Регулирование добычи нефти. Влияние мировых тенденций на внутреннюю экономику страны

Дана наукова стаття відрізняється сучасним поглядом на проблеми економічної безпеки країни, а конкретно, національною безпекою та енергонезалежністю країни в цілому. У зв'язку з вивченням внутрішнього і зовнішнього ринку України, її співпрацю з сусідніми країнами, дана стаття дає оцінку продуктивності роботи деяких підприємств і розвиток стратегії економічної безпеки країни враховуючи науково-технічні аспекти її забезпечення. Розглянуті статистичні дані представлені з короткою періодичністтю і дають можливість побачити різницю з попередніми роками.This memoir is different contemporary views on problems of economic security, and specifically, national security and energy independence of the country. In connection with the study of the internal and external market of Ukraine and its cooperation with neighboring countries, this article evaluates the performance of some enterprises and the development of economic security strategy given the scientific and technical aspects of the software. Considered statistics presented with short periodychnisttyu and give the opportunity to see the difference with previous years.Данная научная статья отличается современным взглядом на проблемы экономической безопасности страны, а конкретно, национальной безопасностью и энергонезависимостью страны в целом. В связи с изучением внутреннего и внешнего рынка Украины, ее сотрудничество с соседними странами, данная статья дает оценку производительности работы некоторых предприятий и развитие стратегии экономической безопасности страны учитывая научно-технические аспекты ее обеспечения. Рассмотрены статистические данные представлены с короткой периодичнисттю и дают возможность увидеть разницу с предыдущими годами

Culturing of Selenastrum on diluted composting fluids; conversion of waste to valuable algal biomass in presence of bacteria

© 2017 The AuthorsGrowth and fatty acid production of microalga Selenastrum sp. with associated bacteria was studied in lab-scale experiments in three composting leachate liquids. Nutrient reduction in cultures was measured at different initial substrate strengths. A small, pilot-scale photobioreactor (PBR) was used to verify lab-scale results. Similar growth conditions supported growth of both Selenastrum and bacteria. CO2 feed enhanced the production of biomass and lipids in PBR (2.4 g L−1 and 17% DW) compared to lab-scale (0.1–1.6 g L−1 and 4.0–6.5% DW) experiments. Also prolonged cultivation time increased lipid content in PBR. At both scales, NH4-N with an initial concentration of ca. 40 mg L−1 was completely removed from the biowaste leachate. In lab-scale, maximal COD reduction was over 2000 mg L−1, indicating mixotrophic growth of Selenastrum. Co-cultures are efficient in composting leachate liquid treatment, and conversion of waste to biomass is a promising approach to improve the bioeconomy of composting plants

Conversion of biowaste leachate to valuable biomass and lipids in mixed cultures of Euglena gracilis and chlorophytes

© 2018 The Authors Microalgae are a sustainable alternative for production of valuable omega −3 fatty acids (FAs), but high production costs limit commercialization. Utilization of waste as a nutrient source increases the economics of the cultivation process. Additionally, using mixed algal cultures instead of monocultures makes the cultivation process more flexible and can increase biomass and lipid production. Here, the growth and lipid production of microalgae Euglena gracilis, Selenastrum sp. and, Chlorella sorokiniana were studied in mono- and mixed cultures in small and pilot scale experiments in biowaste leachate. In pilot scale, also nutrient reduction and the number of bacteria were analyzed. Biomass production in the most productive mixed cultures was similar, but not higher than in most productive monocultures. The lipid production was highest in the small-scale monoculture of Selenastrum (10.4% DW) and in the pilot scale culture of Selenastrum with E. gracilis (11.1% DW). The content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) increased and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remained stable during the cultivation period in all pilot scale cultures. However, increases in biomass and lipid production toward the end of the cultivation resulted in higher EPA and DHA yields in the well growing monoculture of E. gracilis and in the mixed culture of E. gracilis with Selenastrum. Co-cultivation of E. gracilis and Selenastrum also had a positive influence on nutrient uptake and resistance against bacteria. This type of mixed culture may be a good option for commercialization. However, as shown here, minor changes in cultivation conditions can rapidly result in dominance of a subdominant strain, and thus the stability of strain performance and production of desired FAs needs further investigation

Characterization of variable EST SSR markers for Norway spruce (Picea abies L.)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Norway spruce is widely distributed across Europe and the predominant tree of the Alpine region. Fast growth and the fact that timber can be harvested cost-effectively in relatively young populations define its status as one of the economically most important tree species of Northern Europe. In this study, EST derived simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were developed for the assessment of putative functional diversity in Austrian Norway spruce stands.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SSR sequences were identified by analyzing 14,022 publicly available EST sequences. Tri-nucleotide repeat motifs were most abundant in the data set followed by penta- and hexa-nucleotide repeats. Specific primer pairs were designed for sixty loci. Among these, 27 displayed polymorphism in a testing population of 16 <it>P. abies </it>individuals sampled across Austria and in an additional screening population of 96 <it>P. abies </it>individuals from two geographically distinct Austrian populations. Allele numbers per locus ranged from two to 17 with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.075 to 0.99.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>We have characterized variable EST SSR markers for Norway spruce detected in expressed genes. Due to their moderate to high degree of variability in the two tested screening populations, these newly developed SSR markers are well suited for the analysis of stress related functional variation present in Norway spruce populations.</p

Mhc class II diversity of Finnsheep and Finncattle

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Four SINE-associated polymorphic bovine microsatellites (HEL23-HEL26)

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Culturing of Selenastrum on diluted composting fluids; conversion of waste to valuable algal biomass in presence of bacteria

© 2017 The AuthorsGrowth and fatty acid production of microalga Selenastrum sp. with associated bacteria was studied in lab-scale experiments in three composting leachate liquids. Nutrient reduction in cultures was measured at different initial substrate strengths. A small, pilot-scale photobioreactor (PBR) was used to verify lab-scale results. Similar growth conditions supported growth of both Selenastrum and bacteria. CO2 feed enhanced the production of biomass and lipids in PBR (2.4 g L−1 and 17% DW) compared to lab-scale (0.1–1.6 g L−1 and 4.0–6.5% DW) experiments. Also prolonged cultivation time increased lipid content in PBR. At both scales, NH4-N with an initial concentration of ca. 40 mg L−1 was completely removed from the biowaste leachate. In lab-scale, maximal COD reduction was over 2000 mg L−1, indicating mixotrophic growth of Selenastrum. Co-cultures are efficient in composting leachate liquid treatment, and conversion of waste to biomass is a promising approach to improve the bioeconomy of composting plants

Conversion of biowaste leachate to valuable biomass and lipids in mixed cultures of Euglena gracilis and chlorophytes

© 2018 The Authors Microalgae are a sustainable alternative for production of valuable omega −3 fatty acids (FAs), but high production costs limit commercialization. Utilization of waste as a nutrient source increases the economics of the cultivation process. Additionally, using mixed algal cultures instead of monocultures makes the cultivation process more flexible and can increase biomass and lipid production. Here, the growth and lipid production of microalgae Euglena gracilis, Selenastrum sp. and, Chlorella sorokiniana were studied in mono- and mixed cultures in small and pilot scale experiments in biowaste leachate. In pilot scale, also nutrient reduction and the number of bacteria were analyzed. Biomass production in the most productive mixed cultures was similar, but not higher than in most productive monocultures. The lipid production was highest in the small-scale monoculture of Selenastrum (10.4% DW) and in the pilot scale culture of Selenastrum with E. gracilis (11.1% DW). The content of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) increased and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) remained stable during the cultivation period in all pilot scale cultures. However, increases in biomass and lipid production toward the end of the cultivation resulted in higher EPA and DHA yields in the well growing monoculture of E. gracilis and in the mixed culture of E. gracilis with Selenastrum. Co-cultivation of E. gracilis and Selenastrum also had a positive influence on nutrient uptake and resistance against bacteria. This type of mixed culture may be a good option for commercialization. However, as shown here, minor changes in cultivation conditions can rapidly result in dominance of a subdominant strain, and thus the stability of strain performance and production of desired FAs needs further investigation

Sustainable urban growth and climate change – challenges to the future education

A new project called Reform of Education in Sustainability and Climate in Urban Environments (RESCUE) has started in October 2012 in collaboration with Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU, UK), University of Salento (UdS, IT) and Lahti University of Applied Sciences (LUAS, FI) as the coordinator. The rationale of the project was the need for advanced education for a new professional concerning urban issues and climate mitigation and adaptation. Our research reveals no similar programme exists at present in Europe [1]. The strengths of our partners are built up on the different professional viewpoints to the education: climate change research (UdS), urban sustainability and management (GCU) and communicative planning (LUAS). Rapid urbanization and urban sprawl are causing different scale challenges to climate adaptation and urban quality of life while understanding of these issues demands a new kind of professional education compared with earlier programmes. The project aims to provide a new model of Master education based on a needs assessment and involving of several stakeholders in partner countries as well as six associate partner universities. It will also create and run a pilot programme of continuous professional education (CPD) and learn lessons from it to shape and mould the eventual Master’s programme. The presentation will enumerate the results of a Needs Assessment seminar and several dissemination event to be held in Spring 2013. It is hoped the action will lead to a joint MSc degree, aiming at creating a new breed of professionals in the highly interdisciplinary field of urban sustainability and climate change. The proposed joint platform will use the latest communication and media technologies to enhance the up-to-date nature of the content and wider cross-border participation of staff and students, leading to a cutting edge, mobile study programme” [3]. The HEIs are integrating and developing their existing Master modules to combine a new set of interdisciplinary course with a strong virtual nature. The validation of the final programme will guaranteed by the Scottish Credit and Quolifications Framework (SCQF) aligned to the Bologna Process