Plant Signaling Molecules: Role and Regulation under Stressful Environments

Plant Signaling Molecule: Role and Regulation under Stressful Environments explores tolerance mechanisms mediated by signaling molecules in plants for achieving sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Including a wide range of potential molecules, from primary to secondary metabolites, the book presents the status and future prospects of the role and regulation of signaling molecules at physiological, biochemical, molecular and structural level under abiotic stress tolerance. This book is designed to enhance the mechanistic understanding of signaling molecules and will be an important resource for plant biologists in developing stress tolerant crops to achieve sustainability under changing environmental conditions. Focuses on plant biology under stress conditions Provides a compendium of knowledge related to plant adaptation, physiology, biochemistry and molecular responses Identifies treatments that enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses Illustrates specific physiological pathways that are considered key points for plant adaptation or tolerance to abiotic stresse

The significance and functions of ethylene in flooding stress tolerance in plants

Climate change has increased the global environmental risks, especially the impacts of abiotic stresses on agriculture productivity. Among the abiotic stresses aggravated by climate change, flooding (complete submergence, stagnant flooding, soil waterlogging) has been identified as a major stress for plant growth and food production worldwide. Improving crop plants adaptation to flooding conditions is important to cope with increasing incidences and intensity of flooding, which could potentially be accomplished through manipulating adaptive physiological and molecular processes. Ethylene is a key plant hormone in plant adaptation to flooding, modulating signaling, and metabolic responses. Significant progress was made in understanding the basic physiological and molecular mechanisms associated with ethylene-mediated plant responses to flooding stress, though our knowledge in this field is still far from complete. This review provided (a) an overview of ethylene biosynthesis, signaling and its perception under flood condition in plants, with emphasis on rice; (b) assess the ethylene functions under flooding stress based on available evidences; (c) cross-talks of ethylene with other phytohormones and signaling molecules associated with ethylene-induced flooding responses; and (d) elucidate the role of ethylene mediated tolerance pathways with an aim of developing flood tolerant plants. The review represents a step forward to develop flood resilient crop plants by exploiting the knowledge of ethylene biology and functions

Salicylic Acid Increases Photosynthesis of Drought Grown Mustard Plants Effectively with Sufficient-N via Regulation of Ethylene, ABA and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency

Abstract An essential approach to reduce drought in plants is to maximize the use of most limited resources. The increase in water-use efficiency (WUE) is important to maximally utilize the available water to increase photosynthesis and growth of plants under water-deficit stress. Both WUE and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE), as the indices of resource-use efficiency were studied in mustard (Brassica juncea L.) plants grown under limited water conditions with low-N (100 mg N kg−1 soil) and sufficient-N (200 mg N kg− 1 soil) N and sprayed with 0- and 0.5 mM salicylic acid (SA). Application of SA increased water potential, osmotic potential, WUE and incorporation of soil N into photosynthetic machinery by enhancing PNUE. It also increased photosynthesis of plants maximally by increasing stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration under water-deficit stress. This increase was greater in the presence of sufficient-N where 0.5 mM SA maximally enhanced the N-metabolism, redox ratio that mitigated the oxidative stress. The application of SA on plants supplemented with N reduced ethylene and abscisic (ABA) synthesis. It could be inferred that SA enhanced N utilization at its optimal level to maintain redox ratio and inhibit ABA-mediated stomatal closure to enhance the resource utilization and photosynthesis. SA also enhanced glucose utilization which prevented photosynthetic repression by enhanced glucose under stress. Thus, SA application may impart a potential management tool for increasing photosynthetic NUE, WUE and photosynthesis under drought.</jats:p

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