Glass material and their advanced applications

The present review summarizes the progress made in the area of glass science and also propose new definition of glass. The applications of glasses in everyday life and especially glasses used for light emitting devices, optical displays, optical fibers, amplifiers, lasers which are of special interest. Among these materials rare earth ions doped glasses are of great important to optoelectronics and are widely used in optical fiber amplifiers and solid state high power lasers for telecommunications and light emitting diodes. Optical fiber revolutionized the glass industry and is been used as sensing applications which depends upon light wavelength, fiber parameters, fiber geometry, and metal layer properties. Even smart glasses play a vital role in the medical field

Preparation of ZnO-SrO-B2O3 Glass Systems Doped with Dy2O3 for the White Light Emission Material Application

ZnO-SrO-B2O3 glasses doped with Dy3+ ions were prepared by a conventional melt quenching technique. The molar volume density and refractive index tends to increase with increasing of Dy2O3 concentration. The absorption bands show energy levels transition from 6H15/2 ground state to excited states such as 781 nm (6F3/2), 801 nm (6F5/2), 895 nm (6F7/2), 1083 nm (6F9/2), 1254 nm (6F11/2) and 1661 nm (6H11/2), and the intensity of the peak at 1254 nm is the highest. The excitation spectra of the 7 peaks glass sample were found in the wavelength range of 320-470 nm with the highest intensity peak at 386 nm. The emission spectra represent four emission bands, and all emission bands are over the visible range. The peak at 575 nm is the highest intensity peak. The CIE chromaticity (x,y) coordinates fall in the white light region of the CIE chromaticity diagram. The experimental decay time (τexp) of 6H13/2 transition of Dy3+ ions obtained from the measurement tends to increase with increasing of Dy2O3 concentration. These results show the potential for use in white LED applications

Pb-free Radiation Shielding Glass Using Coal Fly Ash

In this work, Pb-free shielding glass samples were prepared by themelt quenching technique using subbituminous fly ash (SFA) composed ofxBi2O3 : (60-x)B2O3 : 10Na2O : 30SFA (where x = 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 by wt%). The samples were investigated for their physical and radiation shielding properties. The density and hardness were measured. The results showed that the density increased with the increase of Bi2O3 content. The highest value of hardness was observed for glass sample with 30 wt% of Bi2O3 concentration. The samples were investigated under 662 keV gamma ray and the results were compared with theoretical calculations. The values of the mass attenuation coefficient (μm), the atomic cross section (σe) and the effective atomic number (Zeff) were found to increase with an increase of the Bi2O3 concentration and were in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The best results for the half-value layer (HVL) were observed in the sample with 35 wt% of Bi2O3 concentration, better than the values of barite concrete. These results demonstrate the viability of using coal fly ash waste for radiation shielding glass without PbO in the glass matrices

Switching-Concentration Effect of Li2O and Al2O3 on Phosphate Glass Doped with Nd2O3

The purpose of this study was to determine the switching-concentration effect of Li2O and Al2O3 on phosphate glass doped with neodymium ions. The 64P2O5-20Li2O-15Al2O3-1Nd2O3 glass was measured and analyzed for density, refractive index, absorption and near-infrared emission spectrum. The density and refractive index showed values of 2.5695 g/cm3 and 1.5236, respectively. The optical absorption was measured and showed twelve bands in the range of 300–1500 nm. It was observed that the most intense transition 4I9/2→4G5/2 was centered at around 581 nm, which was chosen to investigate the near-infrared emission spectrum. The intense band of emission spectrum with 4F3/2→4I11/2 transition was shown in wavenumber at 9442.87 cm-1 (1059 nm). The Judd-Ofelt and radiative parameters were calculated and collected to support the possibility of laser application

Investigation of Dy3+ Ion Doped Borate Glasses and Their Potential for WLED and Laser Application

In this research, Dy3+ ion-doped Na2O-PbO-ZnO-Li2O-B2O3 glasses were developed using the melt and quenching method. The addition of Dy3+ ions in the glass improved the optical properties. The XRD graph verified the amorphous of the glass sample. FTIR showed the vibration of BO3 and BO4 in the structure of the glass. The enhancement of NBOs in the structure of the glass affected the reduction of the bandgap energy of the glass. The hypersensitive transition of the present glass was found at 1270 nm (infrared region) due to electron movement from the 6H15/2 level to the 6H9/2+6F11/2 level. The strong white emission of the glasses came from 575 nm (yellow region) and 483 nm (blue region) when excited by 349 nm. The CIE 1931 chromaticity was located at (0.37;0.40) and verified the white emission of the glasses. Meanwhile, the trendline of the JO parameter was W2 > W6 > W4,indicating the high ionic character of the glass structure. The value of the calculated branching ratio and emission cross-section of Dy_1.0 glass was 0.64 and 0.90 x 10-20 cm2, respectively. From the analysis of results, the present glass has high potential for WLED and laser application

Structural and spectroscopic properties of Er3+ doped sodium lithium borate glasses

The trivalent erbium (Er3+) doped sodium lithium borate glass with composition (65-x)B2O3-15Na2O-10PbO-5ZnO-5Li2O-xEr2O3 have been successfully fabricated by melt-quench technique. The structural properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The absorption and luminescence spectra of glass samples were measured to determine the spectroscopic properties. The Judd–Ofelt parameters were calculated based on absorption spectra with values of Ω2, = 4.39, Ω4 = 3.22, and Ω6 = 0.91 (×10−22 cm2) for 2.0 mol% Er3+ ion doped sodium lithium borate glass. Furthermore, radiative properties including effective bandwidth (Δλeff), radiative transition probability (AR), radiative lifetime (τR), and branching ratio (βR) were also calculated and analyzed. A strong emission band at 1532 nm was observed corresponding to 4I15/2 → 4I13/2 transition under the excitation wavelength of 528 and 976 nm. The stimulated emission cross-section (σe) and figure of merit (FWHM xσe) were calculated and compared with other glasses in order to evaluate the properties of the present samples for optical amplifier. Based on the characterization results, we found that the glass with 2.0 mol% Er3+ ion doped sodium lithium borate glass had the highest stimulated emission cross section compared to other samples and were comparable with the previous reports

Xbee Pro S1 Based Wireless Data Acquisition System for Landslide Monitoring

Landslides are disasters that occur due to the shifting of land. To detect it, we need a system that can monitor it in real-time. Therefore, in this study, a wireless data acquisition system based on the Xbee Pro S1 module was built for monitoring landslides so that the community quickly responded in the event of a disaster. Testing the range of the module is very important to ensure that data communication between the transmitter and receiver can take place. The test carried out in this study was to take the plate distance data on the extensometer by adding a load and then detected using an ultrasonic sensor. The Xbee transmitter sends data to the Xbee receiver in real-time. From the test results, the maximum range of the Xbee Pro S1 module is 150m outdoors with an average delivery time of 15s from the transmitter to the receive

A Study of Multiple Scattering in BGO and LYSO Single Crystal Scintillators

The angular distribution of multiple Compton scatterings from BGO and LYSO single crystal scintillators was studied at various scattering angles. Gamma photons with 662 keV energy, acquired from a 137Cs source, were used. The scattered photons were detected by a 51mm × 51mm NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The overall energy correlated to the total number of scattered incidents was analytically reconstructed. The research found that the multiply scattered incidents had the same energy as received from the singly scattered distribution, as the attribution of multiply scattered incidents near the 90° scattering angle revealed. The research results were in agreement with the theoretical calculations