Penyelenggaraan fasiliti stadium

Penyelenggaraan adalah kerja yang dilakukan untuk memelihara, menjaga, mengendali, memperbaiki dan mengawalselia struktur bangunan, kemudahan, kelengkapan, perkhidmatan bangunan dan persekitaran bagi memastikan bangunan sentiasa berada pada tahap piawaian yang telah ditetapkan. Selain itu, penyelenggaraan juga dapat mempertahankan utiliti dan nilai fasiliti kemudahan serta berada dalam keadaan selamat digunakan

Improving the quality of frozen-thawed ram semen

Cryopreserved semen is widely used for assisted reproduction in livestock, however, in sheep its use is still limited. Freezing and thawing cause biochemical and physiological alterations into the sperm. These alterations such as oxidative damage caused byreactive oxygen species (ROS) and changes inheat shock proteins (HSP) appear to determine the fertilizing ability of the sperm. Seminal plasma (SP) and antioxidants have the ability to improve sperm function and reduce the effect of cryopresrvation. Thisstudy aimed to improve the integrity of frozen-thawed ram sperm, so that an increase the fertility rates could be achieved. The first experimentevaluated the effect of the post-thaw addition of 1.5 mg/ml of different seminal plasma (SP) protein fractions(Whole SP, >100, 30-100, and <30kDa) on the quality of frozen-thawed ejaculated and epididymal ram sperm. SP proteins fractions,particularly <30kDa improved the integrity of fresh and frozen-thawed epididymal spermatozoa and fresh ejaculated spermatozoa (P< 0.001), but there was no effecton frozen-thawed ejaculated spermatozoa. This reductioncould be related to the effect of ROSon sperm integrity. Therefore, the second experimentwas designed to assess the effect of the antioxidantscysteine, taurine,and vitamin C on frozen-thawed ram semen. Semen samples were treated pre-freeze (PF) and post-thaw (PT) to evaluate the optimal timing and concentration of antioxidant supplementation on frozen-thawed ram semen to improve sperm function and reduce ROS production. The addition of 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml cysteine or taurine (PF + PT) improved the integrity of frozen-thaw ram sperm. There was no effect of vitamin C supplementation on frozen-thawed ram sperm, however, it improved penetrability and reduced ROSproduction. In the third experiment, the effect of oxidative stress induced by 5mM and 15mM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the integrity of fresh ram spermwas assessed.ROS production,lipid peroxidation (LPO) in SP, and the expression of heat shock proteins (70 and90) were determined.H2O2has the capability toeliminate sperm functions significantly at 15μM. This effect could indicate the importance of HSP70 and HSP90 to protect sperm membrane functions, thus there is a need to maintain the function of these proteins. The fourth experimentidentified the relationship between supplementation with1.0 mg/ml (PF + PT) of taurine or cysteine and the expression level of HSP90 and HSP70 on frozen-thawed ram sperm. The results showed that PF or PT supplementation of antioxidants (1.0 mg/ml of cysteine or taurine) improved post-thaw ram sperm integrity and maintained the expression of HSP70 and HSP90. There was a positive relationship between the level of expression of HSP70 and HSP90 and sperm parameters such as motility, acrosome integrity, viability, penetrability, ROS concentration and the level of LPO in SP and sperm. Therefore, the findings of this thesis collectively may assist to improve the quality of cryopreserved ram semen, andeffectively contribute to reproductive technologies in the sheep industry

Evaluation de l’activité du cadmium, en présence du zinc, sur les structures des tissus régulateurs du métabolisme chez le rat Wistar

Le sulfate de Cadmium (CdSO4) et le chlorure de Zinc (ZnCl2) ont des effets antagonistes. Le Cd est connu pour son effet nécrotique et le Zn pour son rôle protecteur. L’objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l’exposition au Cd sur l’histologie du foie et des reins chez des rats Wistar en présence du Zn. L’étude a porté sur 16 rats, âgés de 4 mois, qui ont été subdivisés en 4 groupes de 4 rats, le 1er groupe recevait par voie orale du Cd (0,15 mg/ kg de poids corporel) pendant un mois, le second groupe a été exposé au Zn à la même dose, un 3e groupe recevait un mélange (Cd-Zn) et le 4e groupe était le témoin recevant de l’eau de robinet dans les même conditions. Les résultats ont montré que  l’exposition des rats au Cd a induit une diminution de leur poids corporel. L’examen histologique, chez les rats exposés au Cd, a révélé des désorganisations cellulaires, des atypies cyto-nucléaires et des nécroses au niveau des tissus hépatiques et rénaux. Par ailleurs, les animaux ayant reçu du Zn ou un mélange Cd-Zn ont préservé l’intégrité de l’organisation cellulaire et nucléaire de leur tissu. L’exposition au Cd était responsable de l’apparition d’importants changements morphologique et histologique chez le rat mais la présence du Zn a atténué partiellement les effets toxiques induits par le Cd.Mots clés : Cadmium, zinc, antagonistes, foie, reins, histologie

Effects of different application methods of chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)

A pot experiment was conducted to study the effect of different application methods of&nbsp;chitosan on growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum&nbsp;Mill.). The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications and twelve treatments combinations&nbsp;viz.,&nbsp;T0= Control, T1= Soil application of chitosan (SAC) @80 ppm, T2= SAC @120 ppm, T3= Foliar spraying of chitosan (FSC) @60 ppm, T4= FSC @80 ppm, T5= FSC @100 ppm, T6= Combination of T1&nbsp;&nbsp;and T3, T7= Combination of T1&nbsp;and T4, T8= Combination of T1&nbsp;and T5, T9= Combination of T2&nbsp;and T3, T10= Combination of T2&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and T4, and T11= Combination of T2&nbsp;and T5. The study results revealed that there were significant variations among the treatments on number of leaves, numbers of flower cluster, flowering duration, fruit length and yield of tomato (L. esculentum). The highest yield of tomato (L. esculentum) was obtained from the treatment T6, while the lowest was obtained from control treatment. Vitamin-C and lycopene&nbsp; content of tomato (L. esculentum) fruits varied from 2.19-4.09 and 2.38-3.58 mg 100g-1&nbsp;sample, respectively. Among the major minerals, the highest amounts of Ca, Mg, Na, K, S and P were obtained from T7&nbsp;(0.69%), T3&nbsp;(0.58%), T8&nbsp;(0.38%), T1&nbsp;(0.62%), T4&nbsp;(0.15%) and T6&nbsp;(0.33%) treatments, respectively. Study results inferred that the treatment T4&nbsp;was more effective concerning most of the growth and biochemical parameters of tomato (L. esculentum). Finally, the study concluded that foliar application of chitosan alone or in combination with soil has significant effect on growth, yield and biochemical characters of tomato (L. esculentum)

Diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium parvum in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients in Khartoum State

Objective: The objective of this study is to search for Cryptosporidium parvum in Sudanese immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients presenting with diarrhea.Methods: Two hundred and thirteen stool specimens were collected from different groups of patients presenting with diarrhea and healthy control (immunocompromised: 78; immunocompetent: 90; Control: 45).The immunocompromised group included 25 HIV positive patients, 27 tuberculosis patients, 11 patients with renal failure and 15 patients receiving immunosuppressive chemotherapy. Antigen ELISA was performed to detect the presence of the parasite in stool. Positive specimens were examined by the modified ZN stain to look for the oocyst of C.parvum.Result: Seventy one of the immunocompromised patients (91.0%), twenty nine of immunocompetent patients (32.2 %) and ten of the control group (22.2%) were found to be positive for C.parvum. A significant difference was noticed between the immunocompromised patients and the other groups (

Study of Environmental Pollution Rustling from Balhaf Liquid Natural Gas Station Using Spectroscopy Analysis, Shabwah Governorate – Yemen

The present work aimed to determine the contaminants in soil resulting due to emissions that come from natural gas in the station of Balhaf which is it LNG project in Shabowah Gov, Republic of Yemen. Total 20 samples soil samples were collected at depth of approximately (0-10 cm) from different locations from the Balhaf natural gas station. These samples were analyzed by Laser Breakdown Plasma Spectroscopy (LIBS) to determine the samples toxic elements. The components of the toxic elements present in the soil samples were further confirmed by spectroscopic technique induced coupled plasma (ICP) and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The LIBS spectra showed the presence of different amounts of elements, including radioactive and toxic elements such as (Ac, Pu, Th, U) and (Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, Zn), in all of the soil samples. The concentrations of the elements were calculated by ICP spectroscopy. The average concentrations of elements in the samples appeared to be 410 ppb for Al, 1.9 ppb for Ba, 2.6 ppb for Cd,2.7 ppb for Co, 2.3 ppb for Cr, 257 ppb for Cu, 30 ppb for Mn, 6,8 ppb for Ni, 63 ppb for Th, 56 ppb for Tl and 6.1 ppb for Zn, but these values did not exceed normal levels for these elements in earth crust according to reference values such as ATSDR 2020, IAEA, 200. The presence of a high concentration of toxic elements in the soil around the natural gas facility, that indicates the presence of emissions from this facility that leads to the accumulation of these elements in the soil

Improved peroxide biosensor based on Horseradish Peroxidase/Carbon Nanotube on a thiol-modified gold electrode

A new 3-dimensional (3D) network of crosslinked Horseradish Peroxidase/Carbon Nanotube (HRP/CNT) on a thiol-modified Au surface has been described in order to build up the effective electrical wiring of the enzyme units with the electrode. The synthesized 3D HRP/CNT network has been characterized with cyclic voltammetry and amperometry which results the establishment of direct electron transfer between the redox active unit of HRP and the Au surface. Electrochemical measurements reveal that the high biological activity and stability is exhibited by the immobilized HRP and a quasi-reversible redox peak of the redox centre of HRP was observed at about −0.355 and −0.275 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The electron transfer rate constant, KS and electron transfer co-efficient α were found as 0.57 s−1 and 0.42, respectively. Excellent electrocatalytic activity for the reduction of H2O2 was exhibited by the developed biosensor. The proposed biosensor modified with HRP/CNT 3D network displays a broader linear range and a lower detection limit for H2O2 determination. The linear range is from 1.0 × 10−7 to 1.2 × 10−4 M with a detection limit of 2.2.0 × 10−8 M at 3 σ. The Michaelies–Menten constant Kapp M value is estimated to be 0.19 mM. Moreover, this biosensor exhibits very high sensitivity, good reproducibility and long-time stability

Prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with connective tissue diseases: a systematic review of the literature

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease. Understanding of PAH prevalence remains limited, but PAH has been reported as a frequent complication in connective tissue diseases. This study estimated prevalence of PAH in patients with connective tissue diseases and prevalence of idiopathic PAH using a systematic review of the literature. We searched PubMed through May 19, 2012 for all studies on prevalence of PAH in patients with connective tissue diseases or prevalence of idiopathic PAH. To be included, studies had to be in English, have humans as subjects, and determine prevalence within a time interval of up to 2 years. Studies only investigating pediatric patients were excluded. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated. Twenty studies were identified in the review. Seventeen of the 20 studies reported prevalence of PAH in connective tissue diseases and three reported prevalence of idiopathic PAH. The pooled prevalence estimate of idiopathic PAH was 12 cases per million population (95 % CI 5 cases per million to 22 cases per million) with estimates ranging from 5.9 cases per million population to 25 cases per million population. The pooled prevalence estimate of PAH in patients with connective tissue diseases was 13 % (95 % CI, 9.18 % to 18.16 %) with reported estimates ranging from 2.8 % to 32 %. Prevalence of PAH in patients with connective tissue diseases was substantially higher than that of idiopathic PAH based on pooled prevalence estimates. Comparisons of PAH prevalence in persons with connective tissue disease and idiopathic PAH using a large observational study would be helpful in better assessing relative prevalence

A Preliminary Study Interrogating the Cataloging and Classification Schemes of a K-12 Book Discovery Platform through a Critical Race Theory Lens

This article presents the results of a preliminary study to examine the cataloging and classification schemes and ideological factors that play out in book discovery platforms for children’s and young adult books. Using Critical Race Theory and a Rapid Contextual Design approach to exploring the curatorial behaviors of school librarians when searching for diverse books, the study offers design ideas for retooling discovery platforms in ways that bridge the cultural disconnect that young adults from historically marginalized racial backgrounds experience in their libraries. The article concludes that in order for school librarians to find, recommend and teach about books that reflect race, equity and inclusion themes, they need more sophisticated and user-centered features that reflect critical race and multicultural analytic frameworks. This includes the need for a common vocabulary around issues of race, equity and inclusion that can simultaneously cut through the ambiguity of social tagging and yet subvert the status quo of entrenched liberalism and/or racially biased ideologies embedded in traditional classification schemes and hierarchies, such as those used in Library of Congress subject headings. The findings further suggest that school librarians would benefit from enhanced education and training in the intersections of cataloging, classification and critical race scholarship