FEE EXPENSES CORRELATION IN THE FIELD OF LAW AND OTHER EXPENSES ON FINANCIAL RESULT OF THE RUSSIAN ENTERPRISES

Purpose: to determine features of interrelation and influence of expenses by fee in the field of law and other expenses on financial result of the Russian enterprises. Methods: general-logical methods of knowledge, correlation and regression analysis, comparative analysis, graphic analysis. Results: in article features of interrelation and influence of fee expenses in the field of law and other expenses on financial result of the Russian enterprises are investigated. The general characteristic of subject relevance is given. The modern scientific works considering questions of interrelation and various factors influence on financial result are analyzed. Despite rather large number of publications on the matter, we revealed lack of works of the expenses of the enterprises on external legal services considering influence on their financial result. For elimination of this gap, as the first of steps, we generalized data on proceeds from sales, profits before the taxation, prime costs, fee expenses in the field of law, fee expenses of science, fee of education, fee expenses of audit organizations. Specific weight of the presented expenses in prime cost is calculated. This statistics is presented from 2011 for 2016 in a section of the federal districts of Russia. Further the coefficients of correlation and factors which are most closely interconnected with revenue and profit were defined. The regression model of the resulting sign (proceeds from sales) and factorial signs is constructed (fee expenses in the field of law and fee expenses of science). An assessment of quality of the received regression equation is in conclusion given. Scientific novelty: in article on the basis of the regression analysis an assessment of interrelation and to influence of fee expenses in the field of law for proceeds from sales is given. Practical importance: the main results, provisions and conclusions of article can be used when developing strategy of the enterprises, at decision-making in the field of management of expenses. The data obtained in article will be useful to scientists-economists, scientific and pedagogical workers to expansion and better understanding of subject domain. The methodological base of article can act as an example when forming research competences of students, undergraduates and graduate students

Defects, Dopants and Sodium Mobility in Na₂MnSiO₄

Sodium manganese orthosilicate, Na2MnSiO4, is a promising positive electrode material in rechargeable sodium ion batteries. Atomistic scale simulations are used to study the defects, doping behaviour and sodium migration paths in Na2MnSiO4. The most favourable intrinsic defect type is the cation anti-site (0.44 eV/defect), in which, Na and Mn exchange their positions. The second most favourable defect energy process is found to be the Na Frenkel (1.60 eV/defect) indicating that Na diffusion is assisted by the formation of Na vacancies via the vacancy mechanism. Long range sodium paths via vacancy mechanism were constructed and it is confirmed that the lowest activation energy (0.81 eV) migration path is three dimensional with zig-zag pattern. Subvalent doping by Al on the Si site is energetically favourable suggesting that this defect engineering stratergy to increase the Na content in Na2MnSiO4 warrants experimental verification

Surface layer composition of titania produced by various methods: the change of layer state under illumination

The comparative analysis of experimental data over titanium dioxide powders prepared by various ways under ambient air is carried out. The results over TiO2 prepared by high-temperature heating of anatase, produced by burning of titanium micro particles and grinding of rutile crystal are used for that comparison. Water and carbon dioxide were the main products released from the surface of the titania powders. It was found that under UV irradiation absorbed by titania, in absent oxygen, water effectively reacts with lattice oxygen of titanium dioxide

Cooperative Emission from an Ensemble of Three-Level Λ Radiators in a Cavity:An Insight from the Viewpoint of Dynamics of Nonlinear Systems

Cooperative radiation emitted by an ensemble of three-level optical systems with a doublet in the ground state (Λ scheme), which is placed into a cyclic cavity, is studied theoretically. In contrast to the twolevel model of emitters, this process with such a configuration of operating transitions may occur without population inversion in the whole, if the doublet is prepared at the initial instant in a superposition (coherent) state. In the ideal case of a Hamilton system, in which the cavity losses and relaxation in the radiator ensemble are disregarded, the conservation laws are derived, which allow a substantial reduction of the dimension of the phase space of the model (ℝ11 → ℝ5) and the application of methods of dynamics of nonlinear systems for analyzing the three-level superradiance under these conditions. The possibility of different (both quasiperiodic and chaotic) scenarios of the three-level superradiance is demonstrated on the basis of Poincaré’s mappings. Global bifurcation of the system upon a transition from the conventional superradiance regime to inversionless one is revealed. The effects of cavity losses, as well as homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening in the system of radiators on the regularities found are also discussed

Towards a Taxonomy of Textbooks as a Genre: the Case of Russian Textbooks

The project is presented in the paper initially is launched to design a functional recognition or classification model of a modern Russian school textbook as a genre. In this study we test and confirm the hypothesis that detection of domain (subject area) and complexity level of a textbook can be reduced to a limited number of quantitative linguistic parameters provided with accurately identified and verified value ranges. We outlined our approach to genre analysis as multi-dimensional, compiled a corpus of over 1 mln. tokens, measured values of 15 linguistic parameters in 19 textbooks of two different subject areas and complexity levels, revealed 7 complexity predictors, 7 subject area predictors, and one - frequency - a metaparameter able to discriminate textbooks of History and Social Studies from texts of other genres. Our findings highlight the significance of the following parameters for textbooks across the selected subject areas: incidence of nouns, verb tenses (present, past and future), local and global argument overlap, type-token ratio. Complexity classification model is ascertained to be a function of sentence length, word length, incidence of nouns in genitive case and verbs, Abstractness score, verb/noun ratio, and adjective/noun ratio. The outcomes of this analysis will be used to interpret quantitative linguistic descriptions and classify texts

Polycystic ovary syndrome

The document attached has been archived with permission from the editor of the Medical Journal of Australia. An external link to the publisher’s copy is included.Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5-20% of women of reproductive age worldwide. The condition is characterized by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM) - with excessive androgen production by the ovaries being a key feature of PCOS. Metabolic dysfunction characterized by insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia is evident in the vast majority of affected individuals. PCOS increases the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes and other pregnancy-related complications, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events and endometrial cancer. PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion, based primarily on the presence of hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction and PCOM. Treatment should be tailored to the complaints and needs of the patient and involves targeting metabolic abnormalities through lifestyle changes, medication and potentially surgery for the prevention and management of excess weight, androgen suppression and/or blockade, endometrial protection, reproductive therapy and the detection and treatment of psychological features. This Primer summarizes the current state of knowledge regarding the epidemiology, mechanisms and pathophysiology, diagnosis, screening and prevention, management and future investigational directions of the disorder.Robert J Norman, Ruijin Wu and Marcin T Stankiewic

Economic growth in Russia

This article is about the economic growth in Russia in 2014. The article reflects the relevance of this topic to the present situation in the world. The theoretical foundations of economic growth, as well as optimistic, pessimistic and baseline scenarios for further economic development have been considered in the article. The policy of the Russian Federation Government depends on the baseline scenario which takes into account many factors affecting the Russian economy at the moment. The article highlights the fact that the World Bank considers these scenarios, describes the reasons for the decline in economic growth and provides the outlook of economic perspectives in the coming years. The article presents opinions of the head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, World Bank economists of largest Russian and foreign banks and other experts.Данная статья об экономическом росте в России в 2014 году. В статье отражена актуальность данной темы при современной ситуации в современном мире. Так же в статье содержатся теоретические основы экономического роста, представлены различные сценарии дальнейшего развития экономики: оптимистический, пессимистический и базовый. На базовом сценарии основывается Правительство РФ на данный момент, так как он является наиболее вероятным и учитывает многие факторы, влияющие на экономику России на данный момент. Кроме этого рассмотрено мнение Всемирного Банка об этих сценариях, описаны причины снижения темпов экономического роста и прогноз экономического роста в последующие годы. Также отражено мнение главы Центрального банка РФ, Всемирного Банка, экономистов крупнейших зарубежных и российских банков и других экспертов

Economic growth in Russia

This article is about the economic growth in Russia in 2014. The article reflects the relevance of this topic to the present situation in the world. The theoretical foundations of economic growth, as well as optimistic, pessimistic and baseline scenarios for further economic development have been considered in the article. The policy of the Russian Federation Government depends on the baseline scenario which takes into account many factors affecting the Russian economy at the moment. The article highlights the fact that the World Bank considers these scenarios, describes the reasons for the decline in economic growth and provides the outlook of economic perspectives in the coming years. The article presents opinions of the head of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation, World Bank economists of largest Russian and foreign banks and other experts.Данная статья об экономическом росте в России в 2014 году. В статье отражена актуальность данной темы при современной ситуации в современном мире. Так же в статье содержатся теоретические основы экономического роста, представлены различные сценарии дальнейшего развития экономики: оптимистический, пессимистический и базовый. На базовом сценарии основывается Правительство РФ на данный момент, так как он является наиболее вероятным и учитывает многие факторы, влияющие на экономику России на данный момент. Кроме этого рассмотрено мнение Всемирного Банка об этих сценариях, описаны причины снижения темпов экономического роста и прогноз экономического роста в последующие годы. Также отражено мнение главы Центрального банка РФ, Всемирного Банка, экономистов крупнейших зарубежных и российских банков и других экспертов

Epidemiological case investigation deaths from Covid-19 in city N

The aim of the study – сonduct an epidemiological investigation in the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care of City N and determine the reasons for the increase in the frequency of deaths in patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19.Цель исследования – провести эпидемиологическое расследование в отделении анестезиологии – реанимации города N и определить причины повышения частоты летальных исходов у пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом COVID-19

Challenging the production function approach to assess the developmental effects of FDI

From a theoretical point of view, it is traditionally assumed that foreign firms possess a centrally accumulated firm-specific technological advantage over domestic firms (see, for example, Findlay, 1978; Dunning, 1979). Given a sufficient level of absorptive capacity and human capital, domestic firms in host economies are able to benefit from various externalities stimulated by the presence of foreign firms