12 research outputs found
Histoire dĂ©mographique des ancĂȘtres de la population malgache actuelle Ă partir des donnĂ©es gĂ©nĂ©tiques
Bien que situĂ© Ă 400 km de lâAfrique, les habitants de MadaÂgascar partagent des caractĂ©ristiques linguistiques, culturelles et gĂ©nĂ©tiques avec des populations dâIndonĂ©sie et de la cĂŽte Est dâAfrique. Il a Ă©tĂ© montrĂ© que la population malgache est issue dâun mĂ©lange entre des populations bantu et austronĂ©sienne pendant le dernier millenium. NĂ©anmoins, lâhistoire du peuplement de lâĂźle par les ancĂȘtres de la population malgache actuelle reste encore incomplet et confus. Ici, nous cherchons Ă e..
Histoire évolutive de la maladie carieuse : exemple des populations inuites
La maladie carieuse est une pathologie considĂ©rĂ©e comme le troisiĂšme flĂ©au mondial par lâOrganisation Mondiale de la SantĂ©, puisquâelle touche plus de 99 % des adultes. Historiquement, en Europe, la prĂ©valence carieuse augmente progressivement depuis le NĂ©olithique jusquâĂ atteindre un pic au XXe siĂšcle et ne commence Ă diminuer que depuis les 25 derniĂšres annĂ©es. Cependant, cette maladie nâa pas connu la mĂȘme histoire Ă©volutive dans toutes les populations humaines. Dans le cadre dâune thĂšse,..
Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population
Contribution de lâanthropologie sensorielle Ă lâĂ©tude du COVID-19
En rĂ©ponse Ă la pandĂ©mie COVID-19, de nombreux gouvernements ont pris des mesures sans prĂ©cĂ©dent pour Ă©viter un engorgement des unitĂ©s de rĂ©animation. En raison du lourd impact sociĂ©tal et Ă©conomique de ces initiatives, des indicateurs Ă©pidĂ©miologiques prĂ©cis de la propagation de la maladie sont essentiels aux autoritĂ©s de santĂ© publique. Dans le mĂȘme temps, la perturbation des perceptions des odeurs et du goĂ»t ont Ă©tĂ© identifiĂ©s comme lâun des symptĂŽmes les plus spĂ©cifiques de la maladie COV..
History of dental caries in Inuit populations: genetic implications and âdistance effectâ
ABSTRACTDental caries is considered the third most important scourge in the world. In North America, Inuit populations are the population the most severely affected by dental caries. It is often assumed that this situation can be explained by a combination of factors classical for Indigenous populations: remoteness (geographical distance), low economic status and low health literacy (cultural distance). Using a bibliographic approach, we tested this hypothesis of the âdistance effectâ by exploring the caries prevalence in other Indigenous populations living in high-income countries. Next, we tested whether the high prevalence of caries is due to population-specific characteristics by tracking caries prevalence over the past few centuries. In result, we showed that while other Indigenous populations are more impacted by caries than the general populations, the Inuit populations present the highest prevalence. Paradoxically, we showed also that past Inuit populations were almost immune to caries before 1950. These two elements suggest that the prevalence of caries observed presently is a recent maladaptation and that beyond the effect of cultural and geographical distance, specific biocultural factors have to be investigated
Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population
Self-reported smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID- 1 19 pandemic and of the effectiveness of political decisions 2 3 4
In response to the COVID-19, many governments have taken unprecedented measures in peacetime, to avoid an overflow of intensive care units and critical care resuscitation units (CCRUs). Due to the heavy societal and economic impact of measure such as the lockdown1, accurate means to characterize the spread of the disease would be extremely helpful for the reopening strategies. Concurrently, smell and taste changes have been identified as among the most specific symptoms of COVID-192,3. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are much earlier than the current governmental indicators. We also show a decrease of new onset as early as 5 days after the lockdown enforcement, which is consistent with a rapid effect of the lockdown on the pandemic. Cross-country comparisons show countries with the most stringent lockdown measures (France and Italy) present a faster decline in new reports of the onset of smell/taste changes after the lockdown than a country with less stringent measures (United Kingdom). Public health decision makers could thus monitor self-reported changes in the ability to smell or taste i/as an early and specific indicator of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ii/to evaluate the success of reopening strategies
Self-reported smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and of the effectiveness of political decisions
In response to the COVID-19, many governments have taken unprecedented measures in peacetime, to avoid an overflow of intensive care units and critical care resuscitation units (CCRUs). Due to the heavy societal and economic impact of measure such as the lockdown1, accurate means to characterize the spread of the disease would be extremely helpful for the reopening strategies. Concurrently, smell and taste changes have been identified as among the most specific symptoms of COVID-192,3. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are much earlier than the current governmental indicators. We also show a decrease of new onset as early as 5 days after the lockdown enforcement, which is consistent with a rapid effect of the lockdown on the pandemic. Cross-country comparisons show countries with the most stringent lockdown measures (France and Italy) present a faster decline in new reports of the onset of smell/taste changes after the lockdown than a country with less stringent measures (United Kingdom). Public health decision makers could thus monitor self-reported changes in the ability to smell or taste i/as an early and specific indicator of the COVID-19 pandemic, and ii/to evaluate the success of reopening strategies
Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population
Smell and taste changes are early indicators of the COVID-19 pandemic and political decision effectiveness
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments have taken drastic measures to avoid an overflow of intensive care units. Accurate metrics of disease spread are critical for the reopening strategies. Here, we show that self-reports of smell/taste changes are more closely associated with hospital overload and are earlier markers of the spread of infection of SARS-CoV-2 than current governmental indicators. We also report a decrease in self-reports of new onset smell/taste changes as early as 5 days after lockdown enforcement. Cross-country comparisons demonstrate that countries that adopted the most stringent lockdown measures had faster declines in new reports of smell/taste changes following lockdown than a country that adopted less stringent lockdown measures. We propose that an increase in the incidence of sudden smell and taste change in the general population may be used as an indicator of COVID-19 spread in the population