3,884 research outputs found
(2317) meson production at RHIC
Production of (2317) mesons in relativistic heavy ion collisions at
RHIC is studied. Using the quark coalescence model, we first determine the
initial number of (2317) mesons produced during hadronization of
created quark-gluon plasma. The predicted (2317) abundance depends
sensitively on the quark structure of the (2317) meson. An
order-of-magnitude larger yield is obtained for a conventional two-quark than
for an exotic four-quark (2317) meson. To include the hadronic effect
on the (2317) meson yield, we have evaluated the absorption cross
sections of the (2317) meson by pion, rho, anti-kaon, and vector
anti-kaon in a phenomenological hadronic model. Taking into consideration the
absorption and production of (2317) mesons during the hadronic stage of
heavy ion collisions via a kinetic model, we find that the final yield of
(2317) mesons remains sensitive to its initial number produced from the
quark-gluon plasma, providing thus the possibility of studying the quark
structure of the (2317) meson and its production mechanism in
relativistic heavy ion collisions.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure
Right-veering diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary II
We continue our study of the monoid of right-veering diffeomorphisms on a
compact oriented surface with nonempty boundary, introduced in [HKM2]. We
conduct a detailed study of the case when the surface is a punctured torus; in
particular, we exhibit the difference between the monoid of right-veering
diffeomorphisms and the monoid of products of positive Dehn twists, with the
help of the Rademacher function. We then generalize to the braid group B_n on n
strands by relating the signature and the Maslov index. Finally, we discuss the
symplectic fillability in the pseudo-Anosov case by comparing with the work of
Roberts [Ro1,Ro2].Comment: 25 pages, 5 figure
Multi-quark hadrons from Heavy Ion Collisions
Identifying hadronic molecular states and/or hadrons with multi-quark
components either with or without exotic quantum numbers is a long standing
challenge in hadronic physics. We suggest that studying the production of these
hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions offer a promising resolution to
this problem as yields of exotic hadrons are expected to be strongly affected
by their structures. Using the coalescence model for hadron production, we find
that compared to the case of a non-exotic hadron with normal quark numbers, the
yield of an exotic hadron is typically an order of magnitude smaller when it is
a compact multi-quark state and a factor of two or more larger when it is a
loosely bound hadronic molecule. We further find that due to the appreciable
numbers of charm and bottom quarks produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC and
even larger numbers expected at LHC, some of the newly proposed heavy exotic
states could be produced and realistically measured in these experiments.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, revised version to be published in Phys. Rev. Let
Exotics from Heavy Ion Collisions
Discriminating hadronic molecular and multi-quark states is a long standing
problem in hadronic physics. We propose here to utilize relativistic heavy ion
collisions to resolve this problem, as exotic hadron yields are expected to be
strongly affected by their structures. Using the coalescence model, we find
that the exotic hadron yield relative to the statistical model result is
typically an order of magnitude smaller for a compact multi-quark state, and
larger by a factor of two or more for a loosely bound hadronic molecule. We
further find that some of the newly proposed heavy exotic states could be
produced and realistically measured at RHIC and LHC.Comment: Presented at International Conference on the Structure of Baryons
(Baryons '10), Osaka, Japan, Dec.7-11, 201
Polynomial time quantum computation with advice
Advice is supplementary information that enhances the computational power of
an underlying computation. This paper focuses on advice that is given in the
form of a pure quantum state and examines the influence of such advice on the
behaviors of an underlying polynomial-time quantum computation with
bounded-error probability.Comment: 9 page
A Broadband Superabsorber at Optical Frequencies: Design and Demonstration
Metasurface based super absorbers exhibit near unity absorbance. While the
absorption peak can be tuned by the geometry/size of the sub-wavelength
resonator, broadband absorption can be obtained by placing multiple resonators
of various size or shapes in a unit cell. Metal dispersion hinders high
performance broadband absorption at optical frequencies and careful designing
is essential to achieve good structures. We propose a novel analytical
framework for designing a broadband super absorber which is much faster than
the time consuming full wave simulations that are employed so far. Analytical
expressions are derived for the wavelength dependency of the design parameters,
which are then used in the optimization of broadband absorption. Numerical
simulations report an average polarization-independent absorption of ~97 in the
450 to 950 nm spectral region with a near unity absorption (99.36) in the 500
to 850 nm region. Experimentally, we demonstrate an average absorption over 98
in the 450 to 950 nm spectral region at 20 degree incident angle The designed
super absorber is polarization insensitive and has a weak launch angle
dependency. The proposed framework simplifies the design process and provides a
quicker optimal solution for high performance broadband super absorbers
Utility of (11)C-methionine and (11)C-donepezil for imaging of Staphylococcus aureus induced osteomyelitis in a juvenile porcine model:comparison to autologous (111)In-labelled leukocytes, (99m) Tc-DPD, and (18)F-FDG
The aim of this study was to compare (11)C-methionine and (11)C-donepezil positron emission tomography (PET) with (111)In-labeled leukocyte and (99m)Tc-DPD (Tc-99m 3,3-diphosphono-1,2-propanedicarboxylic acid) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose ((18)F-FDG) PET to improve detection of osteomyelitis. The tracers’ diagnostic utility where tested in a juvenile porcine hematogenously induced osteomyelitis model comparable to osteomyelitis in children. Five 8-9 weeks old female domestic pigs were scanned seven days after intra-arterial inoculation in the right femoral artery with a porcine strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The sequential scan protocol included Computed Tomography, (11)C-methionine and (11)C-donepezil PET, (99m)Tc-DPD and (111)In-labelled leukocytes scintigraphy, and (18)F-FDG PET. This was followed by necropsy of the pigs and gross pathology, histopathology, and microbial examination. The pigs developed a total of 24 osteomyelitic lesions, 4 lesions characterized as contiguous abscesses and pulmonary abscesses (in two pigs). By comparing the 24 osteomyelitic lesions, (18)F-FDG accumulated in 100%, (111)In-leukocytes in 79%, (11)C-methionine in 79%, (11)C-donepezil in 58%, and (99m)Tc-DPD in none. Overall, (18)F-FDG PET was superior to (111)In-leukocyte SPECT and (11)C-methionine in marking infectious lesions
Factors Associated with Long-Term Oral Hypoglycemic Agent Responsiveness in Korean Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
BackgroundThis study was performed to determine the factors associated with long-term oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) responsiveness in Korean type 2 diabetic patients.MethodsTwo groups of patients were selected among the type 2 diabetic patients who were followed for more than two years at a university hospital diabetes clinic. The OHA responsive group consisted of 197 patients whose HbA1c levels were maintained at ≤7% with OHA for more than two years. The OHA failure group consisted of 180 patients whose HbA1c levels were >8% in spite of optimal combined OHA therapy or patients who required insulin therapy within the two years of the study.ResultsThe OHA failure group had higher baseline values of fasting and postprandial glucose, HbA1c, and lower fasting, postprandial, and delta C-peptide compared to those of the OHA responsive group. The OHA failure group also had a higher proportion of female patients, longer diabetic duration, and more family history of diabetes. There were no significant differences in body mass index (BMI) or insulin resistance index between the two groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the highest quartile of baseline fasting, postprandial glucose, and HbA1c and the lowest quartile of postprandial and delta C-peptide were associated with an increased odds ratio of OHA failure after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and family history of diabetes.ConclusionLower baseline values of postprandial and delta C-peptide and elevated fasting glucose and HbA1c are associated with long-term OHA responsiveness in Korean patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Archaic adaptive introgression in TBX15/WARS2
A recent study conducted the first genome-wide scan for selection in Inuit from Greenland using SNP chip data. Here, we report that selection in the region with the second most extreme signal of positive selection in Greenlandic Inuit favored a deeply divergent haplotype that is closely related to the sequence in the Denisovan genome, and was likely introgressed from an archaic population. The region contains two genes, WARS2 and TBX15, and has previously been associated with adipose tissue differentiation and body-fat distribution in humans. We show that the adaptively introgressed allele has been under selection in a much larger geographic region than just Greenland. Furthermore, it is associated with changes in expression of WARS2 and TBX15 in multiple tissues including the adrenal gland and subcutaneous adipose tissue, and with regional DNA methylation changes in TBX15
- …