Efektifitas Fortifikasi Mie Instan Dengan Zat Besi Dan Vitamin a Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hb Dan Feritin Serum Ibu Hamil

Telah dilakukan penelitian "Dampak Fortifikasi Mie Instan Dengan Zat besi dan Vitamin A terhadap Status Besi dan Status Vitamin A Anak Balita dan Ibu Hamil". Penelitian dilakukan di 5 desa wilayah kerja Puskesmas Cijedil, Kecamatan Cugenang dan 5 desa wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kademangan Mande, Kabupaten Cianjur. Rancangan penelitian adalah "Kuasi Eksperimental". Subyek penelitian adalah ibu hamil trimester I dan II (Umur kehamilan 3-6 bulan). Besar sampel ibu hamil adalah 185 orang, terdiri dari kelompok perlakuan (95 orang) dan kelompok pembanding (90 orang). Kelompok perlakuan mendapat mie instan yang telah difortifikasi dengan zat besi sebesar 10 mg dan vitamin A 2500 I.U. per 100 g. Sedangkan kelompok pembanding mendapatkan mie instan yang biasa dipasarkan mengandung zat besi sebesar 3 mg dan vitami A 1500 I.U. per 100 g. Pemberian mie instan tiga kali seminggu, berlangsung selama 14 minggu, diselenggarakan di pos-pos pemasakan/Posyandu, sisa mie yang tidak dimakan ditimbang dan dicatat. Rataan berat mie instan yang dikonsumsi ibu hamil sebesar 35 gr per hari, dapat memberikan sumbangan zat besi sebesar 3.5 mg dan vitamin A 875 I.U. pada kelompok perlakuan. Sedangkan pada kelompok pembanding memberikan sumbangan zat besi sebesar 1.05 mg dan vitamin A 525 I.U. Terjadi kenaikan kadar Hb secara bermakna (p<0.05) pada ibu hamil kelompok perlakuan sebesar 0.47 g/dl (dari 11.3 ± 1.14 g/dl menjadi 11.8 ± 1.04 g/dl). Pada kelompok pembanding terjadi penurunan nilai Hb sebesar 0.07 g/dl, tetapi tidak nyata. Prevalensi anemia ibu-ibu hamil kelompok perlakuan setelah intervensi turun dari 48.5% menjadi 43.3%, sedangkan pada kelompok pembanding naik dari 46.7% menjadi 56.8%. Secara statistik terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0.05) antara penurunan prevalensi anemia pada kelompok perlakuan dan kenaikan prevalensi anemia pada kelompok pembanding. Terjadi penurunan kadar feritin serum secara bermakna (p<0.05) pada ibu-ibu hamil kelompok pembanding (4.4 ug/l). Pada ibu-ibu kelompok perlakuan terjadi sedikit kenaikan kadar feritin dalam serum sebesar 0.43 ug/l. Ada perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara kenaikan feritin kelompok perlakuan dan penurunan kadar feritin kelompok pembanding. Fortifikasi zat besi dan vitamin A pada mie instan dengan dosis 10 mg dan 2500 I.U. per 100 gram mie memberikan dampak positif terhadap kadar Hb dan dapat mempertahankan cadangan besi untuk konpensasi kebutuhan selama hamil

Analysis of Simple Accounting Systems using Information Technology in Fashion

This research aims to provide an example or illustration of how to apply a simple accounting system, namely Microsoft Excel in a fashion business that has just been started and has not used an application or system to do the recording. This research used a literature study method. The results of this study are expected for business beginners, especially fashion businesses, to understand how recording and bookkeeping in accounting are created using a simple accounting application. By displaying steps on how to make general journals, ledgers, adjustment entries, profit, and loss in Microsoft Excel. Therefore, it can be concluded that how important it is to make recording and bookkeeping using a simple application system method so that it can be easily applied by fashion business people who have just entered the business field

Efek Pemberian Beta Karotena Takaran Tinggi Terhadap Status Vitamin a Anak Balita

EFEK PEMBERIAN BETA KAROTENA TAKARAN TINGGI TERHADAP STATUS VITAMIN A ANAK BALIT

Expression of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNRs in placentas of HIV-positive patients

Background. Human dendritic cell-specific intracellular adhesion molecule-3 (ICAM3)-grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) is a mannose-binding lectin that initiates interaction between dendritic cells and resting T-lymphocytes. DC-SIGN is highly expressed in placental tissue on dendritic cells and Hofbauer cells, and it is suggested that HIV may become adsorbed to DC-SIGN on Hofbauer cells as part of the mechanism of mother-to-child HIV transmission. A possible mechanism of transfer of the virus from the Hofbauer cells to the fetus is the subsequent adsorption to DC-SIGN-related molecules (DC-SIGNRs), present on immediately adjacent capillary vascular endothelium. However, data on DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression in the placenta are few. Methods. Forty term placentas from HIV-positive mothers and 21 term placentas from HIV-negative mothers underwent immunohistochemistry staining for DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression. Five random sets of 10 villi were assessed, and the average number of positive cells were counted in each case. In addition, where possible, maternal and cord blood viral loads and maternal CD4+ counts were performed in the HIV-positive group only. Results. The median maternal CD4+ count was 377 cells/µl and 27% of participants had undetectable viral loads; the median detectable viral load was 3.72 log. Most (97%) of the cord bloods tested in infants from HIV-positive mothers had lower than detectable viral loads. HIV-positive cases had significantly greater expression of both DC-SIGNRs (median values in HIV-positive cases, 14.5 positive cells/10 villi (pc/10villi), compared with 11 pc/10villi in HIV-negative cases, p=0.020) and DC-SIGN (median value in HIV-positive cases, 26.5 pc/10villi, compared with 23 pc/10villi in HIV-negative cases, p=0.037). DC-SIGNR expression was also noted in Hofbauer cells and decidual macrophages in addition to endothelium (reported currently). There was no difference in expression of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNRs in patients with or without chorioamnionitis, but there was an inverse relationship between DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression and maternal CD4+ counts in HIV-positive cases.  Conclusion. Both DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR expression were higher in placentas from HIV-positive mothers compared with HIV-negative cases. These lectins may be potential new therapeutic targets for preventing vertical transmission of HIV

Analysis of Competitiveness of Shallot (Allium cepa L.) Commodities in Nagari Alahan Panjang and Nagari Air Dingin Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti Kabupaten Solok, West Sumatera

One of the horticultural commodities that has the potential to be well developed in Indonesia is the shallot commodity, which has the potential to be traded on the international market. The main producing province of shallots on the island of Sumatra is West Sumatra, Solok Regency. This study aims to determine the competitiveness of shallot farming in Solok Regency, West Sumatra and determine the impact of government policies on outputs and inputs in onion farming. The research method is descriptive qualitative and quantitative descriptive methods. Data analysis is PAM (Policy Analysis Matrix). The analysis shows that onion farming in Solok Regency, West Sumatra has a Private Advantage of 34,269,456.00 (Competitive Advantage) and has a Social Advantage of 92,203,432.00 (Comparative Advantage), and has a competitive advantage with a yield of 0.24 (Private Profitability) and comparative advantage with a result of 0.04 (Social Profitability)

Production of Extracellular Anti-leukaemic Enzyme Lasparaginase from Marine Actinomycetes by Solidstate and Submerged Fermentation: Purification and Characterisation

Purpose: The objective of this investigation was to isolate marine actinomycetes, screen them for Lasparaginase activity and characterise the enzyme.Methods: Marine actinomycetes were isolated from sediment samples obtained from Tamilnadu and Kerala in India. The isolates were identified as actinomycetes by microscopical and biochemical tests.Production of L-asparaginase was carried out in three different media, namely, solid-state media, Tryptone Glucose Yeast extract (TGY) broth and Tryptone Fructose Yeast extract (TFY) broth.. The enzyme was purified to near homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 column and SDS-PAGE.Results: Among 10 marine isolates subjected to preliminary screening, only isolates S3, S4 and K8 showed potential for L-asparaginase activity. All three marine soil isolates synthesized asparaginase with yield ranging from 24.6 to 49.2 IU/ml. Soil isolate S3 showed the highest productivity of 49.2 IU/ml with a protein content of 65 μg/ml and optimum activity at pH 7.5 and 50 ºC. The apparent Km value for the substrate was 25 μM. Mg2+ ion slightly stimulated activity while Cu2+, Zn2+ and EDTA were inhibitory.Conclusion: The study revealed that marine actinomycetes may be a potential source of high yield, high substrate specificity L-asparaginase, which is an anti-leukaemia agent

Studi Kelayakan Geometri Jalan pada Ruas Jalan Sanggau - Sekadau

Jalan raya adalah salah satu prasarana transportasi yang paling banyak dipergunakan untuk menunjang perekonomian maupun kegiatan-kegiatan manusia sehari-hari. Jalan raya berfungsi untuk melewatkan lalu lintas diatasnya dengan cepat, aman dan nyaman. Untuk mendapatkan jalan yang baik dan nyaman, sesuai dengan kelas jalan yang telah ditetapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga maka perlu ditinjau aspek geometriknya sebagai dasar perencanaan untuk menentukan kecepatan rencana yang layak untuk jalan tersebut. untuk mengetahui Jalan tersebut telah memenuhi Standar perencanaan perlu adanya tijauan pada geometrik jalan tersebut, salah satunya adalah meninjau geometrik horizontal Apakah geometrik tersebut telah memenuhi standar perencanaan geometrik menurut Tata Cara Perencanaan Geometrik Jalan Antar Kota No.38/1997 Direktorat Bina Marga, dan memberikan solusi perbaikan Geometrik ,jalan tersebut. Tinjauan dilakukan berdasarkan data primer yang diporleh dari survei langsung ke lapangan seperti tracking dan marking lokasi diambil 10 sampel tikungan kemudian dipilih 4 tikungan yang dianggap paling ekstrim dibandingkan tikungan lain mengacu pada sudut tangen terbesar dan korrdinasi antar tikungan terpendek dan dilanjutkan dengan pengkukuran kerangka horizontal dan titik detail pada tikungan tersebut untuk memperoleh data jenis lengkung horizontal, jari jari tikungan dan superelevasi eksisting. Hasil tinjauan geometrik ruas jalan nasional Sanggau – Sekadau Kalimantan Barat terdapat 4 (empat) tikungan yang diangap ekstrim yaitu tikungan 6,8,9 dan 10. Berdasarkan hasil analisa dapat dilihat bahwa kondisi eksisting desain tikungan masih belum memenuhi syarat dan ketentuan yang telah ditetapkan oleh Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia. Kondisi eksisting lebar lajur 5,00 m sedangkan syarat ketentuan menurut standar RSNI tahun 2004 merekomendasikan dengan lebar 7,2 m. Kondisi eksisting kemiringan superelevasi tikungan 6 sebesar 2,13 %, tikungan 8 sebesar 3,61%,, tikungan 9 sebesar 3,28% ,dan tikungan 10 sebesar 2.00% sedangkan syarat ketentuan menurut standar RSNI tahun 2004 merekomendasikan superelevasi minimal berdasarkan kecepatan dan jari jari rencana adalah 6.00 %, sedangkan untuk solusi perbaikan kecepatan dari kondisi existing 30km/jam menjadi 40 km.jam dengan jarak pandang untuk tikungan 6,8,9dan 10 44,60m kebebasan samping tikungan 6 = 54,812 m, tikungan 8 = 84,812 m, tikungan 9 = 54,812 m, tikungan 10 = 144,812 m, dan pelebaran perkerasan untuk tikungan 6 = 2,32 m, tikungan 8 = 1,58 m, tikungan 9 = 2,32 m, tikungan 10 = 1,43 m, Untuk tikungan gabungan 8-9 dan 9 – 10 memiliki jarak antar tikungan yang melebihi jarak minimal (20m)yaitu 20.322 m.dan 20.041 Untuk evaluasi tikungan maka dilakukan dengan meningkatkan kecepatan rancana yang berpengaruh pada jari jari,superelevasi, jarak pandang henti,kebebasan samping dan jenis tikungan