Estimation of the geographical coordinates of objects on the image with multi-task convolutional neural networks

Determining GPS coordinates of the objects on the image is exceptionally complex problem. Images often contain enough information such as landmarks, cloud texture, grass type, road signs or architectural features that allow suggesting the location where the photo was taken. Previously, such issue was solved with image search methods. In contrast, the problem is stated as a classification task, subdividing the Earth's surface into geographical cells using a special type of space- filling curve. Thousands of differently scaled geographical cells, used to train the model. In this paper, several deep learning methods that follow the latter approach and take advantage of multitask learning are presented. Taking into account the content of the scene of the image, i.e. inside, outside, wild or urban setting, etc. is proposed. As a result, additional information with different spatial resolutions as well as more specific features for different environments are included in the learning process of the convolutional neural network. Reported metrics demonstrate the effectiveness of our out-of-the-box approach, while using a helper network to combine two datasets combined to spread scene labels on GPS dataset and receive more robust model. This model does not rely on search methods, which require an enormous amount of computational power, and implements a probabilistic approach

Analysis and research of existing ERASMUS + projects for students

Nowadays, the analysis of existing exchange programs is an important task for students. The importance of this work is that it makes it possible to find the necessary program for students, based on their knowledge and capabilities. There are a huge number of exchange programs, but it is very important to find the program on which student will be the best candidate and where student have the right to participate. Erasmus+ stands for European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students. It’s a Higher Education exchange program for students, teachers and institutions, run in the UK by the British Council. Basically, it’s a chance for universities and students across 33 countries to mingle, learn new skills, expand their horizons, study for 1-2 semesters or doing an internship abroad in another country for a period of at least 2 months and maximum 12 months per cycle of studies

Modeling and simulating for the treatment of subjectivity in the process of choosing personnel using fuzzy logic

Every day organizations pay more attention to Human Resources Management, because the human factor is preponderant in the results of it. One of the important policies is the Selection of Personnel, these are needed for their decision-making results, which in many organizations is done in a subjective manner and which brings consequences not very favorable to them. Taking this problem into account, it is decided to design and apply procedures and tools of fuzzy mathematics to reduce subjectivity and uncertainty in decision-making, creating work algorithms for this policy that includes multifactorial weights and analysis with measurement indicators that they allow tangible and reliable results. In this case of personnel selection, eight candidates were taken into account and by applying a diffuse evaluation system, the candidate with the highest rating of 98% was chosen. This indicates that subjectivity was reduced when choosing the best evaluated candidate

Абсцесс легкого как осложнение COVID-19-пневмонии: клинический случай

The article describes a case of polysegmental destructive viral-bacterial pneumonia complicated with acute pulmonary abscess, pleural empyema, and pneumopleurofibrosis in a 50-year-old female patient infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The first clinical, laboratory and radiological signs of purulent-necrotic inflammation appeared only 20 days after receiving a positive RT-PCR test result with a nasopharyngeal swab. A month later, an emerging abscess in the lower lobe of the right lung was diagnosed. Subsequently, it spontaneously drained into the pleural cavity.Coagulopathy with the formation of microthrombi in small pulmonary vessels is one of the causative factors of lung abscess in patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus.В статье описан случай полисегментарной деструктивной вирусно-бактериальной пневмонии, осложненной острым абсцессом легкого, эмпиемой плевры и пневмоплеврофиброзом у 50-летней пациентки, находившейся на лечении в стационаре по поводу COVID-19-пневмонии, подтвержденной выявлением ПЦР РНК SARS-CoV-2. Первые клинико-лабораторно-рентгенологические признаки гнойно-некротического воспаления появились через 20 дней после получения положительного результата ПЦР-теста в мазке со слизистой носоглотки. Еще через месяц был диагностирован формирующийся абсцесс в нижней доле правого легкого, который в последующем самопроизвольно дренировался в плевральную полость.Одним из факторов формирования абсцесса легкого при COVID-19-пневмонии может быть нарушение свертывающей системы крови с образованием микротромбов в мелких легочных сосудах

Осложнения COVID-19-ассоциированной пневмонии: тромбоз ветвей легочных артерий (клинический случай)

The article presents a rare case of thrombosis of the pulmonary arteries branches, which developed in a patient two months after infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, that caused bilateral polysegmental pneumonia. The thrombosis was suspected because of a high plasma D-dimer level. Contrast-enhanced chest CT was performed to make a definitive diagnosis. The absence of blood clots in the veins of the lower extremities and pelvis allowed us to conclude that the patient did not have thromboembolism, but rather a pulmonary thrombosis in situ. Such possible causes of venousthromboembolic complications as tumors, systemic diseases of the connective tissue, and antiphospholipid syndrome were excluded based on negative tests for tumor and autoimmune diseases markers. The long-stay in the hospital was associated with the inability of the patient to maintain the normal level of blood oxygen saturation independently due to the large area of the lung damage associated with COVID-19 pneumonia and ischemia caused by thrombosis of the branches of the pulmonary arteries.Представлен редкий случай тромбоза ветвей (ТВ) легочных артерий (ЛА), развившийся у пациента через 2 мес. после инфицирования вирусом SARS-CoV-2, вызвавшим двустороннюю полисегментарную пневмонию. Диагноз тромбоз верифицирован при проведении компьютерной томографии органов грудной клетки с контрастным усилением. Предиктором тромбоза являлся повышенный уровень плазменной концентрации D-димера. Ввиду отсутствия тромбов в венах нижних конечностей и таза сделано заключение, что у пациента не тромбоэмболия, а именно ТВ ЛА in situ. На основании отрицательных тестов на онкомаркеры и маркеры аутоиммунных заболеваний исключены такие возможные причины венозно-тромбоэмболических осложнений, как опухоли, системные заболевания соединительной ткани и антифосфолипидный синдром. Длительное пребывание пациента в стационаре было связано с невозможностью самостоятельно поддерживать нормальный уровень сатурации крови кислородом из-за большой площади поражения легких и ишемии легочной ткани, обусловленной ТВ ЛА

Prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic treatment in a Kosovar adult population

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Despite numerous studies on the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment in diverse geographical populations, there are currently no data on the prevalence of these conditions in populations of adults native to Kosovo. Therefore, little is known about how widespread these conditions are, and whether there is any correlation between root canal treatment and AP. The purpose of our research was to address this anomaly by investigating AP and endodontic treatment in an adult Kosovar population based on radiographic examination.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample used for this study consisted of randomly selected individuals referred to the University Dentistry Clinical Center of Kosovo in the years 2006-2007. Orthopantomographs of 193 patients were evaluated. The periapical status of all teeth (with the exception of third molars) was examined according to Ørstavik's Periapical Index. The quality of the root canal filling was rated as 'adequate' or 'inadequate' based on whether all canals were filled, the depth of fill relative to the radiographic apex and the quality of compaction (absence/presence of voids). Data were analyzed statistically using the Chi-square test and calculation of odds ratios.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Out of 4131 examined teeth, the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and endodontic treatment was 12.3% and 2.3%, respectively. Of 95 endodontically-treated teeth, 46.3% were associated with AP. The prevalence of AP increased with age. The prevalence in subjects aged over 60 years old (20.2%) was higher than in other age groups. A statistically significant difference was found for the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth associated with AP in the 40-49 year age group (P < 0.001). Of some concern was the discovery that only 30.5% of the endodontically-treated teeth examined met the criteria of an acceptable root canal filling. Inadequately root-filled teeth were associated with an increased AP risk.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The prevalence of AP and the frequency of endodontically-treated teeth with AP in this Kosovar population are higher than those found in other countries. Inadequate root canal fillings were associated with an increased prevalence of AP.</p

Cross-sectional evaluation of the periapical status as related to quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations in a rural adult male population of Turkey

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To determine the prevalence of periapical lesions in root canal-treated teeth in a rural, male adult, Turkish population and to investigate the influence of the quality of root canal fillings on prevalence of periapical lesions.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample for this cross-sectional study consisted of 552 adult male patients, 18-32 years of age, presenting consecutively as new patients seeking routine dental care at the Dental Sciences of Gulhane Military Medicine, Ankara. The radiographs of the 1014 root canal-treated teeth were evaluated. The teeth were grouped according to the radiographic quality of the root canal filling and the coronal restoration. The criteria used for the examination were slightly modified from those described by De Moor. Periapical status was assessed by the Periapical Index scores (PAI) proposed by Orstavik.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The overall success rate of root canal treatment was 32.1%. The success rates of adequately root canal treatment were significantly higher than inadequately root canal treatment, regardless of the quality or presence of the coronal restoration (P < .001). In addition, the success rate of inadequate root canal treatment was also significantly affected by the quality of coronal restorations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results revealed a high prevalence of periapical lesions in root canal treatment, which is comparable to that reported in other methodologically compatible studies from diverse geographical locations. In addition, the results from the present study confirm the findings of other studies that found the quality of the root canal treatment to be a key factor for prognosis with or without adequate coronal restoration.</p

Fit between humanitarian professionals and project requirements: hybrid group decision procedure to reduce uncertainty in decision-making

Choosing the right professional that has to meet indeterminate requirements is a critical aspect in humanitarian development and implementation projects. This paper proposes a hybrid evaluation methodology for some non-governmental organizations enabling them to select the most competent expert who can properly and adequately develop and implement humanitarian projects. This methodology accommodates various stakeholders’ perspectives in satisfying the unique requirements of humanitarian projects that are capable of handling a range of uncertain issues from both stakeholders and project requirements. The criteria weights are calculated using a two-step multi-criteria decision-making method: (1) Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process for the evaluation of the decision maker weights coupled with (2) Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to rank the alternatives which provide the ability to take into account both quantitative and qualitative evaluations. Sensitivity analysis have been developed and discussed by means of a real case of expert selection problem for a non-profit organisation. The results show that the approach allows a decrease in the uncertainty associated with decision-making, which proves that the approach provides robust solutions in terms of sensitivity analysis