Access to Prenatal Care and Mental Health in Pregnant Women during COVID-19: A Systematic Review

COVID-19 affected the world in many ways. Pregnant women were greatly impacted by a change in their access to prenatal care, from in-person care to telehealth methods, and social support being limited by social isolation. Compared with prevalence of anxiety and depression in pregnant women pre-COVID-19, pregnant women during COVID-19 reported higher levels of anxiety and depression symptoms due to the stress of circumstantial changes. The purpose of this systematic review is to review and critically appraise the evidence about access to prenatal care and mental health in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic. The following PICOT formatted question will be answered: In pregnant women, how does adequate access to prenatal care and mental health during COVID-19 compare with access and mental health pre-COVID? Systematic search methods using keywords resulted in selecting twenty-two research sources. Publications were clustered on the following commonalities: access to prenatal care and communication, and mental health and social support. Through critical appraisal of the evidence, recommendations developed include increased education, mental health screenings, and proper social support to improve outcomes of pregnant women

Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts

Changes in fertility characteristics and population structures in Southern and Eastern Europe: interrelationships and contexts Abstract There were significant changes in fertility characteristics and population structures between 1970 and 2020 in both Southern and Eastern Europe. This transition is associated with the concept of the second demographic transition by some authors. An unconventional methodology is used for its research in this thesis. Two three-dimensional scatter plots, which at the same time form unit cubes, are constructed using three selected indicators of both changes (fertility and structures). The distance between individual observations by examined years is interpreted as the dynamics of the transition of the given decades. The dynamics values from both scatter plots are then analyzed and compared with the others. The results show that changes between fertility characteristics and population structures are related to a certain extent, but the observed differences between regions or the specifics of some states complicate the generalization of this relationship. These conclusions also agree with the literature published so far. Key words: fertility, population structures, second demographic transition, data visualization, three-dimensional scatter plot Character count: 149 752Změny v charakteristikách plodnosti a strukturách obyvatelstva v jižní a východní Evropě: vzájemné vazby a souvislosti Abstrakt Mezi roky 1970 a 2020 došlo v jižní i východní Evropě k značným změnám charakteristik plodnosti a struktur obyvatelstva. Tato tranzice je některými autory spojována s konceptem druhého demografického přechodu. Pro její výzkum je v této práci použita netradiční metodika. Pomocí tří vybraných ukazatelů obou změn (plodnosti i struktur) jsou sestaveny dva trojrozměrné scatter ploty, které zároveň tvoří jednotkové krychle. Vzdálenost mezi jednotlivými pozorováními dle zkoumaných let je interpretována jako dynamika tranzice daných dekád. Hodnoty dynamiky z obou scatter plotů jsou následně analyzovány a porovnávány mezi sebou. Z výsledků vyplývá, že změny mezi charakteristikami plodnosti a strukturami obyvatelstva spolu do určité míry souvisejí, ale pozorované rozdíly mezi regiony či specifika některých států zobecnění tohoto vztahu komplikují. Tyto závěry se shodují i s doposud publikovanou literaturou. Klíčová slova: plodnost, struktury obyvatelstva, druhý demografický přechod, vizualizace dat, trojrozměrný scatter plot Počet znaků: 149 752Katedra demografie a geodemografieDepartment of Demography and GeodemographyFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Synthesis and Coordination Chemistry of Anionic Pnictogenylborane Derivatives

Reaction of the Lewis base stabilized parent phosphanylborane H2P-BH2-NMe3 (C1) with the phosphorus based nucleophile NaPH2 leads to the formation of the anionic chain like compound [Na(C12H24O6)][H2P-BH2-PH2] (C3) in the presence of 18-crown-6 (C12H24O6). The analog reaction with corresponding arsenic containing starting materials KAsH2 and H2As-BH2-NMe3 (C2) results in [K(C12H24O6)][H2As-BH2-AsH2] (C4). The phosphorus and arsenic mixed compound [Na(C12H24O6)] [H2P BH2-AsH2] (C5) is accessible by the reaction of arsanylborane (C2) with NaPH2. Reaction of C5 with a second equivalent of arsanylborane (C2) leads to elongation of the group 13/15 backbone under formation of [Na(C12H24O6)] [H2As BH2 PH2 BH2 AsH2] (C6). The reaction of phosphanylborane (C1) with NHCdipp (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) and subsequent refluxing in toluene leads to the formation of the cyclic compound [NHCdipp BH2 PH2 BH2 NHCdipp][P5B5H19] (C7) containing a n-butylcyclohexane-like anion. Reacting pnictogenides of the type NatBuEH with tert-butyl substituted pnictogenylboranes tBuEH BH2-NMe3 (C8: E = P, C9: E = As), lead to the corresponding three membered anionic derivatives [Na(C12H24O6)][tBuEH-BH2-tBuEH] (C10: E = P, C11: E = As) after subsequent addition of equivmolar amounts of 18-crown-6 (C12H24O6). To investigate the coordination behavior of three membered anionic chain like compounds, C3, C4, C10 and C11 as well as the five membered derivative C6 are reacted with [W(CO)4(nbd)] (nbd = bicyclo[2.2.1]hepta-2,5-diene). The resulting compounds [Na(C12H24O6)] [(CO)4W(H2P BH2 PH2)] (C12), [Na(C12H24O6)][(CO)4W(tBuPH-BH2-tBuPH)] (C15) and [Na(C12H24O6)] [(CO)4W(tBuAsH BH2 tBuAsH)] (C16) bear a four membered heterocycle. Compound [Na(C12H24O6)][(CO)4W(H2As-BH2-PH2-BH2-AsH2)] (C14) reveal a six membered and ([K(C12H24O6)][(CO)4W(H2As-BH2-AsH2)])2 (C13) an eight membered ring, respectively. In all cases the anionic chain like compounds serve as chelating ligands except of compound C13 in which the two [H2As-BH2-AsH2]- units serve as a linker connecting two W(CO)4 fragments. Reaction of the three membered anionic compound Na[H2P-BH2-PH2] (C3) with [Cu(MeCN)4][BF4] leads to the coordination product [Cu2Na2(thf)4(H2P-BH2-PH2)4] (C17) which represents a 3 dimensional scaffold with an adamantane-like repeating unit of Cu ions. The parent anionic chain like compounds [M(C12H24O6)][H2E-BH2-EH2] (C3: E = P, M = Na; C4: E = As, M = K) are accessible by reacting trimethyl amine stabilized pnictogenylboranes H2E-BH2-NMe3 (C1: E = P; C2: E = As) with MEH2 (E = P, As; M = Na, K). Using substituted pnictogenides of the type NatBuEH (C20: E = P; C21: E = As;) and [EPh2]- (C22: E = P; C23: E = As) instead, leads to the formation of the corresponding anionic organosubstituted asymmetrical pnictogenylborane derivatives [Na(C12H24O6)][H2P-BH2-tBuPH] (C24), [Na(C12H24O6)][H2As-BH2-tBuAsH] (C25), [Na(C12H24O6)] [H2P BH2 tBuAsH] (C26), [Na(C12H24O6)][H2P-BH2-PPh2] (C28), [K(C18H36N2O6)][H2As-BH2-AsPh2] (C29), [Na(C18H36N2O6)][H2As-BH2-PPh2] (C30) and [K(C18H36N2O6)][H2P-BH2-AsPh2] (C31) after adding stoichiometric amounts of 18-crown-6 (C12H24O6) (C24-C26, C28) or [2.2.2]cryptand (C18H36N2O6) (C29-C31). Compound Na[H2As-BH2-tBuPH] is not accessible via the reaction of NatBuPH (C20) with H2As-BH2-NMe3 (C2). The decompostion of the starting material is observed instead. Using the nucleophile Na[tBuPH-BH3] alternatively to C20, the formation of [Na(C12H24O6)][H2As-BH2-tBuPH-BH3] (C27) can be observed, after addition of equivalent amounts of 18-crown-6. The compounds Na[Ph2E-BH2-EPh2] (E = P, As) are accessible by salt metathesis reaction of NaEPh2 (C22: E = P; C23: E = As) with IBH2-SMe2 in a two to one stochiometrie. Subsequent addition of stoichiometric amounts of 18-crown-6 leads to the isolable compounds 1,1-Bis(diphenylphosphino)borate (dppb) (C32) and 1,1-Bis(diphenylarsino)borate (dpab) (C33). For compound C5 an elongation of the pnictogen boron backbone can be achieved by the reaction with equivalent amounts of arsanylborane resulting in compound [Na(C12H24O6)] [H2As-BH2-PH2-BH2-AsH2] (C6). Analog reaction with anionic chain like compounds of the type [M(C12H24O6)][H2E-BH2-ER1R2] (E = P, As; R1 = R2 = H, Ph; R1 = H, R2 = tBu; M = Na, K) only works in selected cases. Using H2P-BH2-NMe3 (C1) as reactant an elongation of the 13/15 backbone only occurs in combination with compound C28 resulting in the product [Na(C12H24O6)] [H2P-BH2-PPh2-BH2-PH2] (C34). Further five membered anionic chain like compounds are accessible by the reaction of arsanylborane (C2) with compounds C30, C28 and C24. The elongation of the 13/15 chain only occur at the terminal substituted phosphorus atoms under formation of [Na(C12H24O6)][H2As-BH2-PPh2-BH2-AsH2] (C35), [Na(C12H24O6)][H2P-BH2-PPh2-BH2-AsH2] (C36) and [Na(C12H24O6)][H2P-BH2-tBuPH-BH2-AsH2] (C37)

Electric arc heating

Bakalářská práce se zabývá ohřevem elektrickým obloukem v průmyslových aplikacích. V bakalářské práci je popsán laboratorní přípravek pro generaci elektrického oblouku. Obsahem je také teoretický rozbor přenosu tepla z elektrického oblouku do blízkých předmětů. Hlavní část práce obsahuje experimentální měření přenosu tepla z elektrického oblouku do blízkého předmětu v závislosti na velikosti elektrického výkonu oblouku a v závislosti na povrchové úpravě předmětu.This bachelor's thesis deals with an arc heating in industrial applications. In this paper, there is described laboratory equipment for the generation of electric arc. Thesis also contains theoretical analysis of heat transfer from the arc to nearby object. The main part of the thesis is devoted to experimental measurement of heat transfer from the arc to the nearby object in relation to the electrical power and the surface finish of the object.

Suggestion and preparation of e-learning support for subject APM

katedra: KMO; přílohy: CD x 1; rozsah: 72Bakalářská práce pojednává o návrhu a přípravě e-learningové podpory předmětu Aplikace počítačových modelů, který je vyučován na Fakultě mechatroniky Technické univerzity v Liberci. Důležitým aspektem pro tvorbu této práce je seznámení se s e-learningem a nástrojem, který univerzita využívá pro realizaci e-learningu, systémem CLIX. Práce je v první části zaměřena tak, aby dokázala podat informace o e-learningu a CLIXu. Snahou je přiblížit tyto oblasti a poukázat na jejich provázanost a ukázat jaké mohou být formy e-learningové podpory. Realizací zadaných úkolů a problémů, včetně návrhů řešení, se zabývá zbylá část bakalářské práce. Jedním z problémů bylo vybrání (registrace) semestrálních prací studenty ze seznamu bez nutnosti zásahu vyučujícího. Hlavním cílem bylo umožnit tuto činnost studentům v CLIXu, ale rozumně vyřešit zmiňovaný problém nebylo možné. Konečným výsledkem se stala až tvorba samostatné webové aplikace, jež řeší registrace semestrálních prací, ale nabízí i větší funkčnost v podobě fóra, novinek, informací o předmětu a studijních materiálů. Součástí aplikace je také administrace a možnost jednoduché instalace pro zprovoznění aplikace.This bachelor work deals with a suggestion and preparation of e-learning support of the subject Application of computer models that is taught at Faculty of Mechatronics of Technical University in Liberec. An important aspect for creation of this work is identification with e-learning and with an instrument that the University uses for realization of e-learning, with CLIX. The work is in its first part focused on managing of giving information about e-learning and CLIX. It is an effort to bring closer these areas and to refer to their cohesion and to show possible forms of e-learning support. The remaining part of the bachelor work deals with realization of assigned tasks and problems, including suggestions of solution. One of the problems was choosing (registration) of seminar works by students from the list without necessity of intervention of a teacher. The main aim was to provide this activity to students in CLIX but to solve the problem reasonably wasn{\crq}t possible. As a final result became creation of separate web application that solves registrations of seminar works but also offers greater functionality in form of forum, news, information about subject and study materials. A part of application is also administration and possibility of easy installation for opening of application

Proposal of the test artifact to determine the properties of FDM printing machines

Obsahem této bakalářské práce je popis aditivní technologie výroby, detailněji se věnuje konkrétně 3D FDM tisku. Obsahem teoretické části práce je obecný popis 3D tiskáren a detailněji je zde popsána technologie FDM. Cílem této práce je vytvořit testovací artefakt vhodný pro porovnání tiskáren tohoto druhu. Před samotnou tvorbou testovacího artefaktu je zde popsáno, jaké nároky jsou na tiskárnu kladeny. Pro názorné ukázání je v poslední kapitole popsáno a provedeno porovnání 3 tiskáren.The content of this bachelor thesis is description of additive technology, more specifically it deals with 3D FDM printing. The content of the theoretical part of the thesis is a general description of 3D printers and FDM technology is described here in more details. The aim of this work is to create a test artifact suitable for comparison of 3D FDM printers. Prior to the creation of the test artifact, the requirements for the printer are described. For illustration, the last chapter describes and compares 3 printers

Abdichtungssystem einer Reststoffdeponie, Entscheidungskriterien und Nutzwertanalyse

Within the framework of the restructuring of a dump, an interdisciplinary group was given the task of evaluating various insulation systems such as mineral, bituminous, plastic sheeting and combined mineral/bituminous. They then had to decide upon a system according to the results of their study. The list of criteria and the results of the Economic Value analysis have been more exactly defined and discussed. The combination of mineral insulation (below) and bituminous (above) was recommended and realised