The Arabidopsis leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MIK2/LRR-KISS connects cell wall integrity sensing, root growth and response to abiotic and biotic stresses

Plants actively perceive and respond to perturbations in their cell walls which arise during growth, biotic and abiotic stresses. However, few components involved in plant cell wall integrity sensing have been described to date. Using a reverse-genetic approach, we identified the Arabidopsis thaliana leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase MIK2 as an important regulator of cell wall damage responses triggered upon cellulose biosynthesis inhibition. Indeed, loss-of-function mik2 alleles are strongly affected in immune marker gene expression, jasmonic acid production and lignin deposition. MIK2 has both overlapping and distinct functions with THE1, a malectin-like receptor kinase previously proposed as cell wall integrity sensor. In addition, mik2 mutant plants exhibit enhanced leftward root skewing when grown on vertical plates. Notably, natural variation in MIK2 (also named LRR-KISS) has been correlated recently to mild salt stress tolerance, which we could confirm using our insertional alleles. Strikingly, both the increased root skewing and salt stress sensitivity phenotypes observed in the mik2 mutant are dependent on THE1. Finally, we found that MIK2 is required for resistance to the fungal root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Together, our data identify MIK2 as a novel component in cell wall integrity sensing and suggest that MIK2 is a nexus linking cell wall integrity sensing to growth and environmental cues

Phytochemical Screening and In-Silico Investigation of 2-Benzoxazolinone from Acanthus Ilicifolius Linn. as Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipooxygenase Enzymes

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) is a phytoconstituent of a mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius Linn used to treat inflammatory diseases. Anti-inflammatory agents with dual inhibiting properties of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes activities are said to possess anti-inflammatory effect and are devoid from side effects but not yet available on the market. Therefore, the dual inhibiting property of BOA and its derivatives [6-Bromo-BOA (6-BrBOA), 6-Chloro-BOA (6-ClBOA), Hydroxy-BOA (HBOA) and 6-methoxy BOA (6-MBOA)] is worth investigating. Initially, BOA content in supercritical CO2 fluid extract (SCFE) of A.ilicifolius leaves was estimated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Later, genetic algorithm based GOLD docking simulation was employed to dock BOA and its derivatives into the binding pocket of COX-2 and allosteric binding site of 5-LOX. Probable hit ligand was ranked using an evaluation criterion based on the GOLD docking score and the ligand binding mode. The UHPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of BOA in SCFE. High gold docking scores ranging from 40.89 to 43.13 were observed in all the tested ligands with COX-2 and three ligands namely; 6-BrBOA (42.67), 6-ClBOA (41.79) and BOA (38.90) showed high docking scores with 5-LOX allosteric binding site. In conclusion, UHPLC method could be used for the determination of BOA content in A.ilicifolius. BOA and its analogues could be a promising lead for developing dual inhibitors of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes as verified by computational studies

Phytochemical Screening and In-Silico Investigation of 2-Benzoxazolinone from Acanthus Ilicifolius Linn. as Dual Inhibitors of Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-Lipooxygenase Enzymes

2-Benzoxazolinone (BOA) is a phytoconstituent of a mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius Linn used to treat inflammatory diseases. Anti-inflammatory agents with dual inhibiting properties of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes activities are said to possess anti-inflammatory effect and are devoid from side effects but not yet available on the market. Therefore, the dual inhibiting property of BOA and its derivatives [6-Bromo-BOA (6-BrBOA), 6-Chloro-BOA (6-ClBOA), Hydroxy-BOA (HBOA) and 6-methoxy BOA (6-MBOA)] is worth investigating. Initially, BOA content in supercritical CO2 fluid extract (SCFE) of A.ilicifolius leaves was estimated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC). Later, genetic algorithm based GOLD docking simulation was employed to dock BOA and its derivatives into the binding pocket of COX-2 and allosteric binding site of 5-LOX. Probable hit ligand was ranked using an evaluation criterion based on the GOLD docking score and the ligand binding mode. The UHPLC chromatogram revealed the presence of BOA in SCFE. High gold docking scores ranging from 40.89 to 43.13 were observed in all the tested ligands with COX-2 and three ligands namely; 6-BrBOA (42.67), 6-ClBOA (41.79) and BOA (38.90) showed high docking scores with 5-LOX allosteric binding site. In conclusion, UHPLC method could be used for the determination of BOA content in A.ilicifolius. BOA and its analogues could be a promising lead for developing dual inhibitors of COX-2/5-LOX enzymes as verified by computational studies