Aktivity seniorů ve velkých městech: zdraví, prostor a subjektivní kvalita života

Text prezentuje analýzu vybraných aktivit seniorů v prostředí centrálních částí velkých českých měst. Vycházíme z předpokladu, že aktivity jsou faktorem oživujícím fyzické prostředí a spolu s kvalitou fyzického prostředí představují důležitý příspěvek pro kvalitu života seniorů. Tyto souvislosti ilustrujeme na základě výběrového šetření mezi seniory staršími šedesáti let, žijícími ve čtrnácti velkých městech České republiky. Z analýz vyplývá, že senioři jsou skrze aktivity, které s různou frekvencí provozují, aktivními participanty na venkovním prostředí. Intenzita a variabilita jednotlivých typů aktivit vzešlých z faktorové analýzy je však ovlivněna především narůstajícími zdravotními omezeními, která také nejsilněji působí na zmenšování akčního pole seniora. V našem šetření se také potvrzuje vliv fyzického okolí, ovšem v podstatně menší míře než jsme očekávali. Zejména aktivity typu zaměstnání a volnočasové jsou ovlivněny řadou dalších faktorů, které se zdají spíše souviset s životním stylem jedince a potažmo s jeho kulturním a sociálním kapitálem. Diskusi uzavíráme doporučením pro další výzkum aktivit seniorů ve městech jako důležitého příspěvku k urbánním ekonomikám.The article presents an analysis of selected activities engaged in by seniors older adults in the central areas of large Czech townscities. The authors set out from the assumption that activities are a factor that animate the physical environment and, together with its ? the actual quality of that environment of the physical environment, importantly contribute to the quality of life of seniors. The authors illustrate this on the basis of a sample survey conducted among seniors over the age of sixty living in fourteen large towns around the Czech Republic. The analysis shows that through the activities they engage in seniors are active participants in the rural urban environment. However, the intensity and variability of individual types of activities, asas determined by a factor analysis, are mainly influenced by increasing health limitations, which have the biggest impact on reducing the level and scope of the activities older people engage inactivitiesy of seniors. The survey also confirmed that the physical environment influences the activity of seniors as well, but much less so than the authors expected. Participation inEngagement in ?? eEmployment and leisure-time activities in particular are is? influenced by numerous other factors that are related more to the lifestyle of the individual and, by extension, to the individual’s cultural and social capital. The authors close the discussion with recommendations for further research on the activities of older adultsseniors in towns as an important contribution to urban economies

Age and gender difference in ICT literacy and biometrics knowledge

Accelerated digitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition from mobile phones to smartphones have increased the need for ICT literacy among the general public, including knowledge of the potential risks and their management. Generally, it is assumed that some population groups are more at risk of being left behind. Original empirical data collected in autumn 2020 as part of the PRECOBI project were used to identify the sociodemographic groups at risk of insufficient knowledge of biometrics and ICT safety. The novelty Biometrics Knowledge and ICT Safety Index (BIKIS index) was constructed to identify these and analyzed in the context of the Czech Republic. The OLS regression shows that the combination of higher age and lower education is associated with the highest risk of digital illiteracy, potentially resulting in digital exclusion. Regarding biometrics and ICT safety knowledge, the age of 50 is the cut-off point, with those with elementary and lower secondary education at a disadvantage compared to those with higher levels of education. The results show that in terms of ICT literacy, old age starts considerably earlier than in other societal contexts, which is important to note when designing ICT and biometrics-related risk mitigation strategies. The role of early life educational attainment should be supported to ensure ICT literacy in later life.Accelerated digitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic and the transition from mobile phones to smartphones have increased the need for ICT literacy among the general public, including knowledge of the potential risks and their management. Generally, it is assumed that some population groups are more at risk of being left behind. Original empirical data collected in autumn 2020 as part of the PRECOBI project were used to identify the sociodemographic groups at risk of insufficient knowledge of biometrics and ICT safety. The novelty Biometrics Knowledge and ICT Safety Index (BIKIS index) was constructed to identify these and analyzed in the context of the Czech Republic. The OLS regression shows that the combination of higher age and lower education is associated with the highest risk of digital illiteracy, potentially resulting in digital exclusion. Regarding biometrics and ICT safety knowledge, the age of 50 is the cut-off point, with those with elementary and lower secondary education at a disadvantage compared to those with higher levels of education. The results show that in terms of ICT literacy, old age starts considerably earlier than in other societal contexts, which is important to note when designing ICT and biometrics-related risk mitigation strategies. The role of early life educational attainment should be supported to ensure ICT literacy in later life

Trypanosoma brucei PRMT1 Is a Nucleic Acid Binding Protein with a Role in Energy Metabolism and the Starvation Stress Response.

In Trypanosoma brucei and related kinetoplastid parasites, transcription of protein coding genes is largely unregulated. Rather, mRNA binding proteins, which impact processes such as transcript stability and translation efficiency, are the predominant regulators of gene expression. Arginine methylation is a posttranslational modification that preferentially targets RNA binding proteins and is, therefore, likely to have a substantial impact on T. brucei biology. The data presented here demonstrate that cells depleted of T. brucei PRMT1 (TbPRMT1), a major type I protein arginine methyltransferase, exhibit decreased virulence in an animal model. To understand the basis of this phenotype, quantitative global proteomics was employed to measure protein steady-state levels in cells lacking TbPRMT1. The approach revealed striking changes in proteins involved in energy metabolism. Most prominent were a decrease in glycolytic enzyme abundance and an increase in proline degradation pathway components, changes that resemble the metabolic remodeling that occurs during T. brucei life cycle progression. The work describes several RNA binding proteins whose association with mRNA was altered in TbPRMT1-depleted cells, and a large number of TbPRMT1-interacting proteins, thereby highlighting potential TbPRMT1 substrates. Many proteins involved in the T. brucei starvation stress response were found to interact with TbPRMT1, prompting analysis of the response of TbPRMT1-depleted cells to nutrient deprivation. Indeed, depletion of TbPRMT1 strongly hinders the ability of T. brucei to form cytoplasmic mRNA granules under starvation conditions. Finally, this work shows that TbPRMT1 itself binds nucleic acids in vitro and in vivo, a feature completely novel to protein arginine methyltransferases.IMPORTANCETrypanosoma brucei infection causes human African trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, a disease with a nearly 100% fatality rate when untreated. Current drugs are expensive, toxic, and highly impractical to administer, prompting the community to explore various unique aspects of T. brucei biology in search of better treatments. In this study, we identified the protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT), TbPRMT1, as a factor that modulates numerous aspects of T. brucei biology. These include glycolysis and life cycle progression signaling, both of which are being intensely researched toward identification of potential drug targets. Our data will aid research in those fields. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time a direct association of a PRMT with nucleic acids, a finding we believe could translate to other organisms, including humans, thereby impacting research in fields as distant as human cancer biology and immune response modulation. Copyright © 2018 Kafková et al

Architecture of the trypanosome RNA editing accessory complex, MRB1

Trypanosoma brucei undergoes an essential process of mitochondrial uridine insertion and deletion RNA editing catalyzed by a 20S editosome. The multiprotein mitochondrial RNA-binding complex 1 (MRB1) is emerging as an equally essential component of the trypanosome RNA editing machinery, with additional functions in gRNA and mRNA stabilization. The distinct and overlapping protein compositions of reported MRB1 complexes and diverse MRB1 functions suggest that the complex is composed of subcomplexes with RNA-dependent and independent interactions. To determine the architecture of the MRB1 complex, we performed a comprehensive yeast two-hybrid analysis of 31 reported MRB1 proteins. We also used in vivo analyses of tagged MRB1 components to confirm direct and RNA-mediated interactions. Here, we show that MRB1 contains a core complex comprised of six proteins and maintained by numerous direct interactions. The MRB1 core associates with multiple subcomplexes and proteins through RNA-enhanced or RNA-dependent interactions. These findings provide a framework for interpretation of previous functional studies and suggest that MRB1 is a dynamic complex that coordinates various aspects of mitochondrial gene regulation

Subjective perception of time focusing on short-term activities

The diploma thesis investigates the subjective perception of time, especially the exactness of the interval length estimation, subjective passage of time, in relation to the time perspective, the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and age. Furthermore, the thesis investigates differences in retrospective and prospective paradigm in interval length estimate. Research was conducted online, with a total number of 180 respondents. Data collection had occurred during a 4 month period. Main instruments were the Czech versions of the ZTPI - Zimbardo's time perspective inventory and the DERS-SF-CZ - Difficulty in emotion regulation scale; moreover, for the declaration of subjective passage of time was employed a method of verbal estimation. Subjective interval length was registered after finishing rewriting of two short texts. The results have showed statistically significant relationships between subjective passage of time and age; between the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and subjective passage of time. Amongst the persons orientated onto positive and negative past, there was found a significant relationship between the subjective passage of time and the difficulty in emotion regulation. Results have also shown that the interval length is overestimated in both, prospective and..

Research of biology knowledge of pupils finishing the compulsory education (year 9 of basic school and year 5 of eight-year grammer school

ABSTRACT Doubravová L.: Research of the Natural History Knowledge of 9th Grade Elementary School and 4th Grade High School Pupils Diploma Thesis, 2011 This thesis presents the level of natural history latent knowledge of pupils who have completed compulsory education. The creation of a didactic test and giving it to pupils who finish attending the 9th grade of elementary school and 4th grade at high school are parts of this work. The thesis deals with the comparison of these two groups of respondents. Results evaluation is presented in words and also illustrated by tables and graphs. Supervisor: PaedDr. Radka Závodská, Ph.D. Department of Biology PF JU, Czech Republi

Functional characterization of two paralogs that are novel RNA binding proteins influencing mitochondrial transcripts of \kur{Trypanosoma brucei}

The function of two subunits of the putative mitochondrial RNA binding complex (MRB1) associated with RNA editing in parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei was studied using various in vivo and in vitro methods of molecular biology

Subjective perception of time focusing on short-term activities

The diploma thesis investigates the subjective perception of time, especially the exactness of the interval length estimation, subjective passage of time, in relation to the time perspective, the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and age. Furthermore, the thesis investigates differences in retrospective and prospective paradigm in interval length estimate. Research was conducted online, with a total number of 180 respondents. Data collection had occurred during a 4 month period. Main instruments were the Czech versions of the ZTPI - Zimbardo's time perspective inventory and the DERS-SF-CZ - Difficulty in emotion regulation scale; moreover, for the declaration of subjective passage of time was employed a method of verbal estimation. Subjective interval length was registered after finishing rewriting of two short texts. The results have showed statistically significant relationships between subjective passage of time and age; between the level of difficulty in emotion regulation and subjective passage of time. Amongst the persons orientated onto positive and negative past, there was found a significant relationship between the subjective passage of time and the difficulty in emotion regulation. Results have also shown that the interval length is overestimated in both, prospective and...Diplomová práce se zabývá subjektivním vnímáním času, především přesností odhadu délky časového intervalu, subjektivní rychlostí plynutí času a možnými souvislostmi s časovou perspektivou, mírou potíží v regulaci emocí a věkem. Dále se práce zabývá rozdíly mezi retrospektivním a prospektivním přístupem při odhadu délky intervalu. Výzkum se uskutečnil online, celkem se účastnilo 180 respondentů. Sběr dat proběhl v časovém rozmezí 4 měsíců. Hlavními nástroji byly ZTPI - Zimbardův inventář časové perspektivy a DERS-SF-CZ - česká verze krátké formy škály potíží v regulaci emocí; pro deklaraci subjektivní rychlosti plynutí času byla použita metoda verbálního odhadu. Subjektivní délka intervalu byla zaznamenána po kompletaci přepisu dvou krátkých textů. Výsledky statistické analýzy získaných dat indikovaly statisticky signifikantní vztahy mezi subjektivní rychlostí plynutí času a věkem; mezi mírou potíží v regulaci emocí a subjektivní rychlostí plynutí času. U osob s pozitivní a negativní minulou škálou orientace časové perspektivy výsledky ukázaly signifikantní vztah mezi subjektivní rychlostí času a mírou potíží v regulaci emocí. Výsledky také ukázaly, že při prospektivním i retrospektivním odhadu je délka intervalu nadhodnocována; u prospektivního odhadu je nadhodnocení v průměru větší. Výsledky jsou...Department of PsychologyKatedra psychologieFilozofická fakultaFaculty of Art

Functional analysis of two subunits of the putative Mitochondrial RNA Binding complex 1 in \kur{Trypanosoma brucei}

The function of two subunits of the putative mitochondrial RNA binding complex (MRB1) found in parasitic protist Trypanosoma brucei was studied by creating single RNAi knockdowns of both genes as well as assaying the double knockdown cell line, previously obtained in our laboratory

Význam a obsah prarodičovské role u mladých českých seniorů a seniorek =The meaning and performance of the grandparenting role among young old Czechs

In the discourse of active ageing it is assumed that young seniors will hold active roles in public and private life. This article examines grandparenting as an emerging role of young olds in the context of their heterogeneous role sets. Based on an integrated analysis of a survey conducted among people aged 50-70 and qualitative interviews it describes what roles Czech young olds hold and how they position and frame the grandparenting role among their other individual roles. It also describes what activities the performance of the role typically involves. Attention is also devoted to gender differences, which are manifested in the meanings ascribed to the role, and in the type, frequency, and intensity of activities performed. A key issue is found to be the timing of the grandparenting role, when a period of intensive care may be followed by a performative void. From the perspective of gender structure, however, these are asynchronous changes, which makes it possible for a couple to perform their roles in a complementary manner. As some young olds pursue self-development activities indicative of active ageing with and through their grandchildren, alongside the possible duality of active ageing (as a semi-public, socially productive effort) versus grandparenting, it is possible to speak of active ageing through grandparenting, and of grandparenting as a form of active ageing.76178