjacent counties for any of the five variables analyzed. Analyses of heads by migrant type showed significant differences only on age and education between the three groups. Significant differences existed between primary and return migrants on occupation before final move to Putnam County. Analysis of migration patterns showed a high rate of residential mobility among both primary and return migrant groups. Analysis of reasons for moving showed a majority of return migrants giving miscellaneous reasons whereas a majority of primary migrants gave economic reasons for the move. In conclusion, development and policy implications were briefly discusse

The Removal and Recovery of Oxo-Anions from Aqueous Systems using Nano-Porous Silica Polyamine Composites

Environmental contamination due to anthropogenic wastewater discharges containing high concentrations of toxic metals is omnipresent in the environment. Heavy metal ions from manufacturing sources can compromise the integrity of various ecological cycles as well as negatively impacting the health of humans through drinking water and the food chain. Increased levels of well known poisonous metals such as arsenic, selenium, lead and mercury are frequently detected in aqueous wastes. Arsenic and selenium are highly toxic elements to human health and the environment. The Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) for both these toxic metals continue to become more and more stringent. Although there are several metal remediation technologies available commercially, most of them are not feasible and/or are very expensive. The ferrihydrite process (precipitation with iron (III) oxyhydroxides) is by far the most economical and effective of these technologies and has been widely employed on a large scale. However, it has the significant disadvantage of creating a large amount of sludge for ultimate disposal and leaching of colloidal iron oxides into aquifers. The other methods suffer from a lack of specificity, low selectivity over sulfate (ion exchange), low mass-to-volume concentrations (bio-reduction), and/or high cost (membrane technologies). This led us to the development of silica polyamine composites (SPCs) functionalized with metal selective ligands for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater streams. High capacities were obtained for arsenic, selenium, molybdenum, and tungsten oxoanions by immobilizing zirconium on the phosphonic acid modified SPC (BPAP). The oxo-anions of these metals bind to the net positive charge on the zirconium, thereby removing them from the wastewater stream and reducing the metal concentrations below their respective MCLs. These silica polyamine composites can also be acid stripped and regenerated for reuse. This aspect is very useful in commercial applications where the toxic metal ions can be selectively extracted and efficiently recovered from acid mine drainage in the presence of high sulfate concentrations, and in their removal from seawater systems. Alkylated SPCs tested for the removal of bacteria and viruses from drinking water systems have also shown promise. Further characterization of the SPCs are being carried out using surface analytical techniques and the SPC chemistry is being extended for applications on surface oxidized silicon wafers

Effect of thermal effluent discharge on benthic fauna off Tuticorin bay, south east coast of India

Benthic fauna of Tuticorin bay in relation to thermal effluent discharge was studied for a period of two years (March 1990 to April 1992). Station I situated closer to thermal effluent discharging site was characterised by high water temperature (surface mean 38.92°C, Bottom mean 3S.S6 °C), low dissolved oxygen (surface mean 3.79±O.29 mill) ami high percentage of sand (mean sand 87.96%, mean silt 7.57%, mean clay 4 .8

Review of the safety, efficacy and patient acceptability of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system

The levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system is an extremely effective, reversible and safe form of long-term yet reversible birth control. In view of its efficacy, it is a safer alternative to permanent contraceptive methods such as sterilization. It is especially useful in situations where use of estrogen-containing contraceptives is contraindicated. While menstrual disturbances are a common side effect, proper counseling improves compliance. In addition to its contraceptive effect, the levonorgestrel intrauterine system offers potential therapeutic benefits in other clinical contexts, including menorrhagia, symptomatic fibroids, endometriosis, and endometrial protection

Concomitant dimorphism and helical self-assembly in a C<SUB>2h</SUB>-symmetric 'locked' cyclitol

A conformationally locked C2h symmetric tetrol concomitantly crystallized in two polymorphic modifications, differing principally in the mode of molecular association by C-H&#183;&#183;&#183;O hydrogen bonds; the non-centrosymmetric tetragonal polymorph exhibits two complementary helical molecular arrangements mediated by O-H&#183;&#183;&#183;O and C-H&#183;&#183;&#183;O hydrogen bonds

Additive induced polymorphous behavior of a conformationally locked hexol

The influence of molecular additives on the crystal structure adopted by a C2h symmetric, conformationally locked hexol 2 forms the object of the present study. It has been observed that the polycyclitol 2 crystallizes in two polymorphic (&#945; and &#946; forms) and one pseudopolymorphic (monohydrate) modification, depending on the presence and nature of the additive employed. Thus, with the sole exception of trimesic acid, which induces 2 to crystallize in the denser &#946; form, the molecular additives screened in this study either failed to promote polymorphism in 2 or caused it to crystallize as a monohydrate. The putative role of trimesic acid in providing an alternate crystallization pathway to the polyol 2 has been discussed

Influence of peat and amount and frequency of rain on the mobility of alachlor and terbuthylazine

The influence of different levels of peat and amount and frequency of simulated rain on the mobility of alachlor and terbuthylazine in soil was investigated under greenhouse conditions. Movement of the two herbicides down the soil profile) assessed by bioassay using Cucumis sativus) was inversely related to the organic matter content of the soil) but the amount and frequency of rain directly influenced the extent of leaching of the herbicides. In general) terbuthylazine was less mobile than alachlor in the two soils studied) namely Serdang and Selangor series. The phytotoxic levels of terbuthylazine were restricted to the 0 - 15 cm zone in both soils when 640 ml simulated rain was applied over 16 days. Alachlor) on the other hand) moved to depths of20 and 30 cm in Selangor and Serdang series) respectively) when soil columns were exposed to the same watering treatment

Success in hatchery development of seabass and its potential for commercial cage culture in India

Brackishwater fish farming is considered as one of the potential areas not only as a source for fish production but also ensures the food security, livelihood for coastal community, business opportunity for entrepreneurs and also can earn foreign exchange. Coastal aquaculture has grown tremendously in early 1990s with farming of single species, the tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon. However, the shrimp farming faced severe set back due to outbreak of viral diseases coupled with social and other environmental issues. To overcome these issues, it is important to introduce some of the remedial measures in order to revive the aquaculture industry to achieve the sustainable production and one such measure clearly visible is the diversification of brackishwater aquaculture with fish species. It is evident that crop rotation can also decrease the risk of disease outbreak in the pond system

A Scoping Review of the Hospitality Industry and Tertiary Partnership to Prepare Work-ready Graduates

This paper is a literature review, aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the collaboration between the hospitality higher educational sector and the industry to prepare work-ready graduates. A scoping review of 111 research papers published between April 2000 and September 2021 in reputable hospitality and tourism journals was conducted. Research revealed different perceptions between industry employers, educators, and students about competencies required of entry-level hospitality employees. Previous studies confirmed the positive impact of the industry-university collaboration on enhancing hospitality graduates’ employability. The work-integrated model has been widely implemented to develop hospitality students’ skill sets. Thus, hospitality higher education institutions need to adapt to the constantly changing business environment and present graduates with sufficient industry knowledge and skills. This study adds to the current literature on hospitality competencies expected from tertiary education graduates and highlights the appropriate methods to ensure effective industry-academia partnership. Generally, hospitality students and educators place more value on industry knowledge and technical skills. Hospitality tertiary educators should, thus, seek industry inputs more proactively to redesign their education programs, and industry professionals should engage and offer more support to higher education institutions to raise the quality of potential candidates