New observations on the anatomy and paleobiology of the Eocene requiem shark †Eogaleus bolcensis (Carcharhiniformes, Carcharhinidae) from Bolca Lagerstätte, Italy

Abstract Here we provide new information about the anatomy of the extinct shark †Eogaleus bolcensis from the early Eocene Bolca Konservat-Lagerstatte. The combination of morphological and dental characters of the three known articulated specimens and a single isolated tooth collected from the Pesciara and Monte Postale sites (e.g., head bulky with rounded snout, pectoral fins of semiplesodic type, cutting-clutching dentition, dermal denticles shell-shaped and of drag-reducing type, caudal fin accounting for one fourth of the entire body length, 135–153 vertebrae) supports the assignment of †Eogaleus to the family Carcharhinidae and allows us to confirm definitively its distinct taxonomic status from the sympatric carcharhiniform, the triakid †Galeorhinus cuvieri. Moreover, the analysis of the dermal denticle morphology and the size and maturity age estimates of the studied specimens provide new paleobiological information about †Eogaleus, suggesting a close association of this small top predator with the tropical shallow-water marine context hypothesized for the Bolca paleobiotopes

New pycnodontiform fishes (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Early Cretaceous of the Argentinian Patagonia

Here we describe new pycnodontiform fish material recovered from the marine Agrio Formation (lower Valanginian–lower Hauterivian) of the Neuquén Province in the south-western of Patagonia, Argentina. The new material include an incomplete skull and an incomplete prearticular dentition. The incomplete skull consists of some dermal and endochondral elements as well as dental remains and represents a new large-sized gyrodontid that is referred to a new species, Gyrodus huiliches. Gyrodus huiliches sp. nov. is characterized by a unique combination of tooth crown ornamentations and tooth shape separating it easily from all known Gyrodus species. The incomplete prearticular dentition shows a tooth arrangement and sculpture that resembles that of “Macromesodon” agrioensis –the previously only known pycnodontiform in the area. This allows revising this species, which was based on an isolated vomerine dentition and which we refer to a new genus, Tranawuen. The new Patagonian fishes reported here expand the knowledge of South American pycnodontiforms. We hypothesize that meanwhile the new Patagonian genus – Tranawuen– diverged from Gyrodus after it migrated into the eastern Pacific through the Hispanic Corridor during the Late Jurassic, the new species –Gyrodus huiliches– most likely diverged from a Central or South American species of Gyrodus. Both represent the youngest gyrodontid records and simultaneously the southernmost Early Cretaceous occurrences of pycnodontiform fishes.Fil: Gouiric Cavalli, Soledad. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Paleontología Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Remirez, Mariano Nicolas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Centro de Investigaciones Geológicas; ArgentinaFil: Kriwet, Jürgen. University of Vienna; Austri