A novel glucose sensor using lutetium phthalocyanine as redox mediator in reduced graphene oxide conducting polymer multifunctional hydrogel

Herein, we report a scalable synthesis of multifunctional conducting polyacrylic acid (PAA) hydrogel (MFH) integrated with reduced grapheme oxide (rGO), vinyl substituted polyaniline (VS-PANI) and lutetium Phthalocyanine (LuPc2) as three dimensional robust matrix for glucose oxidase (GOx) immobilization (PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2/GOx-MFH). We have integrated the multicomponents such as PAA with rGO, and VS-PANI through free radical polymerization using methylene bis-acrylamide, and ammonium persulphate as the cross linker and initiator. The LuPc2 was then doped to form multifunctional hydrogel (PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2-MFH). Finally, biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing GOx into PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2-MFH and subsequently used for electrochemical detection of glucose. The PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2/GOx-MFH biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (15.31 μA mM−1 cm−2) for the detection of glucose over a concentration range of 2–12 mM with a low detection limit of 25 µm. The PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2-MFH biosensor showed a fast response time (1 s) to the addition of glucose with high storage stability of 3 months. The real sample analysis reveals that PAA-rGO/VS-PANI/LuPc2/GOx-MFH could be effectively used as an electrochemical biosensor in industrial as well clinical diagnosis

A glucose biosensor based on novel Lutetium bis-phthalocyanine incorporated silica-polyaniline conducting nanobeads

The facile preparation of highly sensitive electrochemical bioprobe based on lutetium 13 phthalocyanine incorporated silica nanoparticles (SiO2(LuPc2)) grafted with Poly(vinyl 14 alcohol-vinyl acetate) itaconic acid (PANI(PVIA)) doped polyaniline conducting nanobeads 15 (SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-CNB) is reported. The preparation of CNB involves two stages (i) 16 pristine synthesis of LuPc2 incorporated SiO2 and PANI(PVIA); (ii) covalent grafting of 17 PANI(PVIA) onto the surface of SiO2(LuPc2). The morphology and other physico-chemical 18 characteristics of CNB were investigated. The scanning electron microscopy images show 19 that the average particle size of SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-CNB was between 180-220 nm. 20 The amperometric measurements showed that the fabricated SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-21 CNB/GOx biosensor exhibited wide linear range (1-16 mM) detection of glucose with a low 22 detection limit of 0.1 mM. SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-CNB/GOx biosensor exhibited high 23 sensitivity (38.53 μA mM−1 cm−2) towards the detection of glucose under optimized 24 conditions. Besides, the real (juice and serum) sample analysis based on a standard addition 25 method and direct detection method showed high precision for measuring glucose at 26 SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-CNB/GOx biosensor. The SiO2(LuPc2)PANI(PVIA)-CNB/GOx 27 biosensor stored under refrigerated condition over a period of 45 days retains ~ 96.4 % 28 glucose response current

Enzymatic oligomerization and polymerization of arylamines: state of the art and perspectives

The literature concerning the oxidative oligomerization and polymerization of various arylamines, e.g., aniline, substituted anilines, aminonaphthalene and its derivatives, catalyzed by oxidoreductases, such as laccases and peroxidases, in aqueous, organic, and mixed aqueous organic monophasic or biphasic media, is reviewed. An overview of template-free as well as template-assisted enzymatic syntheses of oligomers and polymers of arylamines is given. Special attention is paid to mechanistic aspects of these biocatalytic processes. Because of the nontoxicity of oxidoreductases and their high catalytic efficiency, as well as high selectivity of enzymatic oligomerizations/polymerizations under mild conditions-using mainly water as a solvent and often resulting in minimal byproduct formation-enzymatic oligomerizations and polymerizations of arylamines are environmentally friendly and significantly contribute to a "green'' chemistry of conducting and redox-active oligomers and polymers. Current and potential future applications of enzymatic polymerization processes and enzymatically synthesized oligo/polyarylamines are discussed

Synthesis and antibacterial activity of 1,3,4-oxadiazole substituted pyrimidine derivatives

591-597A series of 5-(5-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)-3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-4-phenyl pyrimidin-2(1H)-one derivatives have been synthesized, by changing various substituted benzaldehydes. Among the synthesized derivatives, some of the derivatives show very good inhibition against bacteria. All the structures of the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized. by using IR, 1H and 13C NMR, GC-MS and CHN analysis

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The impact of pharmaceutical care on the clinical outcome of diabetes mellitus among a rural patient population

AIM: To evaluate the impact of pharmaceutical care on the clinical outcomes of patients enrolled in a pharmacist-coordinated diabetes management program in a rural health setup. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Patients were registered into ‘control’ and ‘intervention’ groups by randomization at three primary health centers. The study was an open-label parallel study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records were prospectively reviewed. Capillary blood glucose level, blood pressure and demographic data were collected at baseline and at the follow-up visits. Pharmacists gave counseling to the intervention group during every visit and their health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed with the Ferrans and Powers questionnaire. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Single factor ANOVA and the t-test were used to compare the results using SPSS version 0.9 software and MS Excel worksheets. RESULTS: The intervention group (n = 104) showed well-controlled BMI, whereas the control group (n = 50) showed significant increase in the BMI. Mean blood glucose level in the intervention group reduced to 25 units from baseline (P = 0.0001) but was significantly increased in the control group (P = 0.0001). ANOVA showed that from the second follow-up onward there was significant decrease in blood glucose levels. Overall, the HRQoL scores increased by 45% in the intervention group and decreased by 2% in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmaceutical care program was effective in improving the clinical outcome and HRQoL of diabetes patients in rural India. Such ‘pharmaceutical care’ models should be fine-tuned and implemented widely