Work Values in European Countries: Empirical Evidence and Explanations

This exploratory study mapped work values in European countries and examined socio-economic and cultural explanations of between-country differences in the relative importance of various work values. The data from the latest wave of the European Values Study (EVS) covered 45 European countries. Exploratory factor analysis was used in order to capture the information of initial indicators into a reasonable number of dimensions. It was confirmed that extrinsic (instrumental) work values have more importance in countries with a lower level of socio-economic development. Regarding cultural explanations, no effect of individualism-collectivism was found, but uncertainty avoidance turned out to be positively correlated with affective work values and negatively with self-actualisation.work values, Europe, Maslow’s hierarchy, cultural dimension.

Grieving Mental Illness: Individual Experiences of Grief, Loss, and Growth

The purpose of this study was to explore the grief experience of people who develop severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMI). Group members and facilitators of a Grieving Mental Illness group that met at a suburban drop-in center were asked to voluntarily participant in semi-structured, qualitative, in-person interviews. Content analysis was used to find themes in the group member and facilitator interviews. The findings indicated that individuals with SPMI have a unique grief experience that is enhanced by many factors. Group participants expressed having cycling feelings of grief. These feeling were triggered by life events or reminders of the loss they experienced and were affected by outside factors, like negative reactions from family because of the mental illness. Group participants did not identify that they were grieving until they joined the Grieving Mental Illness group, but after addressing areas of grief they were able to accept themselves and their new reality. Facilitators identified the need for acknowledgement that mental illness exists and can cause grief. They also observed that gaining insight for ill individuals into the effects of having a mental illness can take time; connecting with other people can be an important healing component for grief; and feelings of grief cycle throughout a person’s life. Further research as well as grief services for individuals with SPMI diagnosis’ are needed to help individuals process areas of grief

Grieving Mental Illness: Individual Experiences of Grief, Loss, and Growth

The purpose of this study was to explore the grief experience of people who develop severe and persistent mental illnesses (SPMI). Group members and facilitators of a Grieving Mental Illness group that met at a suburban drop-in center were asked to voluntarily participant in semi-structured, qualitative, in-person interviews. Content analysis was used to find themes in the group member and facilitator interviews. The findings indicated that individuals with SPMI have a unique grief experience that is enhanced by many factors. Group participants expressed having cycling feelings of grief. These feeling were triggered by life events or reminders of the loss they experienced and were affected by outside factors, like negative reactions from family because of the mental illness. Group participants did not identify that they were grieving until they joined the Grieving Mental Illness group, but after addressing areas of grief they were able to accept themselves and their new reality. Facilitators identified the need for acknowledgement that mental illness exists and can cause grief. They also observed that gaining insight for ill individuals into the effects of having a mental illness can take time; connecting with other people can be an important healing component for grief; and feelings of grief cycle throughout a person’s life. Further research as well as grief services for individuals with SPMI diagnosis’ are needed to help individuals process areas of grief

Unequal ideas: Reflections on designing politics, an urban ideas competition in Rio de Janeiro

This article initiates a discussion about the unequal geography of the labor that challenges institutions and processes of public scholarship in design. The comparison between the urban competitions in New York, London, and Rio de Janeiro demonstrates that it was only in the Global South that challenges to the technology of the competition were raised. These challenges were based on issues of power imbalances between institutions both within and between the Global North and Global South, and around questions of the social inequalities embedded in the structures of the competition itself (the submissions, the jury, the exhibition). Through this analysis, the article suggests that the burden of labor for decolonizing rests on those already oppressed by systems embedded in the continuous presence of colonialism

Can variability in the effect of opioids on refractory breathlessness be explained by genetic factors?

© 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved. Objectives: Opioids modulate the perception of breathlessness with a considerable variation in response, with poor correlation between the required opioid dose and symptom severity. The objective of this hypothesis-generating, secondary analysis was to identify candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) from those associated with opioid receptors, signalling or pain modulation to identify any related to intensity of breathlessness while on opioids. This can help to inform prospective studies and potentially lead to better tailoring of opioid therapy for refractory breathlessness. Setting: 17 hospice/palliative care services (tertiary services) in 11 European countries. Participants: 2294 people over 18 years of age on regular opioids for pain related to cancer or its treatment. Primary outcome measures: The relationship between morphine dose, breathlessness intensity (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Core Quality of Life Questionnaire; EORTCQLQC30 question 8) and 112 candidate SNPs from 25 genes (n=588). Secondary outcome measures: The same measures for people on oxycodone (n=402) or fentanyl (n=429). Results: SNPs not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium or with allele frequencies ( < 5%) were removed. Univariate associations between each SNP and breathlessness intensity were determined with Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate set at 20%. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression, clustering over country and adjusting for available confounders, was conducted with remaining SNPs. For univariate morphine associations, 1 variant on the 5-hydroxytryptamine type 3B (HTR3B) gene, and 4 on the β-2-arrestin gene (ARRB2) were associated with more intense breathlessness. 1 SNP remained significant in the multivariable model: people with rs7103572 SNP (HTR3B gene; present in 8.4% of the population) were three times more likely to have more intense breathlessness (OR 2.86; 95% CIs 1.46 to 5.62; p=0.002). No associations were seen with fentanyl nor with oxycodone. Conclusions: This large, exploratory study identified 1 biologically plausible SNP that warrants further study in the response of breathlessness to morphine therapy

The doctrine of the church in Norway in the nineteenth century

The object of the thesis is to trace the doctrine of the Church in Norway during the 19th century, a period of unique Importance both in the thought and Church-life of the country. An attempt will be made to show that the problems Involved in the doctrine had a profound effect upon the whole current of Norwegian Church-life. On the basis of a theocentric approach and a dynamic, personal conception of Revelation, Martin Luther adopted a dialectical view of Christian doctrine as a whole and the doctrine of the Church In particular, and a functional concept of the Ministry. Through the re-Introduction of an Intellectualist conception of Revelation, however, these insights were lost in the later history of Lutheranism. The unity of the doctrine of the Church was broken, and a dualism of "Objectivism" and "Subjectivism" arose. Informed by an Idealist metaphyeic but virtually dependent upon an Empiricist epistemology, 19th century Norwegian theology was unable to overcome this dualism and to re-establish the dialectical view. It displayed a wide range of ecclesiologlcal positions, from Catholic Sacerdotalism (Krogh-Tonning) and Hegelian Erastianisra (Monrad) on the one hand, to Low-Church Orthodox-Pietism (Gisle Johnson) and Associational Independency (Sverdrup) on the other. The crisis in the doctrine of the Church was clearly reflected in the practical Church-life of the period, which was characterized by a gradual but definite trend In the Low-Church direction. The Grundtvigian party, seeking an objective authority, found it in the Church and its historic Creed. But the traditionalism and Sacramentallsm of this party were sharply opposed and finally overcome by the Orthodox-Pietists. The introduction of Revivalism, with its associational idea of the Church and charismatic concept of the Ministry, gave rise to the Inner Mission and Foreign Mission movements, and created tremendous tensions within the Church. After a protracted struggle, the "free organizations" and lay-preaching gained legal and ecclesiastical recognition. The Erastianlsm of the Church of Norway led to a reaction in the form of a vast movement for political reform. But failure to agree on a sound Lutheran doctrine of the Church within the movement and political pressure from without prevented the realization of Its objectives. The question of Church discipline within the national Church provided the occasion for several small separatist movements, which, although relatively Insignificant, illustrate the ecclesiological tensions. Thus, the unity of the Church In Norway was shattered during the 19th century. What was needed was a return to the dynamic conception of Revelation and dialectical view of Luther and the Confessions

Scrubbing theory, and concept evaluation and flow simulation of one-inlet cyclone for Clean Marine AS

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects which can occur if Clean Marine changes their cyclone design to have one inlet instead of two. The reason for this is that Clean Marine consider changing their scrubber layout due to concerns regarding its size and footprint. Different cyclone concepts have been evaluated, and one was chosen for further investigation. CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) has been used to assist in analyzing the new cyclone suggestion, and comparing it with the current two-inlet cyclone design.Formålet med denne studien er å undersøke effektene som kan oppstå hvis Clean Marine velger å endre sitt syklondesign til å ha ett innløp istedenfor to. Bakgrunnen for dette er at Clean Marine vurderer å endre scrubber-designet deres med et ønske om å utnytte tilgjengelig plass på skipet mer effektivt. Ulike syklonkonsepter har blitt evaluert, hvorav én ble valgt for videre analyse med hjelp av CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). Simuleringsresulatene har blitt sammenlignet med en syklon med to innløp.M-MP

Making cultural infrastructure: can we design the conditions for culture?

This is a report by Theatrum Mundi on a research project that asked “can we design the conditions for culture?

EMDR behandling av barn utsatt for komplekse traumer

The purpose of this thesis was to explore whether Eye Movement Desensitication Reprocessing (EMDR) is a suitable method for the complex symptoms associated with children exposed to trauma repeatedly and persistently. Theory on complex trauma is presented, thoughroughly going through seven domains of symptoms associated with children exposed to complex trauma. EMDRs underlying theory is presented. Additionally, the methodological steps are reviewed. The thesis includes a presentation of available research on EMDR and children with complex reactions to trauma. EMDRs capability to address and treat the complex reactions/symptoms to trauma is discussed on a theoretical and empirical level. Theoretically it can be concluded that EMDR to a certain point is a suitable method for treating these children, if certain necessary adjustments and additions are included in the treatment. Empirically it is hard to come to any conclusions. To this date no studies spesifically addressing EMDRs effect on complex trauma reactions exist. To be able to come to an empirical conclusion, research will have to target EMDRs suitability for the symptoms and needs of children exposed to complex trauma. Adaptations thought to be necessary to conduct such studies are discussed