A study on street furniture design criteria for bus stops

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, Industrial Design, Izmir, 2001Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 118-120)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishix, 152 leavesPeople, in the effort to design the public spaces, began to constitute the elements that meet their simple demands in these spaces and so the first samples of street furniture began to form and increased in number.Street furniture are systems that consist of products such as street lamps signs, phone booths, seating, bus stops, which meet the user demands such as comfort, information, recreation and that are used commonly, located in urban spaces by institutions, and that help to form a healthy environment. In the beginning, they were produced one by one, but later mass production method began to be used according to the changing requirements. Today, the production and location of these industrialized elements carry importance with the design and location selection criteria.So, the aim of this thesis, is to study the general design criteria about street furniture, that have importance in urban space and in special to study the criteria of elements used in bus stops which have an important place in the city with their location, classification, dimension and form.As a result, design of a bus stop was realized in accordance with today's requirements and technologies and the design process and criteria were tried to be explained

Measurement of spring constants of various spring-mass systems by using smartphones: a teaching proposal

This study aims to develop a teaching proposal to measure spring constants of various spring-mass systems by means of the smartphones. Specifically, a single spring-mass system, a serial connected and a parallel connected spring systems are experi-mentally resolved, by using the ambient light sensor of the smartphones. The measurements are achieved by simply recording the light intensity, detected by the oscillating smartphone, as a function of time for the simple harmonic motion. Using the light intensity-time graphs, the average periods and eventually the spring constants are estimated and the outcomes are compared with the theoretical results. The overall outcomes of the work indicate some 3,3 % relative error for the serial connected springs and 10,8 % relative error for the parallel connected springs. The approach is important in the sense that the apparatus directly plots instantaneous momentum-time graphs and it creates an enjoyable and beneficial teaching atmosphere

The Real Time Implementation of a Chaotic System’s Synchronization for Secure Communication

The chaotic systems are preferred in secure communication systems as well as used in many different implementation areas. Real time chaos synchronization is also required for secure communication systems. In this study, the Master–Slave synchronization of chaotic Chen system was performed on a real time implementation for the secure communication systems. Active control method was used in the design of controller required for the realization of synchronization. The successful realization of the Master-Slave synchronization of the Chen system by using the controller designed on MATLAB/Simulink was shown by the obtained simulation results. Moreover, by using analogue outputs of NI-DAQ card, the Master-Slave synchronization of the Chen system was obtained and secure communication was achieved on a real time basis under LabVIEW environment

Hematopoietic stem cell gene therapy for inherited monogenic diseases and its implications for future gene therapy trials in Turkey

Stem cell therapy offers a great advantage for the development of new treatments in the field of regenerative and restorative medicine. However, the use of stem cell therapies and their clinical indications can even be further improved using genetic modification of the cells. Due to the high level of consanguineous marriages in Turkey, the country suffers from an increased frequency of inborn genetically inherited diseases. Treatment of these diseases is difficult, since 1) diagnosis is often delayed in rural areas, 2) distance to specialized centers may be considerable, 3) treatment may require frequent hospital visits and 4) treatment procedures are often both invasive and expensive. Here, we discuss the current status of gene therapy of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) for rare, inherited monogenic diseases and the advantages to use these cells as an alternative treatment option for patients in Turkey. We discuss results of clinical trials using retroviral and lentiviral gene therapy for the treatment of immune deficiencies, hemoglobinopathies and several enzyme deficiencies, new developments in the field of the HSC gene therapy to improve safety and efficacy and recommendations for the future.Kök hücre tedavisi rejeneratif tıp ve restoratif tıp alanlarında yeni tedavilerin geliştirilmesi için büyük avantaj sağlamaktadır. Böylelikle, kök hücre tedavilerinin kullanımı ve bunların klinik endikasyonları hücrelerin genetik modifikasyonu ile geliştirilebilmektedir. Türkiye’deki akraba evlilik oranının fazla olmasından dolayı, yenidoğan genetik kalıtsal hastalıkların insidası artmaktadır ve bu durum bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Bu hastalıkların tedavi edilmesi; 1) kırsal bölgelerde hastalığın sıklıkla geç teşhisi, 2) Özel merkezlerin uzak olması, 3) Tedavilerin sık hastane kontrolü gerektirmesi, 4) Tedavi prosedürlerinin hem pahalı hem de invazif olması nedenleriyle zordur. Bu makalede nadir kalıtsal monogenik hastalıklar için hematopoetik kök hücre (HKH) gen tedavisinin güncel durumları ve Türkiye’deki hastalar için alternatif bir tedavi seçeneği olarak kullanımının avantajları tartışılacaktır. İmmun yetmezlikler, hemoglobinopatiler, birçok enzim eksikliklerinde retroviral ve lentiviral gen tedavi klinik çalışma sonuçları, HKH gen tedavisi alanındaki yeni gelişmeler, güvenlik ve etkinliğin artırılması ve gelecekteki öneriler tartışılacaktır

Je li fleksibilna bronhoskopija siguran postupak kod kritičnih bolesnika s respiracijskim zatajanjem?

Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) plays an important role in critical care patients. But, critical care patients with respiratory failure are at an increased risk of developing complications. Considering the developments in intensive care unit care in recent years, we aimed to evaluate the use of FB in these patients. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent FB in critical care between 2014 and 2020. A total of 143 patients underwent FB during the study period. Arterial blood gas measurement on the FB day revealed a mean PaO2/FiO2 of 186.94±28.47. Eighty-one (56.6%) patients underwent an fiberoptic bronchoscopy procedure under conventional oxygen supplementation, 10 (7%) on noninvasive ventilation, 13 (9.1%) on high flow nasal cannula, and 39 (27.3%) on invasive mechanical ventilation. During and immediately after bronchoscopy, none of the patients experienced life-threatening complications. Fifty-five (38.5%) patients developed complications that could be controlled. Multivariate analysis indicated that increased Apache-II score and presence of cardiovascular disease were significantly associated with an increased complication risk. Although critical care patients with respiratory failure are more prone to complications, diagnostic and therapeutic bronchoscopy may be performed following appropriate patient selection, without leading to major complications.Fleksibilna bronhoskopija (FB) igra važnu ulogu u bolesnika na kritičnoj skrbi. Međutim, ovi bolesnici na kritičnoj skrbi s respiracijskim zatajenjem imaju povećani rizik od razvoja komplikacija. S obzirom na napredak u skrbi u jedinici intenzivnog liječenja tijekom posljednjih godina cilj je bio procijeniti uporabu FB-a u ovih bolesnika. Retrospektivno smo pregledali podatke bolesnika koji su podvrgnuti FB-u u kritičnoj skrbi između 2014. i 2020. godine. Ukupno je 143 bolesnika podvrgnuto FB-u tijekom razdoblja ispitivanja. Mjerenje plinova u arterijskoj krvi na dan FB pokazalo je srednju vrijednost PaO2/ FiO2 od 186,94±28,47. Osamdeset jedan bolesnik (56,6%) podvrgnut je postupku fiberoptičke bronhoskopije pod konvencionalnim dodacima kisika, 10 (7%) na neinvazivnoj ventilaciji, 13 (9,1%) na nosnoj kanili s velikim protokom i 39 (27,3%) na invazivnoj mehaničkoj ventilaciji. Tijekom i neposredno nakon bronhoskopije niti jedan bolesnik nije doživio komplikacije opasne za život. Osim toga, 55 (38,5%) bolesnika razvilo je komplikacije koje se mogu kontrolirati. Prema multivarijatnoj analizi, povećani rezultat Apache-II i prisutnost kardiovaskularnih bolesti bili su značajno povezani s povećanim rizikom od komplikacija. Iako su bolesnici na kritičnoj skrbi s respiracijskim zatajenjem skloniji komplikacijama, dijagnostička i terapijska bronhoskopija mogu se provesti nakon odgovarajućeg odabira bolesnika, a da to ne dovede do većih komplikacija

Effects of gestational exercise on hyperoxia-induced brain damage in the newborn

Aim: Preterm infants encounter hyperoxia relatively early on as they leave the intrauterine environment earlier than expected, while also being exposed to a higher level of hyperoxic stress due to insufficiencies in their antioxidant defense mechanisms. With that in mind, we investigate whether running exercises performed during pregnancy can contribute to the development of tolerance to neonatal hyperoxic brain damage. Method: While two female rats maintained a sedentary pregnancy, one female rat performed the mandatory running exercise for 30 minutes for five days a week throughout the pregnancy. Following delivery, the sedentary rats and the exercised rat were kept together with their offspring for five days at oxygen concentrations above 80 percent in order to induce brain damage. The offspring were sacrificed on postnatal Day 7 and brain/body ratio measurements were obtained. Results: The brain/body ratios in the control, hyperoxia and exercise-hyperoxia groups were found to be median (IQR) 0.074(0.68-0.77), 0.065(0.06-0.067) and 0.064(0.060-0.068), respectively. The brain/body ratios of the offspring of the mothers in the hyperoxia group were found to be significantly lower than the control group (p=0.002), irrespective of exercise (p=0.007). No statistically significant difference was noted between the offspring of the sedentary and the exercised mothers in the hyperoxia group (p=0.94). Conclusion: Hyperoxia was found to result in lower brain mass relative to total body mass. This finding, which indicates the presence of microcephaly, reflects the negative effects of hyperoxia on brain development. Contrary to expectations, exercises performed during pregnancy had no significant effect on the brain/body weight ratio of the offspring

Efficacy of the endovascular ovarian vein embolization technique in pelvic venous congestion syndrome

Purpose: Pelvic pain, either related or unrelated to menstruation, is especially common in women of reproductive age. Thirty-nine per cent of all women suffer from chronic pelvic pain at some point in their lives, and pelvic venous congestion syndrome (PVCS) is the cause of this pain in 30% of cases. The aim of this study was to determine factors affecting the success of endovascular venous embolization used in the treatment of PVCS, and to present the longterm treatment results. Material and methods: The data of 144 female patients who underwent endovascular ovarian vein embolization for PVCS between January 2012 and July 2020 were retrospectively analysed. Results: Pain management was determined to be very successful in 37 (25.6%) patients, successful in 55 (38.1%), and unsuccessful in 52 (35.3%). Treatments using a coil alone were significantly more successful in pain management than those involving the use of different materials in addition to the coil (p = 0.036). In addition, patients with unilateral insufficiency before the procedure were found to have more successful pain management than those with bilateral insufficiency (p = 0.041). Reproductive/postmenopausal state and parity did not have a statistically significant effect on treatment efficacy (p = 0.250 and p = 0.573, respectively). Conclusions: Endovascular pelvic venous embolization is an important option in the treatment of PVCS due its less invasive and reproducible nature

Processing of nano boron carbide reinforced flexible polymer composites with improved shielding properties

Aims: The main objective of the current research is to develop light-weight and flexible electromagnetic shielding materials with improved properties using nano/mikro boron carbide dispersed into polymer based matrices after surface modification. Methods: Nano/micro boron carbide particles with various morphologies were synthesized by sol-gel techniques and the obtained particles were surface modified with different functional groups. After mixing the particles with different polymers using high shear mixer, shielding composite plates were shaped using injection moulding and warm pressing. Results: It was shown that sol-gel technique was able to produce boron carbide particles with controlled morphology and better shielding properties could be obtained using these particles within polymeric matrices leading to the formation of flexible composites. Conclusions: Overall, it was found that light-weight and effective shielding materials could be obtained using boron carbide particles dispersed within polymeric matrices. Surface modification of the particles is critical for good dispersion and hence to get better final properties. The concentration of the reinforcing particles also affects the properties in terms of energy absorption and shielding

Processing and properties of new generation radiation shielding nano composites

Electromagnetic radiation from equipments in medical diagnostic centers or nuclear reactors causes ionization including gamma rays and x-rays that are well known to be very harmful to human health. Therefore, flexible, light-weighed and environmentally friendly shielding materials that can replace toxic and very heavy Pb based materials are required. In the present work, synthesized and surface modified micro/nano B4C particles are distributed within polymeric matrices in order to obtain flexible shielding materials. The effect of surface functionalization and concentration of boron carbide on the distribution characteristics of boron carbide and the final properties of the composites are examined