7 research outputs found
Utilisation et vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales et stratĂ©gies d'adaptation des populations riveraines de la ForĂȘt ClassĂ©e du Kou (Burkina Faso)
La problĂ©matique de la dĂ©forestation est importante dans les rĂ©gions arides et semi-arides de lâAfrique. Les politiques de gestion des forĂȘts excluant les besoins rĂ©els des populations font quâelle persiste. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă amĂ©liorer la gestion participative et durable des forĂȘts classĂ©es au Burkina Faso. Une enquĂȘte ethnobotanique impliquant 60 mĂ©nages des villages riverains de la ForĂȘt ClassĂ©e du Kou et un inventaire floristique sur 36 placettes ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s. Lâindice de vulnĂ©rabilitĂ© des espĂšces a Ă©tĂ© calculĂ© et des analyses statistiques multidimensionnelles ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la forĂȘt comporte 206 espĂšces dont 80 utilisĂ©es pour lâalimentation (100%), la mĂ©decine (96,7%), lâartisanat (88,71%), la construction (88,7%), la bioĂ©nergie (75,81%) et le fourrage (64,52%). Les produits recherchĂ©s sont : fruits (100%), feuilles (95,16%) et bois (93,55%). Le V-test et lâACM rĂ©vĂšlent une utilisation influencĂ©e par la profession, le sexe et le niveau acadĂ©mique. Des espĂšces utilisĂ©es, 68,75% sont vulnĂ©rables et 53,75% sont sur la liste rouge de lâUICN. Comme stratĂ©gies dâadaptation, 58,82% des enquĂȘtĂ©s proposent lâagroforesterie et 41,18% proposent la substitution des espĂšces menacĂ©es. Il est indĂ©niable que cette forĂȘt classĂ©e couvre les besoins essentiels des populations riveraines qui doivent sâimposer une exploitation rationnelle de ses ressources.
English title: Use and vulnerability of plant species and adaptation strategies of the riparian populations of the Kou Classified Forest (Burkina Faso)
The problem of deforestation is important in the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa. Forest management policies that exclude the real needs of the population justify the persistence of deforestation. This study aims to improve the participatory and sustainable management of classified forests in Burkina Faso. An ethnobotanical survey involving 60 households in the villages bordering the Kou Classified Forest and a floristic inventory on 36 plots were carried out. The species vulnerability index was calculated and multivariate statistical analyses were performed. The results show that the forest contains 206 species, 80 of which are used for food (100%), medicine (96.7%), handicrafts (88.71%), construction (88.7%), fuelwood (75.81%) and fodder (64.52%). The products sought are: fruits (100%), leaves (95.16%) and wood (93.55%). The V-test and the MCA reveal a use influenced by profession, gender and academic level. Of the species used, 68.75% are vulnerable and 53.75% are on the IUCN Red List. As adaptation strategies, 58.82% of the respondents propose agroforestry and 41.18% propose the substitution of threatened species by those available. It is undeniable that this classified forest covers the essential needs of the riparian populations who must impose themselves a rational exploitation of its resources.
 
Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level
Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 84.7%) were from low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 62.8%), followed by strabismus (n = 429 10.2%) and proptosis (n = 309 7.4%). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 95% CI, 12.94-24.80, and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 95% CI, 4.30-7.68). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs. Ă© 2020 American Medical Association. All rights reserved
Structure des populations de Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn. (karité) dans les parcs agroforestiers au Burkina Faso
Description du sujet. Au Burkina Faso, le karitĂ© est une espĂšce hautement utilitaire conservĂ©e par les producteurs dans un systĂšme intĂ©grĂ© d'utilisation des terres, dĂ©nommĂ© parc agroforestier, dont la pĂ©rennitĂ© est menacĂ©e. Objectifs. CaractĂ©riser la structure des populations de karitĂ© afin de mettre en Ă©vidence les zones prioritaires pour la restauration. MĂ©thode. Les sites d'Ă©tude, rĂ©partis selon un gradient climatique, sont au nombre de six. Des inventaires phytosociologiques ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s dans 10 parcelles permanentes de 2 500mÂČ chacune par site, soit cinq parcelles dans des champs et cinq dans des jachĂšres d'Ăąges > 15 ans. RĂ©sultats. Il a Ă©tĂ© dĂ©nombrĂ© 41 espĂšces ligneuses rĂ©parties dans 30 genres et 16 familles. La structure des peuplements dans le secteur subsahĂ©lien est dĂ©gradĂ©e. Dans le secteur nord soudanien, la structure est caractĂ©risĂ©e par une population de karitĂ© vieillissante dans les champs, alors que les jachĂšres prĂ©sentent un fort potentiel de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration. Le sud soudanien est marquĂ© par la prĂ©dominance des jeunes individus. Au premier stade, la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration est importante mais elle disparait rapidement sous l'effet combinĂ© de plusieurs facteurs mĂ©sologiques. Le secteur subsahĂ©lien et les champs dans le nord soudanien sont les sites prioritaires en termes de repeuplement des parcs Ă karitĂ©. Conclusions. Le karitĂ© doit faire l'objet de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration assistĂ©e et de protection contre la coupe Ă l'Ă©chelle de son aire de distribution au Burkina Faso
A DEMOGRAPHIC PARADOX: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING IN NORTHEASTERN AFRICA
Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level
This cross-sectional analysis reports the retinoblastoma stage at
diagnosis across the world during a single year, investigates
associations between clinical variables and national income level, and
investigates risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis.
Key PointsQuestionIs the income level of a country of residence
associated with the clinical stage of presentation of patients with
retinoblastoma? FindingsIn this cross-sectional analysis that included
4351 patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma, approximately half of
all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, 49.1\% of patients from
low-income countries had extraocular tumor at time of diagnosis compared
with 1.5\% of patients from high-income countries. MeaningThe clinical
stage of presentation of retinoblastoma, which has a major influence on
survival, significantly differs among patients from low-income and
high-income countries, which may warrant intervention on national and
international levels.
ImportanceEarly diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular
cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal
evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed
late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has
never been assessed on a global scale. ObjectivesTo report the
retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a
single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and
national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced
disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and ParticipantsA total of 278
retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through
December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of
treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017.
Main Outcomes and MeasuresAge at presentation, proportion of familial
history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. ResultsThe
cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at
diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976
patients (45.4\%) were female. Most patients (n=3685 {[}84.7\%]) were
from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common
indication for referral was leukocoria (n=2638 {[}62.8\%]), followed by
strabismus (n=429 {[}10.2\%]) and proptosis (n=309 {[}7.4\%]). Patients
from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1
months, with 656 of 666 (98.5\%) patients having intraocular
retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3\%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income
countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521
(49.1\%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9\%) having
metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older
presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and
distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of
retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs
even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs
upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 {[}95\% CI, 12.94-24.80],
and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries
and HICs, 5.74 {[}95\% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and RelevanceThis
study is estimated to have included more than half of all new
retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the
main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with
more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial
history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a
childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are
concerning and mandate intervention at national and international
levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than
age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in
LMICs