The Impact of Psycho social Intervention on Sexually Abused Children: A Case of Selected Organizations Working With Children In Nairobi County.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of psychosocial support interventions on sexually abused children. The global prevalence of child sexual abuse has been estimated to be 19.7% for females and 7.9% for males (Pereda, 2009). Africa has the highest prevalence rate of 34.4% (Anderson, 2012). Kenya National Survey on Violence against Children (2010) indicated that 32% of females and 18% of males experienced sexual violence before the age of 18. Paolucci (2001) identified outcomes of child sexual abuse namely; posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, suicide, sexual promiscuity, victim-perpetrator cycle, and poor academic performance. The researcher used case study method of selected organization, Kibra Community Self-Help Program in Kibra Sub-county. Purposive sampling was used to establish a sample size of 68 respondents. The quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and presented. The study established that about two third of children who were sexually abused had their psychosocial well-being enhanced. Support groups, counselling, medical treatment, going back to school, law enforcement and play therapy were among the effective psychosocial interventions used for their psychosocial well-being. Findings from the study would be useful to the government and other stakeholders. Recommendation to the government is to include psychosocial support into legal frameworks and policies, avail sufficient funds and human resource for implementation. Keywords: A Child, Child Sexual Abuse, Psychosocial and Psychosocial intervention

Complications of Fracture Treatment by Traditional Bone Setters in Wolaita Sodo, southern Ethiopia

Introduction: Majority of the population in developing countries use traditional medicine due to the fact that the majority reside in rural areas where modern health service is relatively inaccessible and expensive. Methods: Prospective hospital based cross sectional survey was conducted in Wolaita Sodo to assess complications of fractures treatment by traditional bone setters admitted at Sodo Christian Teaching Hospital (SCGH), Wolaita Zone, southern Ethiopia. All patients with fractures presented to SCGH during the period from March – August 2012 were included in the study. Results: Among patients exhibited complications during their first visit for fracture treatment at emergency unit in the hospital 70 (56.91%) had a history of having fracture treatment by TBS. Out of which 37 patients (52.87%) had stiffness of joint, 6 patients (8.57%) developed infection, 6 patients (8.57%) had mal union, 4 patients (5.71%) had lengthening discrepancy, 4 patients (5.71%) had nonunion, 4 patients (5.71%) had Volkman's ischemic contracture, 3 patients (4.29%) developed gangrene, 3 patient (4.29%) had swelling, 1 patient (1.43%) had nerve injury, 1 patient’s (1.43%) case resulted in delayed union and 1(1.43%) resulted in instability. Multivariate analysis indicated the presence of significant association between treatment of fractures by TBS and falling accident with complications. Conclusion: Treatment of fractures by TBS and falling accident were found associated with complication. However, the majority believe in the importance of the role of TBS in treating fracture. Key words: Traditional Bone Setters, Fracture Treatment, Complicatio

Bidirectional direct current-direct current converter for fuel cell and renewable energy hybrid systems

A bidirectional dc-dc power converter is an essential part of a HFCEV (Hybrid Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle) and renewable energy hybrid system. This paper presents a new bidirectional dc-dc power converter for HFCEV and renewable energy hybrid systems. The proposed converter is called four phases floating interleaved boost converter. Two control strategies of the dc-bus voltage are discussed. In the first one, a dual loop with linear current and voltage controllers is developed, based on the frequency response of the system. In the second one, the linear current controller is replaced by a non-linear sliding mode current controller, to improve the system performance from the robustness point of view. The non-linear sliding mode controller is designed based on the average model of the proposed topology. The proposed control strategies have been validated by simulation and experimental results

Performance of an adapted household food insecurity access scale in measuring seasonality in household food insecurity in rural Ethiopia: a cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: Seasonality poses a considerable food security challenge in Ethiopia. Yet, measuring seasonal variations in food insecurity, particularly the dimension of food access, lacks an adequately validated tool. We therefore evaluated the performance of an adapted Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) to estimate seasonal variations in food insecurity (FI) among subsistence villagers in Ethiopia. METHODS: We employed a cohort study design using a panel of four repeated measurements taken in June, September, and December in the year 2017, and in March 2018. The study recruited 473 villagers from the drought-affected Wolaita area in southwest Ethiopia. The performance of the HFIAS was evaluated via internal consistency (Chronbach's alpha values) and criterion validation techniques. The set of criteria include: parallelism between affirmative responses to FI questions and wealth strata; dose-response relationship between FI and dietary intake; and also FI severity and household wealth status. RESULTS: This study revealed that the HFIAS had satisfactory performance in four repeated measurements. The likelihood of affirmative responses to questions about FI decreased with ascending wealth quintiles. We observed an inverse dose-response relationship between FI and wealth status, and between FI and household dietary diversity. CONCLUSIONS: The HFIAS showed an acceptable potential for measuring seasonal variations in FI in the study area. Our findings complement efforts to evaluate the scale's applicability in various settings, in order to promote cross-culture monitoring and comparisons. However, it required a careful adaption for contextual and cultural sensitivities

Treatment outcomes of severe acute malnutrition in children treated within Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP) at Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: retrospective cross-sectional study

Background: Children in third world countries suffer from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in an extent of public health important. SAM management protocol available this time brought the approach from facility-based to community-based by Outpatient Therapeutic Program (OTP). But, little was known about the treatment outcomes of the program in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was aimed to assess treatment outcomes of SAM and identify factors associated among children treated at OTP in Wolaita Zone. Methods: A retrospective facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted in OTP records of 794 children, treated at 24 health posts retrieved from January to December 2014. Population proportion to size (PPS) was used to allocate sample for each selected district and OTP sites within district. Individual cards of children were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were entered, thoroughly cleaned, and analyzed in SPSS version 20. Results: The recovery rate was revealed as 64.9% at 95% CI (61, 68). Death rate, default rate, weight gain, and length of stay were 1.2%, 2.2%, 4.2 g/kg/day, and 6.8 weeks respectively. Children living in <25 min were with 1.53 times higher odds of recovery than children residing in 6525 min (AOR = 1.53 at 95% CI (1.11, 2.12)). The likelihood of recovery was 2. 6 times higher for children with kwashiorkor than for those with marasmus (AOR = 2.62 at 95% CI (1.77, 3.89)). Likewise, children provided with amoxicillin were 1.52 times more likely to recover compared to their counterparts (AOR = 1.52 at 95% CI (1.09, 2.11)). Conclusions: The recovery rate and weight gain were lower than sphere standard. Distance from OTP, provision of amoxicillin, and type of malnutrition were factors identified as significantly associated with treatment outcome of SAM. Building capacity of OTP service providers and regular monitoring of service provision based on the management protocol were recommended

Manifolds boosting severe acute malnutrition burden among children in and around Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: mini-review

Abstract Objectives Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) has been considered as the complex nutritional problem within developing countries. Alleviating its occurrence also exists in an anxiety. A series of studies were conducted to disclose evidences and documented by here author. Moreover key messages were abstracted with this review easing access of texts. Results Due to pitiable sanitary practices 30% of cow milk had massive bacterial isolates like Escherichia coli; while usage of raw milk has been common do. Besides the mean severe household food insecurity was 6.5% and practice of family planning was 30%; whilst family size subsists as predictor for household food insecurity. The habits of exclusive breastfeeding, timely initiation of complementary feeding and apt complementary feeding were 78%, 34% and 11%, respectively with awareness as predictor. On the other hand SAM has been recognized as problem in children and treated mainly in outpatient therapeutic program by curative foods. Yet the provided foods were shared due to severe household food insecurity causing SAM recovery rate intolerable. So children get severely underfed by multidimensional determinants and need multifaceted strategies starting from awareness creation and alleviating household food insecurity

The Riddle of Community Resilience: Neighborhood Struggles for and against Clearance in Israel 1950s–1970s

Resilience is a concept of concern to researchers of humanitarian disasters and crises as well as relief organizations and agencies. Compelling findings in recent studies demonstrate the centrality of social networks and connections, among individuals and groups, in powering rehabilitation processes after disasters and crises. Derived from this perspective is the concept of community resilience, based on Ozawa’s definition as groups and individuals working together to minimize the adverse consequences of crisis. This study aims to demonstrate that the postulate that communities can attain their objectives if only they “work together”, irrespective of their material resources, remains valid in situations of protracted crisis such as economic distress or lengthy struggle against economically or politically powerful elements. I wish to substantiate and prove this hypothesis by micro-historical reconstruction and analysis that sheds light on practices used by local neighborhood committees in view of protracted crises resulting from severe poverty and clearance plans. The article is based on two case studies harvested from the history of Israel. The first looks at Nahalat Ahim, a neighborhood in the southern segment of the Nahlaot cluster of neighborhoods in central Jerusalem, and the second, at the Shemen Beach (Hof Shemen) neighborhood of Haifa. The advantage of historical research, which by nature deals with matters already concluded, lies in its retrospective gaze on ways members of a community in crisis coped. An after-the-fact contemplation such as this, allows us to identify additional variables that may enhance our understanding of the community-resilience phenomenon in current contexts as well