Islam Dan Hubungan Antarnegara

Babak baru sejarah Islam dimulai tatkala Nabi tiba dan diterima penduduk Yatsrib (Madinah), Nabi resmi menjadi pemimpin penduduk kota, bukan saja kepala agama, tetapi juga sebagai kepala negara. Dengan kata lain di dalam diri Nabi terkumpul dua kekuasaan, kekuasaan spritual dan kekuasaan duniawi. Kedududkannya sebagai rasul secara otomatis merupakan kepala negara

MasakhaNEWS:News Topic Classification for African languages

African languages are severely under-represented in NLP research due to lack of datasets covering several NLP tasks. While there are individual language specific datasets that are being expanded to different tasks, only a handful of NLP tasks (e.g. named entity recognition and machine translation) have standardized benchmark datasets covering several geographical and typologically-diverse African languages. In this paper, we develop MasakhaNEWS -- a new benchmark dataset for news topic classification covering 16 languages widely spoken in Africa. We provide an evaluation of baseline models by training classical machine learning models and fine-tuning several language models. Furthermore, we explore several alternatives to full fine-tuning of language models that are better suited for zero-shot and few-shot learning such as cross-lingual parameter-efficient fine-tuning (like MAD-X), pattern exploiting training (PET), prompting language models (like ChatGPT), and prompt-free sentence transformer fine-tuning (SetFit and Cohere Embedding API). Our evaluation in zero-shot setting shows the potential of prompting ChatGPT for news topic classification in low-resource African languages, achieving an average performance of 70 F1 points without leveraging additional supervision like MAD-X. In few-shot setting, we show that with as little as 10 examples per label, we achieved more than 90\% (i.e. 86.0 F1 points) of the performance of full supervised training (92.6 F1 points) leveraging the PET approach

The first non-heart-beating organ donor in Hawaii--medical and ethical considerations.

The shortage of organ donors remains a major obstacle in transplantation in Hawaii. Some patients die while waiting for a life-saving organ. Across the nation, "marginal" donors, including non-heart-beating donors are used. The authors describe the first successful non-heart-beating organ donor transplant in Hawaii, and include medical and ethical considerations

A Unique Case of Caroli Disease in Kenya's Medical Landscape

Background: If a young patient presents with fever, abdominal pain, jaundice and significant imaging abnormalities, especially dilation of the biliary system, it is usually due to obstruction from stones or strictures. However, on very rare occasions, it can be due to complications of congenital cystic dilatation of the biliary system, known as Caroli disease. We present such a patient and discuss the differential diagnosis and implications for long-term management. Case Report: A 14-year-old boy presented to the Emergency Department with a sudden onset of high-grade fever and abdominal pain for 2 weeks, accompanied by vomiting of blood. The patient had no relevant medical history. He was malnourished and had moderate pallor, jaundice, and right upper quadrant pain. Imaging revealed cystic dilatation of intrahepatic ducts and a central dot sign. There were no features suggesting advanced liver disease otherwise, and no tumors or cysts in the kidneys. A diagnosis of Caroli disease was made. The symptoms were ascribed to acute cholangitis and improved with antibiotics. He was discharged home 1 week later. No further blood loss was observed. Conclusions: This case study describes a patient with ascending cholangitis, a complication of Caroli disease. This diagnosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a child or young adult presents with features of cholangitis, abnormal biliary imaging, and/or upper gastrointestinal bleeding, or portal hypertension. No prior cases of this disease have been encountered, documented, or published in Kenya. This case can increase awareness among primary care clinicians, including pediatricians

Parametric study of the combined fuel cell-gas turbine power plant

ABSTRACT Large scale electrical power generation faces two serious problems: (i) energy conservation; and (ii) protection of the environment. High temperatures fuel cells have the potential to deal with both problems. The heat rejected by the fuel cell that would otherwise be wasted may be recovered to power a gas turbine in order to improve the energy conversion efficiency as well as power output of the combined fuel cellgas turbine power plant. The added advantage of this approach would be to reduce thermal loading and the emission of greenhouse gases per MW electrical power generated. Serious research is being carried out worldwide to commercialise the fuel cell nevertheless there is still ample scope for studying the application of high temperature fuel cells in combination with the gas turbine for large scale electrical power generation. This paper presents the results of a parametric study of the fuel cell-gas turbine power plant to generate electricity. The paper should be of considerable interest to the designers and applications engineers working in power generation industry and other public utilities. The authors hope that the paper would lead to a stimulating discussion

Predictors of maternal mortality in institutional deliveries in Nigeria

Background: Maternal mortality in poor countries reflects the under-development in these societies. Global recognition of the burden of maternal mortality and the urgency for a reversal of the trend underpin the Millenium Development Goals (MDGs). Objective: To determine risk factors for maternal mortality in institutional births in Nigeria. Method: Twenty one health facilities in three states were selected using stratified multi-stage cluster sampling strategy. Information on all delivered mothers and their newborn infants within a three-month period was culled from medical records. Results: A total of 9 208 deliveries were recorded. About one-fifth (20.5%) of women had no antenatal care while 79.5% had at least one antenatal visit during pregnancy. Four-fifths (80.5%) of all deliveries were normal deliveries. Elective and emergency caesarean section rates were 3.1% and 11.5% respectively. There were 79 maternal deaths and 8 526 live births, giving a maternal mortality ratio of 927 maternal deaths per 100 000 live births. No antenatal care, parity, level of education, and mode of delivery were significantly associated with maternal mortality. Low maternal education, high parity, emergency caesarean delivery, and high risk patients risk independently predicted maternal mortality. Conclusion: Meeting goal five of the MDGs remains a major challenge in Nigeria. Multi-sectoral approaches and focused political will are needed to revert the high maternal mortality