No arbitrage and closure results for trading cones with transaction costs

In this paper, we consider trading with proportional transaction costs as in Schachermayer’s paper (Schachermayer in Math. Finance 14:19–48, 2004). We give a necessary and sufficient condition for ${\mathcal{A}}$ , the cone of claims attainable from zero endowment, to be closed. Then we show how to define a revised set of trading prices in such a way that, firstly, the corresponding cone of claims attainable for zero endowment, ${\tilde{ {\mathcal{A}}}}$ , does obey the fundamental theorem of asset pricing and, secondly, if ${\tilde{ {\mathcal{A}}}}$ is arbitrage-free then it is the closure of ${\mathcal{A}}$ . We then conclude by showing how to represent claims

Multiple phase slips phenomena in mesoscopic superconducting rings

We investigate the behavior of a mesoscopic one-dimensional ring in an external magnetic field by simulating the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equations with periodic boundary conditions. We analyze the stability and the different possible evolutions for the phase slip phenomena starting from a metastable state. We find a stability condition relating the winding number of the initial solution and the number of flux quanta penetrating the ring. The analysis of multiple phase slips solutions is based on analytical results and simulations. The role of the ratio of two characteristic times u is studied for the case of a multiple phase slips transition. We found out that if u>>1, consecutive multiple phase slips will be more favorable than simultaneous ones. If u>1 is often a necessary condition to reach the ground state. The influence of the Langevin noise on the kinetics of the phase transition is discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Overview of hacking tools and protection of modern ICT devices

This article describes security threats possibility in modern devices, and also teaches how to properly protect yourself and your confidential information

Energy-gap dynamics of superconducting NbN thin films studied by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy

Using time-domain Terahertz spectroscopy we performed direct studies of the photoinduced suppression and recovery of the superconducting gap in a conventional BCS superconductor NbN. Both processes are found to be strongly temperature and excitation density dependent. The analysis of the data with the established phenomenological Rothwarf-Taylor model enabled us to determine the bare quasiparticle recombination rate, the Cooper pair-breaking rate and the electron-phonon coupling constant, \lambda = 1.1 +/- 0.1, which is in excellent agreement with theoretical estimates.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures; final version, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Let

Controlled vaporization of the superconducting condensate in cuprate superconductors sheds light on the pairing boson

We use ultrashort intense laser pulses to study superconducting state vaporization dynamics in La(2-x)Sr(x)CuO4 (x=0.1 and 0.15) on the femtosecond timescale. We find that the energy density required to vaporize the superconducting state is 2+- 0.8 K/Cu and 2.6 +- 1 K/Cu for x=0.1 and 0.15 respectively. This is significantly greater than the condensation energy density, indicating that the quasiparticles share a large amount of energy with the boson glue bath on this timescale. Considering in detail both spin and lattice energy relaxation pathways which take place on the relevant timescale of picoseconds, we rule out purely spin-mediated pair-breaking in favor of phonon-mediated mechanisms, effectively ruling out spin-mediated pairing in cuprates as a consequence.Comment: 5 pages of article plus 4 pages of supplementary materia

Relaxation Dynamics of Photoinduced Changes in the Superfluid Weight of High-Tc Superconductors

In the transient state of d-wave superconductors, we investigate the temporal variation of photoinduced changes in the superfluid weight. We derive the formula that relates the nonlinear response function to the nonequilibrium distribution function. The latter qunatity is obtained by solving the kinetic equation with the electron-electron and the electron-phonon interaction included. By numerical calculations, a nonexponential decay is found at low temperatures in contrast to the usual exponential decay at high temperatures. The nonexponential decay originates from the nonmonotonous temporal variation of the nonequilibrium distribution function at low energies. The main physical process that causes this behavior is not the recombination of quasiparticles as previous phenomenological studies suggested, but the absorption of phonons.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figures; to be published in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Vol. 80, No.

Monitoring of the principles of awards law of the Russian Federation subjects

Objective: to assess the state of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects and to develop measuresto improve it.Methods: the main methods of the conducted research are general scientific methods of cognition: analysis, synthesis, comparison, extrapolation, and the specific-legal methods of cognition of award relations based on them, used in the Russian theory of law and the state.Results: the knowledge about the legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects is systematized; the features of the legal regulation of the higher official (state) regional awards system formation and application by the legal norms of the Russian Federation subjects are identified. Typical shortcomings of the constitutional and legal regulation of award relations in individual Russian Federation subjects are revealed: on the one hand, the lack of consolidation of the regional awards institution within the constitutional (statutory) legislation, and on the other hand, excessive detailing of award relations in regional constitutions and statutes, which is to be reflected in the norms of special regional award legislation. Measures are proposed to eliminate the identified shortcomings and improve the constitutional and legal regulation of award relations in the Russian Federation subjects.Scientific novelty: for the first time in the Russian legal science, a monitoring study of the principles of award law of the Russian Federation subjects was conducted, which allows assessing the quality of legal regulation of award relations in the Russian regions.Practical significance: the results obtained can be used in the law-making activities of state authorities of the Russian Federation subjects to improve the legal regulation of award relations