Exploration the extrudability of aluminum matrix composite (LM6/TIC) through modeling, simulation and experimental process

Aluminum matrix composites (LM6/TiC) is a mix of excellent properties of aluminum casting alloy (LM6), and particles of (TiC) which make it the first choice in many applications like airplane and marine industries. During this research the extrudability and mechanical specifications of this composite (LM6/TiC) are investigated before and after extrusion theoretically and experimentally. In this research; ABAQUS/CAE software has been successfully employed for Modeling and simulation the extrusion process before experiments in order to predict any error before fabrication. The experimental works includes design and fabrication the extrusion mold. The extruded parts are test by (SEM) to show the microstructure properties. Simulation results indicate the positions of stresses concentration (Mises stresses), and also the velocity of dislocation elements during extrusion. Experimental results show that, many mechanical properties are improved and enhanced after extrusion like stiffness and wear resistance. The microstructure test show that, the addition of (5%) wt. of (TiC) particulate with (T6) heat treatment (treating the solution in (525°C) and then ageing for (8) h at 180 °C) to the master alloy (LM6) will improve the strength about more than (15%) comparing with original matrix (LM6). Comparison between theoretical and practical results before and after extrusion indicates significant improvements after adding (TiC) particulates. This improvement is due to the high interference and bonding forces between the master alloy and composite particulates, which result in a fine grain size after the process. Keywords: Aluminum, Extrusion, Composite, TiC, LM6

An Approximated Solutions for nth Order Linear Delay Integro-Differential Equations of Convolution Type Using B-Spline Functions and Weddle Method

The paper is devoted to solve nth order linear delay integro-differential equations of convolution type (DIDE's-CT) using collocation method with the aid of B-spline functions. A new algorithm with the aid of Matlab language is derived to treat numerically three types (retarded, neutral and mixed) of nth order linear DIDE's-CT using B-spline functions and Weddle rule for calculating the required integrals for these equations. Comparison between approximated and exact results has been given in test examples with suitable graphing for every example for solving three types of linear DIDE's-CT of different orders for conciliated the accuracy of the results of the proposed method

Cost-effectiveness analysis of a road improvement proposal based on sustainability Indicators: Case study Al-Nebai-Baghdad highway

Involving the sustainability assessment in the phases of road development project has become necessary to avoid unforeseen consequences. In Iraq, there is a noticeable lack of the environmental and social assessment of the development project. The economic assessment also needs to consider the project life cycle. The unavailability of validated and comprehensive methodologies of assessment is the main obstacle. Therefore, this study aims to outline a methodology of environmental, social and economic (ESE) assessment during pre-construction stages. The rehabilitation and upgrading project of Al-Nebai-Baghdad Highway is selected for this study. The ESE indicators are selected based on the available data and techniques. The needed data; traffic volume, pavement condition, and geometric design characteristics; are collected to process the engineering and the ESE assessment through aggregating several methodologies and analyse the results using thr cost-effectiveness technique. The results of the engineering assessment showed upgrading the traffic level of service to D due to adding a lane when the pavement condition was upgraded to good condition due to a new overlay. The results of the environmental assessment in terms of vehicle emission stated that the new pavement reduced the emission by1831967 tons but the emission due to widening increased by 1046100 tons. The social assessment indicated that the road casualties reduced by 38.5% but it boosted over the service life. The economical assessment demonstrated the worthiness of the project; the Net Present Value is 76,153,580$, the B/C is 3.45 and the IRR is 35.04. It can be concluded that the ESE assessment is applicable and effective in figuring out the negative and positive consequences over the service life. However, improving the data collection system can enhance the comprehensiveness of the adopted methodologies and consider more indicators

Analyzing and Evaluating Economic Indicators and Occupational Safety to Raise Performance Efficiency in Industrial Company: Applied Research in the Babylon Cement Factory

Purpose: Using appropriate indicators to evaluate the efficiency of the economic performance and its ability to achieve its basic and planned goals, and the ability to make optimal use of productive capacities, available economic and human resources, in order to achieve profits.   Theoretical framework: The cement industry in Iraq is considered one of the important industries for its role in the economic and development process, Therefore, those in charge of that industry should strive to find adequate and appropriate methods to develop production in quantity and quality to achieve the principle of self-sufficiency, one of the most important of these methods is the subject of evaluating the efficiency of the economic performance of existing projects for Take appropriate decisions that lead to achieving national economic development.   Design/methodology/approach: Babel Cement Factory suffers from the existence of deviations represented in the decrease in the amount of kiln production, the high production costs and the failure to reach the planned production capacities.   Findings: The economic evaluation criteria of the plant indicate that the year 2018 is better than the year 2017, and the reason is the increase in the amount of oil well cement production for the year 2018. The factory was supplied with quantities of clinker prepared from the Kufa Cement Factory, and this measure helped cover 12% of the salaries and wages value for the year 2018.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The processes of analyzing and evaluating economic factors contribute to improving the performance of companies by focusing on critical factors, developing and adopting them according to the requirements of the labor market and fulfilling the local need for the company’s products using advanced environmentally friendly production equipment, as well as contributing to providing a healthy environment for employees and the surrounding communities.   Originality/value: The results indicate the need to pay attention to modern technical developments and to use equipment with high productivity and a quality level that meets the requirements of the local need in construction and reconstruction, and to reduce the potential environmental impacts

Prevalence of Alcohol Consumption among University Students in Baghdad: A Cross-section survey from Iraq

Background: Alcohol consumption is a well-known public health problem, especially among university students. It was poorly studied in Middle East, especially in Iraq, due to religious and social taboos. This study conducted to throw a light on the prevalence of Alcohol consumption among university students in Baghdad. Subjects and methods: A survey conducted in three universities (Baghdad, Al-Mustansiriyah and Al-Nahrain) from Baghdad city, in the duration between January and May 2015.A semi-structured questionnaire form used to collect the data from 1435 university students. The sample selected by multistage random sampling technique with probability proportion to size. Results: The average age (range) of the studied sample was 19.8 (18 - 24) years; more than a half of them were females 760 (53%). Alcohol consumption was reported by 9.7% (95%CI: 8.2% - 11.2%) of the participants (19.7% males vs. 0.8% females). Heavy Alcohol consumption was reported by 12.2% of consumers. Male students living out of their families or relatives and those of medical group colleges found to be risk factors for Alcohol consumption (PR= 2.65, 95% CI: 1.72 - 4.1) and (PR= 2.72, 95%CI: 1.48 - 5.01) respectively. No significant relations showed between demographic characters of female students and Alcohol consumption. Conclusions: Usage of Alcohol was relatively prevalent among university students in Baghdad, in spite of religious and social barriers in Iraq. Family and college staff supervision and education of the students with meetings targeting health risks and sequels of Alcohol hazardous consumption are the effective ways to control this practice

Improving Fatigue Life of Bolt Adapter of Prosthetic SACH Foot

In this research an analysis for improving the fatigue behavior (safety factor of fatigue) of non- articular prosthetic foot (SACH) in the region (Bolt Adapter).The laser peening was carried to the fatigue specimens to improving the fatigue properties of bolt’s material. The tests of mechanical properties and fatigue behavior were carried for material that the bolt manufacture from it, a region where the failure occur and inserted of these properties to the program of engineering analysis (Ansys) to calculate the safety factor of fatigue. The results showed that the safety factor after hardening by laser is increased by 42.8%

Study the Effects of Reactive Materials Replacement on Some Properties of Cement Mortar

This study involves natural--materials replacement and its reaction with cement mortar behavior for many mortar samples under variable curing time with constant water to cement ratio (W/C = 0.5).In this researchsomeproperties such as (compressive strength the surface hardness and water absorption test), were affected by adding small ratios ofpowder (from (RHA) and (BRP) particles)as replacements to the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) / type (I). The percentages of natural materials additives replacement on the mixture of mortar include (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20%) with constant (W/C) ratio. Also the amount of the fine aggregate used was three times the amount of cement. The results showed that, the compressive strength and splitting tensile strength and water absorption of the mortars for (replacement) gives better properties than mortar without replacement in all tests. Best enhancements in properties for mortars with pozzalanic replacements were achieved at (15%) for (RHA) and 10% for (RBP) replacement from weight of cement

Seroprevalence study of IgG and IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex II in Pregnancy women in Babylon Province

In this work 180 blood samples was collected from pregnant women in Babylon province, Babylon maternity and children hospital from October/2008 to April/2009. It revealed that TORCH infections was; Cytomegalovirus formed (CMV) 57.2% followed by Toxoplasma gondii 55.5% Rubella 53.9%, Herpes simplex II 28.9% and Chlamydia trachomatis 24.4%. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes IgM Antibodies according to various obstetric losses showed that Abortions happened in all causes with high percentage (Over than 30%) except Herpes infections (less than 6%), while congenital anomalies and premature delivery formed high ratio with some different in some cases. Neonatal deaths are very low under 1% except in CMV infections which formed 4.9%. Distribution of age with type of infection according IgM Antibodies to Toxoplasma, Rubella, CMV, Chlamydia trachomatis and Herpes simplex revealed that major age group for infection was between <20 to 40 years which formed more than two third of all infection cases. Residential distribution with type of infection according IgM Antibodies shows that most infection occurred in rural area (over than 50% in all agents) except in Herpes simplex infections which formed 82.7% in urban area. TORCH (Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus and Herpes simplex) infections with incidence of abortion in pregnant women in this study revealed that First trimester was the highest ratio of infection than other two trimesters

Investigation Nano coating for Corrosion Protection of Petroleum Pipeline Steel Type A106 Grade B; Theoretical and Practical Study in Iraqi Petroleum Sector

In the present investigation, titania (TiO2) nano-thin films were deposited on steel type A106-B, by using the Pulse Laser Deposition (PLD) technique to obtain passive layers of nano-coating. Electrochemical methods (Tafel completion) are used for study corrosion behavior of steel coating. The A106-B specimens were evaluated in 3.5 wt. % NaCl aqueous solution by using polarization technique with pH adjustment to 4.0 in order to determine the corrosion rate. The samples of TiO2 thin films were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD, and FTIR. The input parameters were substrate temperature (100, 200 and 300) ’0C’, number of pulse (300, 400 and 500) and fluencies energy (800, 900 and 1000) mJ/cm2, have been investigated to detect their impact on corrosion reduction rate using Taguchi methodology orthogonal array and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The ANOVA results indicates that number of shoots pulse significantly affecting the corrosion rate in PLD technique, which is highest among the contributions of the other parameters which is (58.03%) about three times of the fluencies energy (19.12%).The results show that the TiO2 deposition on steels offers an excellent corrosion resistance about 99 times as compared with uncoated steel. The optimum conditions to minimum values corrosion rate are: temperature of 300ºC, number of laser pulses at 300, and fluencies energy equal to 1000 mJ/cm2. Finally the optimal parameters that was used to predict the conclusions were (98.6) to the response of corrosion rate