Effect of Machining Parameters on Turning of Inconel X750 Using PVD Coated Carbide Inserts

226-231It is one of the few studies conducted on the machining of Ni-based Inconel X750 alloy, which has a wide range of applications in the main industries (gas turbines etc.) and aerospace (rotor blades etc.) industries. In this study, cutting tool wear, cutting forces and surface roughness were investigated in dry turning of Inconel X750 super alloy with coated carbide cutting tool. For the determining of the wear types and mechanisms electronic microscope and SEM were used. 4 different cutting speeds (40, 60, 80 and 100 m/min) and 3 different feed rate (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mm/rev) values were used in the experiments. The cutting depth was kept constant at 1 mm. According to the results; with increasing feed rate, the value of Fc, Ff and Fp cutting force components increased. The feed rate was significantly influential on Ra. The cutting geometry and the cutting edge sharpness induced by the formation of stable BUE caused Ra to increase. The most suitable parameters for turning the Inconel X750 alloy in terms of all evaluation criteria were the cutting speed of 60 m/min and 0.1 mm/rev

Nano MoS2 Application in Turning Process with Minimum Quantity Lubrication Technique (MQL)

In this study, nano-sized MoS2 was mixed into coolant and was turned with GGG-70 spheroidal graphite cast iron. Surface roughness and tool wear were analyzed and effects of nano-MoS2 on machinability were investigated. Cutting tests were carried out at 350 m/min cutting speed, 0.2 mm/feed rate and 4 mm cutting depth. Surface roughness (Ra) values and cutting tool wear obtained under dry cutting, conventional cooling, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and 3 different nano-MoS2 added MQL conditions were investigated. Highest average Ra value was obtained under dry turning conditions. Roughness value decreased at conventional cooling, MQL and nano MoS2 added MQL conditions. A 37% reduction in Ra was obtained with respect to dry processing conditions. The lowest Ra 7 bar pressure, 160 ml/min flow rate and MQL + 1.5% nano-MoS2 spray was measured at 0.99 μm

Effect of Machining Parameters on Turning of Inconel X750 Using PVD Coated Carbide Inserts

It is one of the few studies conducted on the machining of Ni-based Inconel X750 alloy, which has a wide range of applications in the main industries (gas turbines etc.) and aerospace (rotor blades etc.) industries. In this study, cutting tool wear, cutting forces and surface roughness were investigated in dry turning of Inconel X750 super alloy with coated carbide cutting tool. For the determining of the wear types and mechanisms electronic microscope and SEM were used. 4 different cutting speeds (40, 60, 80 and 100 m/min) and 3 different feed rate (0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mm/rev) values were used in the experiments. The cutting depth was kept constant at 1 mm. According to the results; with increasing feed rate, the value of Fc, Ff and Fp cutting force components increased. The feed rate was significantly influential on Ra. The cutting geometry and the cutting edge sharpness induced by the formation of stable BUE caused Ra to increase. The most suitable parameters for turning the Inconel X750 alloy in terms of all evaluation criteria were the cutting speed of 60 m/min and 0.1 mm/rev

Experimental Investigation on Nano MoS2 Application in Milling of EN-GSJ 700-02 Cast Iron with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

In this study, effects of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions on machinability were investigated in milling operations, which is an important machining method. In this context, nano-sized solid lubricant MoS2 was mixed into MQL and EN-GSJ 700-02 spherical graphite cast iron was milled. Surface roughness and tool wear were examined and effects of nano-MoS2 were investigated. A range of statistical analyses such as Dunnet test was performed to determine Ra results and their relationship with experimental parameters. Positive results were obtained from nano MoS2 that was added to improve lubrication and cooling properties into fluid in MQL system. Lowest Ra value was measured as 0.47 µm in conditions of 5 bar pressure, 160 ml / min flow rate and MQL + 0.5% MoS2 spraying. A 45% improvement was achieved in these conditions. Added nano MoS2 played an alternative role on surface roughness and tool wear

Experimental Investigation on Nano MoS2 Application in Milling of EN-GSJ 700-02 Cast Iron with Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL)

479-483In this study, effects of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions on machinability were investigated in milling operations, which is an important machining method. In this context, nano-sized solid lubricant MoS2 was mixed into MQL and EN-GSJ 700-02 spherical graphite cast iron was milled. Surface roughness and tool wear were examined and effects of nano-MoS2 were investigated. A range of statistical analyses such as Dunnet test was performed to determine Ra results and their relationship with experimental parameters. Positive results were obtained from nano MoS2 that was added to improve lubrication and cooling properties into fluid in MQL system. Lowest Ra value was measured as 0.47 µm in conditions of 5 bar pressure, 160 ml / min flow rate and MQL + 0.5% MoS2 spraying. A 45% improvement was achieved in these conditions. Added nano MoS2 played an alternative role on surface roughness and tool wear

Novel Cu/Zn Reinforced Polymer Composites: Experimental Characterization for Radiation Protection Efficiency (rpe) and Shielding Properties for Alpha, Proton, Neutron, and Gamma Radiations

In this study, brass (Cu/Zn) reinforced polymer composites with different proportions of brass powders were fabricated. Different types of nuclear shielding parameters such as mass and linear attenuation coefficients, radiation protection efficiency, half and tenth value layers, and effective atomic number values were determined experimentally and theoretically in the energy range of 0.060–1.408 MeV in terms of gamma-ray shielding capabilities of fabricated polymer composites. A high Purity Germanium detector (HPGe) in conjunction with a Multi-Channel Analyzer (MCA) and twenty-two characteristic gamma-ray energies have been used in the experimental phase. In addition, the exposure and energy absorption buildup factors of reinforced Cu/Zn composites were calculated, and relative dose distribution values were computed to verify them. Proton mass stopping power (ΨP), proton projected range (ΦP), alpha mass stopping power (ΨA), and alpha projected range (ΦA) parameters, which indicate the interactions of the produced composites with charged particle radiation, were investigated. Fast neutron removal cross-section (ΣR) results were determined to give an idea in terms of neutron shielding. According to the obtained results, it is reported that the CuZn20 coded sample’s ability to attenuate gamma-ray and charged particle radiation is more efficient than that of other prepared composites. A CuZn05 coded sample was found to be more suitable for neutron shielding capability. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Acknowledgments: This research was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University through the Fast-track Research Funding Program

Prediction of mechanical and radiation parameters of glasses with high Bi2O3 concentration

This study aims to perform multidirectional characterizations on nuclear shielding efficiencies on some bismuth-based glasses. Accordingly, the γattenuation coefficients for xBi2O3-(75-x)B2O3–25Li2O (x = 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 the 70 mol%) were widely evaluated using simulations and theoretical methods. Linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the glasses was obtained by the Monte Carlo general-purpose simulation code FLUKA and compared with the XCOM database up to 15 MeV. Moreover, LAC values have been utilized to evaluate related parameters like mass attenuation coefficient (MAC), total molecular cross-section (σt), total atomic cross-section (σa), half-value layer (HVL), total electronic cross-section (σe), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), and effective electron density (Neff). The results noted that the XCOM and FLUKA data of the shielding parameters are in great agreement. Relatively higher density (5.818 g/cm3), greater LAC, MAC, Zeff, and lower HVL, MFP values are achieved for 70Bi2O3-5B2O3–25Li2O glass. Accordingly, this glass sample is a better gamma shield. © 2021 The AuthorsTaif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP-2020/45) Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia

INVESTIGATION OF CUTTTING FORCES AND TOOL WEAR ON HOBS

Günümüzde disli çark açma için bir çok yöntem kullanılmakla birlikte, azdırma usulü en çok kullanılan yöntem olarak göze çarpmaktadır. Bu çalısmada; azdırma yönteminin gerçek imalat sartlarında azdırma freze çakılarında olusan kesme kuvvetlerinin, takım asınmaları ve asınma mekanizmalarının, disli çark dislerinin yüzey pürüzlülüklerinin kesme parametreleri ile olan iliskilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıstır. İsleme deneylerinde TiN kaplanmıs ve kaplamasız HSS azdırma çakılar kullanılarak, SAE 8620 malzemeden disli çarklar islenmistir. Kesme kuvvetlerini ölçebilmek için KISTLER 9272A dört bilesenli (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mz) dinamometreyi de içeren bir deney seti tasarlanmıs ve imal edilmistir. Ayrıca, MINITAB R14 yazılımı kullanılarak deney sonuçlarının ANOVA (varyans analizi) testleri yapılmıstır. Deney sonuçlarına göre; tasarlanan ve üretilen deney setiyle kesme kuvvetlerinin ölçülebildigi belirlenmistir. Fz esas kesme kuvvetinin kesme parametrelerindeki degisimlere karsı daha duyarlı oldugu görülmüstür. Kaplamalı azdırmalar kesme kuvvetlerinde % 59 oranında azalma saglamıstır. Yanak asınması üzerinde en etkili parametre kaplama olmustur. Takım asınmasında etkili olan asınma mekanizmasının birkaç mekanizmanın birlesimi (adhesiv + difüzyon + termal ve/veya mekanik yorulmalar + az miktarda abrasiv) seklinde ortaya çıktıgı görülmüstür. En iyi ortalama pürüzlülük degeri kesme hızının en fazla ilerlemenin en düsük oldugu kesme sartlarında elde edilmistir. Gerçek isleme sartlarında yapılan bu çalısmada elde edilen sonuçlar azdırma isleminin anlasılmasında ve azdırma çakı ile disli çark arasındaki iliskinin degerlendirilmesinde önemli katkılar saglamıstır.Although there are a lot of methods for making gears, hobbing is the most common method. In this study, investigation of relations of cutting parameters with cutting forces, tool wear and wear mechanism, surface roughness of gear teeth occurred on hobs at real manufacturing conditions of hobbing has been aimed. Gear samples made from SAE 8620 were machined by using TiN coated and uncoated hobs, in machining tests. For the measurement of cutting forces, an experimental setup which consists of KISTLER 9272A dynamometer with four components (Fx, Fy, Fz, Mz) and equipments was designed and manufactured. Additionally, ANOVA (Analysis of variance) tests of experimental results were carried out using MINITAB R14 software. According to experimental results; it was determined that cutting forces could be measured using the experimental setup designed and made. Main cutting force of Fz was more sensitive to variation of cutting parameters. The coated hobs provided ratio of 59 % decrease on cutting forces. The coating is the most effective parameter on flank wear. Effective wear mechanism on tool wear is the form of combination of several mechanisms (adhesive + diffusion + thermal and/or mechanical fatigue + a little abrasive). The lowest value of mean roughness was obtained at high cutting speed and low feed rate. The results obtained in this study that were performed in real manufacturing conditions provided important benefits to understanding of hobbing operation and evaluate the relations between hob and gear

Bazı mimari tasarımların çevresel sürdürülebilirlik açısından değerlendirilmesi

Günümüzde hayat standartlarının yükselmesi çevre kirliliğine neden olan yapıların hızlı bir şekilde artmasına sebep olmuştur. Bu artışla beraber kaynaklarımızın hızla tüketildiği ve sera gazı emisyonlarının artmasıyla küresel ısınmanın etkileri her geçen gün daha da görünür hale gelmektedir. Bilhassa iklim değişikliği konusuna dikkat çekilerek enerji krizinin ön planda tutulması; yapıların çevreye olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak için tedbirler alınması ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. LEED sertifikasyon programı, su, enerji ve malzeme tüketimini azaltma gereksinimini özendirirken kullanıcıların da toplumla ilişkisini geliştirerek sürdürülebilir yapılar tasarlanmasını sağlamaktadır. Dünyada en çok tercih edilen LEED yeşil bina sertifikasyon sisteminde amaç; sadece çevre dostu bir yapı olması değil, aynı zamanda enerji, su ve hava gibi çevresel değişkenler üzerinde asgari seviyede olumsuz etkilere sahip olmasını sağlamaktır. Bu çalışmada yeşil bina sertifikasyon sistemleri detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Bununla birlikte mevcut bir otel projesine LEED sertifikasyon sistemi uygulanmış bu otel projesindeki başarılı stratejiler ve yeniliğe açık uygulamalarla çalışma tamamlanmıştır

Investigation of radiation attenuation parameters of some drugs used in Chemotherapy in Wide Energy Region

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compute the radiation attenuation parameters such as mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number for some selected chemotherapy drugs such as Lomustine, Cisplatin, Carmustine, and Chlorambucil in the energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV. Materials and Methods: The mass attenuation coefficients were calculated with the help of WinXCOM program. Using the obtained mass attenuation coefficients, other parameters such as linear attenuation coefficient, half value layer, mean free path, and effective atomic number were derived. Results: It is observed that the variations of these parameters with respect to the photon energy show changes in different energy regions. According to the obtained results, Cisplatin has the highest mass attenuation coefficient, linear attenuation coefficient and effective atomic number results among the selected chemotherapy drugs. Moreover, Chlorambucil has the highest half value layer and mean free path results among the selected chemotherapy drugs. Conclusion: The results of this study are useful for applied science fields such as radiation physics, pharmacology, and medical physics. These results may be useful when the selected chemotherapy drugs are used together with radiology