Examining the Relationship Between Genetic Counselors’ Attitudes Toward Deaf People and the Genetic Counseling Session

Given the medical and cultural perspectives on deafness it is important to determine if genetic counselors’ attitudes toward deaf people can affect counseling sessions for deafness genes. One hundred fifty-eight genetic counselors recruited through the National Society of Genetic Counselors Listserv completed an online survey assessing attitudes toward deaf people and scenario-specific comfort levels discussing and offering genetic testing for deafness. Respondents with deaf/Deaf friends or who work in prenatal or pediatric settings had more positive attitudes toward deaf people than those without deaf/Deaf friends or those working in ‘other’ settings. More positive attitudes toward deaf people correlated with higher comfort level talking about genetic testing for the two scenarios involving culturally Deaf clients; and correlated with higher comfort level offering genetic testing to culturally Deaf clients wishing to have a deaf child. Attitudes and comfort level were not correlated in the scenarios involving hearing or non-culturally deaf clients. These results suggest that genetic counselors’ attitudes could affect information provision and the decision making process of culturally Deaf clients. Cultural sensitivity workshops in genetic counseling training programs that incorporate personal interactions with culturally Deaf individuals are recommended. Additional suggestions for fostering personal interactions are provided

Roteiro diagnóstico e de conduta frente à perda auditiva sensorioneural genética Diagnosis routine and approach in genetic sensorineural hearing loss

OBJETIVO: Propor um roteiro para a investigação das PASN genéticas sindrômicas e não-sindrômicas mais comuns, considerando os dados epidemiológicos, as informações e o desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias, as implicações clínicas e os aspectos bioéticos. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Realizada uma revisão criteriosa, utilizando os descritores: perda auditiva, sensorioneural, genética e diagnóstico, para compor um roteiro de investigação e de conduta. CONCLUSÃO: Os dados epidemiológicos estimam que pelo menos 50% das perdas auditivas pré-linguais são determinadas por alterações genéticas. As histórias clínica e familiar são extremamente importantes na elaboração do diagnóstico das PASN genéticas e contribuem para a determinação do padrão de herança. Através de um alto índice de suspeita, causas sindrômicas podem ser diagnosticadas ou excluídas, com uma cuidadosa avaliação e a base molecular da PA pode ser determinada mais seguramente do que antes. Os testes genéticos e a herança mitocondrial devem ser considerados em famílias com múltiplos indivíduos afetados, estando esta última afastada se houver nítida transmissão através de um homem. Nas PASN não-sindrômicas a análise de mutação GJB2 deve ser proposta.<br>AIM: To develop a screening in order to determine the more common syndromic and non-syndromic genetic SNHL, considering epidemiological data, information and the development of new technologies; clinical implications and bioethical issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the literature in order to develop a screening that includes: history, patterns of inheritance, physical evaluation, laboratory tests, image studies, multidisciplinary approaches and genetic tests. CONCLUSION: The epidemiologic data estimates that at least 50% of prelingual HL can be determined by genetic alterations. Medical and family histories are extremely important to help one achieve a genetic-based SNHL diagnosis, and help determine inheritance patterns. Through a high suspicion index, syndromic cases can be diagnosed or excluded, with a careful evaluation and molecular basis tests used to better determine the hearing loss. Genetic tests and mitochondrial inheritance should be considered in any family with many affected individuals, except when the hearing loss was clearly transmitted by a male. In cases of non-syndromic SNHL, GJB2 mutation analysis must be proposed

Persistence and transmission of recessive deafness and sign language: new insights from village sign languages

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"To perpetuate blindness!": attitudes of UK patients with inherited retinal disease towards genetic testing.

Availability and accuracy of genetic testing in ophthalmology has increased yet the benefits are unclear especially for those conditions where cure or treatments are limited. To explore attitudes to and patients' understanding of possible advantages and disadvantages of genetic testing for inherited retinal disease, we undertook focus groups in three West Yorkshire towns in the UK. Most of our participants had retinitis pigmentosa and one of the focus groups consisted of participants from (British) Asian ethnic background. Here, we report only those attitudes which were common in all three focus groups. Some of the attitudes have already been reported in the literature. Novel findings include attitudes held towards informed choice and life planning, particularly among more severely affected participants. For example, participants appreciated that genetic testing increases informed choice and enables life planning, but these understandings tended to be in a specific sense: informed choice whether to have children and family planning in order to prevent illness recurrence. We conclude that even though these patients are not a homogeneous group, their attitudes tend to be underpinned by deep anxiety of passing their visual impairment onto their children. In this respect, they differ importantly from a small minority of the deaf who would prefer to have children with hearing loss, and from the more general population who do not believe that blindness is a "severe" enough disability to warrant avoiding having children