Analysis of bioelectric records and fabrication of phototype sleep analysis equipment

A computer-analysis technique was used to evaluate the changes in the waking EEGs of 5 normal subjects which occurred during the oral administration of flurazepam hydrochloride (Dalmane). While the subjects were receiving the drug, there was an increase in the amount of beta (14-38 c/sec) activity in fronto-central EEG leads in all 5 subjects. This increase in beta activity was characterized by a highly consistent increase in the number of waves that occurred during an EEG recording interval of fixed duration and by a less consistent increase in average wave amplitude. There was no detectable change in mean EEG wavelength (frequency) within the beta frequency range. The EEG patterns reverted to their baseline condition during 2-3 weeks after withdrawal of the drug. Analysis of the alpha, theta and delta components of the EEG indicated no changes during or following administration of the drug. This study clearly illustrates the usefulness of specific computer-analysis techniques in the characterization and quantification of sleep-promoting drugs upon the EEG of the normal young adults in the waking state. Two preamplifiers and 150 EEG monitoring caps with electrodes were delivered to MSC

Evaluation of the neurophysiological electrode-amplifier-harness system for physiological data acquisition

Development and characteristics of biomedical system for obtaining electroencephalogram and neurophysiologic data during space mission

Auditory masking - A study of its physiological mechanism and of correlations between physiological and psychological observations First quarterly progress report, period ending 30 Jun. 1965

Psychological and physiological study of auditory maskin

Periodicity of high-order functions in the CNS Final progress report, year ending 30 Jun. 1971

Analysis of cerebral slow potentials underlying human attentive processes in central nervous syste

Periodicity of high-order neural functions

The results of recent studies on higher order, integrative processes in the central nervous system are reported. Attempts were made to determine whether these processes exhibit any ongoing rhythmicity which might manifest itself in alterations of attention and alertness. Experiments were also designed to determine if a periodicity approximating that of the REM could be detected in various parameters of brain electrical activity

Pharmacological inhibition of RAS overcomes FLT3 inhibitor resistance in FLT3-ITD+ AML through AP-1 and RUNX1

\ua9 2024 The Author(s). AML is characterized by mutations in genes associated with growth regulation such as internal tandem duplications (ITD) in the receptor kinase FLT3. Inhibitors targeting FLT3 (FLT3i) are being used to treat patients with FLT3-ITD+ but most relapse and become resistant. To elucidate the resistance mechanism, we compared the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of leukemic cells from patients before and after relapse, which revealed that the GRNs of drug-responsive patients were altered by rewiring their AP-1-RUNX1 axis. Moreover, FLT3i induces the upregulation of signaling genes, and we show that multiple cytokines, including interleukin-3 (IL-3), can overcome FLT3 inhibition and send cells back into cycle. FLT3i leads to loss of AP-1 and RUNX1 chromatin binding, which is counteracted by IL-3. However, cytokine-mediated drug resistance can be overcome by a pan-RAS inhibitor. We show that cytokines instruct AML growth via the transcriptional regulators AP-1 and RUNX1 and that pan-RAS drugs bypass this barrier

Interictal Spiking Increases with Sleep Depth in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Purpose : To test the hypothesis that deepening sleep activates focal interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), we performed EEG-polysomnography in 21 subjects with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods: At the time of study, subjects were seizure-free for 224 h and were taking stable doses of antiepileptic medications (AEDs). Sleep depth was measured by log delta power (LDP). Visual sleep scoring and visual detection of IEDs also were performed. Logistic-regression analyses of IED occurrence in relation to LDP were carried out for two groups of subjects, nine with frequent IEDs (group 1) and 12 with rare IEDs (group 2). Results: The LDP differentiated visually scored non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep stages (p = 0.0001). The IEDs were most frequent in NREM stages 3/4 and least frequent in REM sleep. Within NREM sleep, in both groups, IEDs were more frequent at higher levels of LDP (p < 0.05). In group 1, after accounting for the level of LDP, IEDs were more frequent (a) on the ascending limb of LDP and with more rapid increases in LDP (p = 0.007), (b) in NREM than in REM sleep (p = 0.002), and (c) closer to sleep onset (p < 0.0001). Fewer than 1% of IEDs occurred within 10 s of an EEG arousal. Conclusions: Processes underlying the deepening of NREM sleep, including progressive hyperpolarization in thalamocortical projection neurons, may contribute to IED activation in partial epilepsy. Time from sleep onset and NREM versus REM sleep also influence IED occurrence.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65422/1/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01329.x.pd

From sleep spindles of natural sleep to spike and wave discharges of typical absence seizures: is the hypothesis still valid?

The temporal coincidence of sleep spindles and spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs) in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsies, together with the transformation of spindles into SWDs following intramuscular injection of the weak GABAA receptor (GABAAR) antagonist, penicillin, in an experimental model, brought about the view that SWDs may represent ‘perverted’ sleep spindles. Over the last 20 years, this hypothesis has received considerable support, in particular by in vitro studies of thalamic oscillations following pharmacological/genetic manipulations of GABAARs. However, from a critical appraisal of the evidence in absence epilepsy patients and well-established models of absence epilepsy it emerges that SWDs can occur as frequently during wakefulness as during sleep, with their preferential occurrence in either one of these behavioural states often being patient dependent. Moreover, whereas the EEG expression of both SWDs and sleep spindles requires the integrity of the entire cortico-thalamo-cortical network, SWDs initiates in cortex while sleep spindles in thalamus. Furthermore, the hypothesis of a reduction in GABAAR function across the entire cortico-thalamo-cortical network as the basis for the transformation of sleep spindles into SWDs is no longer tenable. In fact, while a decreased GABAAR function may be present in some cortical layers and in the reticular thalamic nucleus, both phasic and tonic GABAAR inhibitions of thalamo-cortical neurons are either unchanged or increased in this epileptic phenotype. In summary, these differences between SWDs and sleep spindles question the view that the EEG hallmark of absence seizures results from a transformation of this EEG oscillation of natural sleep

Powers of Romance: The Liminal Challenges of Managing Organizational Intimacy

© The Author(s) 2014 Problematic organizational relationships have recently been at the core of highly visible media coverage. Most analyses of sexual relations in organizations have been, however, simplistic and unidimensional, and have placed insufficient systematic emphasis on the role of governmentality in the social construction of organizational romance. In this article, we proceed in two theoretical steps. First, we elaborate a typology of organizational romance that covers different manifestations of this nuanced process. We think of these as organizational strategies of governmentality. Second, we elaborate and identify liminal cases that fall into the interstices of the four predominant ways of managing sexual relationships in organizations. We think of these as vases of liquid love and life that evade the border controls of regulation by governmentality. Finally, we relate these issues to debates about the nature of the civilizational process and suggest hypotheses for future research