Comparative examination of the serological response to bluetongue virus in diseased ruminants by competitive and double recognition enzime-linked immunosorbent assays

ΔΕΝ ΔΙΑΤΙΘΕΤΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΛΗΨΗBluetongue (BT) is a viral non-contagious disease of ruminants which is transmitted by insects of the genus Culicoides. In recent years, BT has been a serious threat to livestock and to the economies of European countries. In Serbia the disease appeared for the first time in 2001, and after a 12 year period of freedom, it broke out again in 2014. Considering the actuality of this infectious disease, especially the need for prompt and rapid diagnostics, the aim of this paper was to determine the possibility of detecting the serological response in sheep and cattle with manifested clinical signs of the disease using two different methods: double recognition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). A total of 105 blood serum samples of cattle and sheep, which had exhibited clinical signs of BT during 2014, were taken for examination from a serum bank. Out of 74 blood serum samples of sheep and 31 blood serum samples of cattle, 52 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle tested positive using sELISA, while 50 samples of sheep and 18 samples of cattle gave positive reactions with cELISA. The results confirm the high sensitivity of sELISA which detected 4% more seropositive sheep in comparison with cELISA. Using Cohen’s kappa statistical analysis, almost perfect agreement was determined between the results (k>0,81) obtained by cELISA and sELISA

YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ON DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE VARIANTS

Reducirana obrada tla, kao i krajnji vid reduciranja zahvata obrade tla – no-tillage, svake godine ima sve veće značenje u obradi tla na ovim našim prostorima. Međutim, to su još uvijek vrlo male površine. U cilju utvrđivanja optimalnog sustava reducirane obrade tla u uzgoju ozime pšenice, postavljena su, na černozemu sjeverne Baranje, istraživanja u vremenskom periodu od tri vegetacijske godine (1998./1999.-2000./2001). Najveći su prinosi redovito ostvarivani na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 6,43 t/ha, zatim na varijanti standardne obrade tla s prinosom od 6,20 t/ha, a najniži ostvareni prinosi bili su na varijanti no-tillage s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 5,43 t/ha. Najveća ekonomska dobit ostvarena je na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja, zatim na varijanti no-tillage, a na posljednjem mjestu je varijanta standardne obrade tla.Reduced tillage, as well as the most reduced tillage – No-till – every year gain greater importance in our region. Unfortunately, the areas under reduced tillage are still very small. In order to establish optimal system of reduced soil tillage, the experimental trials were set on Chernozem soil type in northern Baranja during three vegetation seasons (1998/1999-2000/2001) and three soil tillage systems: CT) Conventional Tillage (primary soil tillage by moldboard ploughing at 25-30 cm depth), DH) Multiple Diskharrowing at 10-15 cm as primary tillage, and NT) No-tillage system. The highest yields were recorded at DH with three-year average of 6.43 t/ha, followed by CT with 6.20 t/ha, whereas the lowest yields were recorded at NT treatment, with three-year average of 5.43 t/ha. The highest profit was achieved at DH treatment (1703.83 HRK/ha), followed by NT (1480.22 HRK/ha), whereas the lowest profit was recorded at CT (1032.69 HRK/ha)

Scholarship holders abroad: Returnees in the academic community in Serbia

Rad se bavi našim visokoobrazovnim kadrovima koji su se kao stipendisti postakademskih studija usavršavali u inostranstvu, a potom vratili i zaposlili u Srbiji. Cilj rada je da sagleda kako ova grupa povratnika zaposlenih na fakultetima i naučnim institutima u Srbiji procenjuju svoje iskustvo usavršavanja u inostranstvu. U anketnom istraživanju prikupljeni su podaci o procenama povratnika o tome u kojoj meri smatraju da im je to što su se školovali u inostranstvu značilo da se zaposle u Srbiji, koliko imaju prilike da primene stečena znanja i učestvuju u odlučivanju na svom radnom mestu i koliko se osećaju drugačijim od svojih kolega koji su se školovali i sve vreme radili u zemlji. Kako bi potpunije sagledali položaj povratnika, posebnim upitnikom prikupljene su i procene njihovih kolega o ovim pitanjima.This paper deals with our highly educated professionals who studied abroad as scholarship holders at post-academic studies and then returned and found employment in Serbia. The aim of this paper is to examine how this group of returnees employed at faculties and scientific institutes in Serbia assess their experience of studying abroad. The assessments of the returnees were gathered through a questionnaire. These assessments were on the extent to which the returnees felt their education abroad influenced their employment in Serbia, the opportunities to apply the acquired knowledge and to participate in decision-making at the workplace, and, finally, on how different they felt from their colleagues who acquired all their education and work experience in their own country. To better understand the situation of returnees, a special questionnaire also gathered the assessments of their colleagues on these issues

Veterinarski informacioni menadžment sistem (VIMS) u procesu prijavljivanja i menadžmenta zaraznih bolesti

A prerequisite to the development of an efficient animal health, food safety and traceability management system in the animal food production chain is the implementation of an integrated veterinary informational management system (VIMS) capable for the capture, storage, analysis and retrieval of data and providing the opportunity for the cumulative gathering of the knowledge and capability for its competent interpretation. Such a system will enable collecting appropriate data, including quality management and inspection controls, from all establishments and commodities in the 'from farm to fork' food production chain (farms, holdings, slaughterhouses, laboratories, traders etc.) in a structured, predefined format, and facilitate competent analyses and reporting of such data, as well as the improvement of the existing programs and strategies. The role of information system in animal disease diagnosis, surveillance and notification, control of national and international trade of commodities, food safety management, investigation of diseases, predictive microbiology and quantitative risk assessment is of great importance for the quality of veterinary service. Integral part of the VIMS is animal disease notification system designed according to and in compliance with international requirements, standards and recommendation and able to exchange relevant information with similar information systems. The aim of this contribution is to describe national animal disease notification system which is in place in Serbia as a part of VIMS.Preduslov za uspostavljanje efikasnog sistema menadžmenta zdravstvene zaštite životinja, bezbednosti hrane i sledljivosti u lancu proizvodnje hrane je uvođenje integrisanog veterinarskog informacionog menadžment sistema (VIMS) razvijenog na takav način da omogući prikupljanje, čuvanje, analizu i povlačenje podataka i obezbedi kumulativno skupljanje saznanja i njihovu stručnu interpretaciju. Takav sistem će omogućiti prikupljanje podataka, uključujući one iz upravljanja kvalitetom i u okviru inspekcijskih kontrola, od svih objekata u sistemu proizvodnje hrane 'od farme do viljuške' (farme, gazdinstva, klanice, laboratorije, lica koja se bave prometom i dr.) u strukturirano, unapred definisanom obliku, i obezbediti kompetentnu analizu takvih podataka kao i unapređenje postojećih programa i strategija. Uloga informacionih sistema u dijagnostici, nadzoru i prijavljivanju zaraznih bolesti, kontroli unutrašnjeg i međunarodnog prometa, upravljanju bezbednošću hrane, istraživanju žarišta zaraznih bolesti, prediktivnoj mikrobiologiji i kvantitativnoj analizi rizika je od izuzetnog značaja za kvalitet veterinarske službe. Sastavni deo VIMS-a je sistem za prijavljivanje zaraznih bolesti dizajniran prema i u saglasnosti sa međunarodnim zahtevima, standardima i preporukama i osposobljen da vrši razmenu određenih podatka sa sličnim informacionim sistemima. Cilj ovog rada je da se opiše nacionalni sistem za prijavljivanje zaraznih bolesti koji je u Srbiji u primeni kao deo VIMS-a

Quantitative-genetic analysis of intensity growth of gilts fertile breed and their hybrids in the nucleus farm

The paper analyzes the 2760 gilts four different genotypes, two of which are pure bred Landrace (429 gilts) and Yorkshire (421 gilts) and two hybrid F1(YxL) (999 gilts) and F1(LxY) (911 gilts), tested in the period from 2010 to 2011.Analyzed by the following traits of intensity growth: weight at weaning (WW), daily gain at suckling (DGS), weight in rearing (WR), daily gain at rearing (DGR), weight in test (WT), daily gain on test (DGT), weight of gilts (WG) and life gain (LG). Due to the manifestation of heterosis effect, hybrid gilts in rearing made any higher body weight of about 3 kg, while the age of 160 days on average had a higher body weight by 7.0 kg compared to the pure breed gilts, which resulted in higher daily gain in different phases of rearing. Degree of heritability for analysis traits of intensity growth is of medium to high. Heritability (h2) for daily gains were larger (0.640 for DGS, 0.858 for DGR and 0.859 for DGT) in relation to the heritability for achieved body weight (0.584 for WW, 0.558 for WR and 0.816 for WT) in different phases of rearing. Between the most observed traits were found positive genetic and phenotypic correlations. The negative correlation found between WR, DGR and WT, DGT (rg= -0.055 to -0.108; rp = -0.010 to - 0.033), between WW, DGS and DGR (rg= -0.301 respectively -0.466; rp = -0.234 respectively -0.271)

YERSINIA ENTEROCOLITICA U MESU SVINJA - RIZIK ZA BEZBEDNOST HRANE

Evropska agencija za bezbednost hrane (EFSA - European Food Safety Authority)objavila je u 2011. godini preporuke za inspekciju trupova svinja. Preporuke se odnosena najznačajnije biološke opasnosti po zdravlje ljudi koje se mogu naći u mesu.Pored Salmonella spp., Toxoplasma gondii i Trichinella spp., kao biološka opasnostnavodi se i Yersinia enterocolitica. Yersinia enterocolitica, kao i druge bakterije iz familijeEnterobacteriaceae, ima sposobnost opstanka u spoljašnjoj sredini, u koju dospevapreko inficiranih životinja. U Evropi, svinje su najčešći asimptomatski nosiocipatogenih sojeva Y. enterocolitica za ljude, posebno soja biotipa 4 (serotipa O:3) i netako učestalog biotipa 2 (serotip O:9 i O:27). Uzročnici su najčešće lokalizovani uoralnoj duplji, posebno u tonzilama, submaksilarnim limfnim čvorovima, crevima ifecesu svinja. Pravilan postupak sa trupovima svinja, nakon klanja, može znatno dasmanji nivo kontaminacije mesa svinja. Učestalost Y. enterocolitica kod svinja, kaorezervoara ovog patogena, veoma varira. Slučajevi jersinioze kod ljudi zabeleženi su,kako u Evropi, tako i u Japanu, SAD, Nigeriji i Brazilu

YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ON DIFFERENT SOIL TILLAGE VARIANTS

Reducirana obrada tla, kao i krajnji vid reduciranja zahvata obrade tla – no-tillage, svake godine ima sve veće značenje u obradi tla na ovim našim prostorima. Međutim, to su još uvijek vrlo male površine. U cilju utvrđivanja optimalnog sustava reducirane obrade tla u uzgoju ozime pšenice, postavljena su, na černozemu sjeverne Baranje, istraživanja u vremenskom periodu od tri vegetacijske godine (1998./1999.-2000./2001). Najveći su prinosi redovito ostvarivani na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 6,43 t/ha, zatim na varijanti standardne obrade tla s prinosom od 6,20 t/ha, a najniži ostvareni prinosi bili su na varijanti no-tillage s trogodišnjim prosjekom od 5,43 t/ha. Najveća ekonomska dobit ostvarena je na varijanti višekratnog tanjuranja, zatim na varijanti no-tillage, a na posljednjem mjestu je varijanta standardne obrade tla.Reduced tillage, as well as the most reduced tillage – No-till – every year gain greater importance in our region. Unfortunately, the areas under reduced tillage are still very small. In order to establish optimal system of reduced soil tillage, the experimental trials were set on Chernozem soil type in northern Baranja during three vegetation seasons (1998/1999-2000/2001) and three soil tillage systems: CT) Conventional Tillage (primary soil tillage by moldboard ploughing at 25-30 cm depth), DH) Multiple Diskharrowing at 10-15 cm as primary tillage, and NT) No-tillage system. The highest yields were recorded at DH with three-year average of 6.43 t/ha, followed by CT with 6.20 t/ha, whereas the lowest yields were recorded at NT treatment, with three-year average of 5.43 t/ha. The highest profit was achieved at DH treatment (1703.83 HRK/ha), followed by NT (1480.22 HRK/ha), whereas the lowest profit was recorded at CT (1032.69 HRK/ha)

Epidemiology of bovine tuberculosis in the Republic of Serbia with a brief overview of the current epidemiological situation in the region

In the Republic of Serbia, bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in cattle is found sporadically. In the early 1950s, Serbia started implementing the national bovine tuberculosis control and eradication program, including mandatory annual intradermal tuberculin testing of cattle in the national herd, culling of infected animals, and movement restrictions on infected herds. A failure to eradicate BTB in some parts of Serbia, despite significant efforts over almost 40 years, has been attributed to high stocking rates and cattle density, illegal cattle movements, lack of biosecurity, and possible connection with wildlife reservoirs. In 2005, Serbia started the bovine tuberculosis eradication program in accordance with the new national legislation harmonized with the European legislation. The tuberculin test performs well at the herd level but has its limitations when used at the level of individual animals. Nevertheless, there is a need for extended use of IFN-γ test to supplement the intradermal tuberculin test