Morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships among Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829) populations using morphological characters

In this study, the morphometric diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Iranian honey bee populations, were investigated using 14 morphometric characteristics. A total of 2250 young adult worker bees from 20 different populations in 20 different provinces of Iran were collected during June to October 2014. The results of nested analysis of variance showed that there were significant differences (P<0.01) between the provinces for all analyzed morphometric traits indicating the existence of a diversity among them. Correlation coefficient analysis showed a high degree of association among the most of the traits. This correlation coefficient should be a putative mean to improve of certain characters in breeding of honey bee. Principal component analysis revealed three principal components explained 81.5% of the total variation. Cluster analysis using WARD method classified honey bee populations into two main groups. The first group includes the honey bees collected from North, Northwest and West portions of Iran. The second group was represented by the honey bees from Eastern North, Central and Southern regions of Iran. The phylogenetic tree based on UPGMA method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch)

Genetic Variation in Iranian Honey bees, Apis mellifera meda Skorikow, 1829, (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Inferred from PCR-RFLP Analysis of two mtDNA Gene Segments (COI and 16S rDNA)

In this study, the genetic structure of Iranian honey bee (Apis mellifera meda) populations, mainly obtained from all of regions, were investigated at two different mitochondrial regions. A total of 300 worker bees were collected from 20 different populations in 20 different locations. Portions of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rDNA) and cytochrome C oxidase I (COI) genes were amplified by PCR and then subjected to RFLP pattern analysis using 8 restriction enzymes. Nucleotide polymorphisms were revealed using restriction enzyme Sau3A I, Ssp I and Taq I in COI and Bsp143I, Ssp I and Dra I in the 16S rDNA gene segment. In this study, 3 novel composite genotypes (haplotypes) were found in Iranian honey bee populations. The average haplotype diversity (h) within populations was 0.0405. Heterozygosity values, Shannon index and the number of alleles of Iranian honey bee populations were low that could be caused by low definite geographic structure of Iranian honey bee populations. Genetic distance (D) values were found to be low (0.0–0.0011) within Iranian honey bee populations. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA method revealed that all populations and samples groups be in one cluster. Also, the phylogenetic tree based on Neighbor-joining method divided 29 subspecies of honey bee to 5 distinct clusters. The Iranian subspecies honey bee composed of a shared clade with subspecies of Eastern Mediterranean, Near East and Eastern parts of Middle East (O branch). This result is very useful for the control of conservation of local honey bees, as the movement of colonies across the border line of these neighboring countries, may affect the genetic structure of honey bee populations.

Feasibility Cultivation of Camelina (Camelina sativa) as Medicinal-Oil Plant in Rainfed Conditions in Kermanshah-Iran's First Report

In Iran, more than 90% of raw materials including oils and oil seeds are provided through import. Camelina sativa L. as an oilseed crop, belongs to Brassicaceae family, has been shown in several experiments that need very little water and resistant to chilling injury than other plant oils, especially canola. This Experiment was conducted at research station of Campus of Agriculture and Natural Resources in growing season 2013-2014. Seeds of C. sativa, DH1025 line, were cultivated in two sowing dates (6 November and 16November), with a row spacing of 20 cm and 3 cm between plants in a 3-square-meter plots in three replicates at each date. The results of the analysis of variance showed that two different treatments were significant difference for all the traits measured apart from the number of seeds per pod, number of branches, number of pods per plant, number of pods per branch, number of seeds per pod and plant height. The highest yield and biomass was observed in first planting date (6 November) with 217.667 and 514.33 g/m2, respectively.  Feasibility cultivation of C. sativa as a new medicinal-oil plant in rainfed conditions in Kermanshah was the major purpose of this investigation

A study on the qualitative and quantitative traits of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and narbon vetch (Vicia narbonensis L.) in intercropping and sole cropping system under the interference and control of weeds in dry land farming...

In order to investigate the effect of intercropping and sole cropping of barley and narbon vetch with weed control and interference conditions on their qualitative and quantitative traits, this experiment was conducted with 5 levels of intercropping (seed contribution): sole cropping of narbon vetch, 75:25 (narbon vetch : barley), 50:50, 25:75 and sole cropping of barley. Two levels of weed control and weed interference in row replacement series system in the form of factorial was designed with Randomized Complete Blocked Design (RCBD) in 3 replications in the College of Agriculture, Lorestan University, from 2006 - 2007. Results showed that the interaction of weed and the contribution of complementary components of intercropping has significant effect on crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibers (NDF) content in barley. Maximum CP and NDF were related to sole cropping of barley (infected by weeds), and maximum CP with minimum NDF were related to (narbon vetch: barley) 75:25 treatment, so that 31% of CP decreased in sole cropping of barley (infected by weeds) when compared with 75:25 combination. NDF percentage in sole cropping increased to 16.6%, therefore 25:75 (narbon vetch: barley) combination was better than the others. So, in order to get proper percentage of protein and digestibility of forage for livestock, 75:25 (infected by weeds) combination is better, especially the combination of 25:75 (infected by weeds), due to its high protein content. The highest and lowest dry forage production of barley were related to its sole cropping (a control which is equal to 3.75 t/ha) and 75:25 barley (infected by weeds that are equal to 1.59 t/ha), respectively.Keywords: Qualitative and quantitative, barley, narbon vetch, weed, dry lan

The response of corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars to row spacing under weed interference condition

This study was carried out in order to study the response of corn cultivars to row spacing and weed interference at the Research Farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Faculty, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran in 2011. The experiment was a split block factorial based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Factors consisted of three corn cultivars ('KSC 704', 'Simon' and 'Maxima') and three plant row spacings (45, 60 and 75 cm) under weeded and un-weeded conditions for all of the growing season. Results indicated that for all three corn cultivars, the highest weed dry mass occurred in the row spacing of 75 cm. Weed interference throughout the growing season reduced corn grain yield by 20 %. This condition also significantly decreased corn yield components except the 100-seed mass. Increasing plant row spacing increased weed density, while decreased corn yield by 16.5 %. Corn cultivars were significantly different in terms of the number of seed per ear and 100-seed mass, as 'KSC 704' and 'Simon' showed the highest values for these yield components, respectively. However, the number of ear per plant and grain yield were not significantly different between the corn cultivars under study.</p

Effects of sowing density on yield and yield components of irrigated bread wheat cultivars

Abstract. In order to determine effects of planting density on grain yield (GY), yield components and total dry matter (TDM) of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), three new released cultivars, namely: M-70-4, Niknejad and Mahdavi were subjected to four sowing density, 350, 400, 450 and 500 seed/m 2 during 2007-08, 2008-09 in Kermanshah province, western Iran. A factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications was used. Combined analysis of data showed no significant difference among cultivars and seed densities, but 400 seed.m -2 and Mahdavi cv. produced the highest GY. Mahdavi cv. produced the highest TDM, HI and 1000 kernel weight (TKW) also and ranked in A class. Interaction effects of seed density and cultivar was significant. Based on regression analysis, increasing of seed density resulted in increasing of BY and spikes.m -2 and decreasing of HI and seed/spike. There was no reduction in TKW due to increasing of seed density. It seems that under Kermanshah province, a 400 seed.m -2 is recommendable to wheat growers and Mahdavi cv. will perform better than other genotypes

Effect of genotype on androgenesis in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

Abstract. Current study was set up to determine the response of 12 Iranian winter diploid barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars to anther culture on solid FHG induction medium supplemented with 90 mg/l sucrose, 2 mg/l 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/l kinetin. For cold pretreatment each selected spike was kept in a refrigerator at 4 °C for 14 days. The experimental design consisted of a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Embryogenesis and green plant regeneration occurred in all genotypes. The number of embryoids and total plant regeneration as well as the numbers of green and albino plants regenerated per 100 anthers, was recorded. The results showed that genotype affected significantly on embryo induction, total plant regeneration, green and albino regeneration. Genotype No. 9 gives the best results for embryo production, green and total plant regeneration (74.792%, 7.293% and 17.29%, respectively). Linear correlation analysis showed a positive and significant (p&lt;0.01) relationship between embryo induction and green plant regeneration

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.Funding/Support: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management of Kuwait University and the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Dr Bhaskar acknowledges institutional support from the NSW Ministry of Health and NSW Health Pathology. Dr Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Dr Braithwaite acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute. Dr Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council ERC Starting Grant agreement No 848325. Dr Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, IP under the Norma Transitória grant DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Dr Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). Dr Glasbey is supported by a National Institute of Health Research Doctoral Research Fellowship. Dr Vivek Kumar Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council Australia. Dr Haque thanks Jazan University, Saudi Arabia for providing access to the Saudi Digital Library for this research study. Drs Herteliu, Pana, and Ausloos are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Dr Hugo received support from the Higher Education Improvement Coordination of the Brazilian Ministry of Education for a sabbatical period at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, between September 2019 and August 2020. Dr Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges funding by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship and National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship. Dr Jakovljevic acknowledges support through grant OI 175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Dr Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). Dr Md Nuruzzaman Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Dr Yun Jin Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). Dr Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Dr Loureiro was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under the Scientific Employment Stimulus–Institutional Call (CEECINST/00049/2018). Dr Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Dr Moosavi appreciates NIGEB's support. Dr Pati acknowledges support from the SIAN Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation & Research. Dr Rakovac acknowledges a grant from the government of the Russian Federation in the context of World Health Organization Noncommunicable Diseases Office. Dr Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Dr Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Drs Adithi Shetty and Unnikrishnan acknowledge support given by Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Pavanchand H. Shetty acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education for their research support. Dr Diego Augusto Santos Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq (302028/2018-8). Dr Zhu acknowledges the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas grant RP210042