The dromedary camel; a review on the aspects of history, physical description, adaptations, behavior/lifecycle, diet, reproduction, uses, genetics and diseases

Some aspects of the life of the dromedary camel were examined based on available literature. The camel was said to be domesticated in the present day Oman about 4000 yrs ago. Two dominant species where named, the Camelus dromedary and Camelus bacterainus. Its name the “ship of the desert” was said to be given because of its usefulness to the desert nomads to whom the camel serves as beast of burden, draft animal and also a source of milk, meat, hides, hair and wool. Their ability to stay for long periods without water is one of the characteristics that make the camel of great importance due to the emergence of environmental challenges such as desert encroachment and global warming. The fast developing sport of camel racing has the potential of becoming an industry that will further enrich the economy and promote tourism in some Arab countries. The camel is also known to be susceptible to diseases like antrax, surra, helminthosis, salmonellosis, brucellosis, tuberculosis, pasturellosis, paratuberculosis, black quarter, pneumonia, and tetanus.Keywords: Camel, dromedary, origin, genus, uses, product

Mixed Gauge and Anomaly Mediation From New Physics at 10 TeV

In the context of anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking, it is natural for vectorlike fields and singlets to have supersymmetry breaking masses of order 10 TeV, and therefore act as messengers of supersymmetry breaking. We show that this can give rise to phenomenologically viable spectra compatible with perturbative gauge coupling unification. The minimal model interpolates continuously between pure anomaly mediation and gauge mediation with a messenger scale of order 10 TeV. It is also possible to have non-minimal models with more degenerate specta, with some squarks lighter than sleptons. These models reduce to the MSSM at low energies and incorporate a natural solution of the mu problem. The minimal model has four continuous parameters and one discrete parameter (the number of messengers). The LEP Higgs mass bound can be satisfied in the minimal model by tuning parameters at the GUT scale to one part in 50.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figure

Suppressed supersymmetry breaking terms in the Higgs sector

We study the little hierarchy between mass parameters in the Higgs sector and other SUSY breaking masses. This type of spectrum can relieve the fine-tuning problem in the MSSM Higgs sector. Our scenario can be realized by superconformal dynamics. The spectrum in our scenario has significant implications in other phenomenological aspects like the relic abundance of the lightest neutralino and relaxation of the unbounded-from-below constraints.Comment: 14 pages, late

Supersymmetric Models With Tan(beta) Close to Unity

Within the framework of supersymmetric grand unification, estimates of the $b$ quark mass based on the asymptotic relation $m_b \simeq m_\tau$ single out the region with $\tan\beta$ close to unity, particularly if $m_t(m_t) \stackrel{_<}{_\sim} 170\ GeV$. We explore the radiative breaking of the electroweak symmetry and the associated sparticle and higgs spectroscopy in models with $1 < \tan\beta \stackrel{_<}{_\sim} 1.6$. The lightest scalar higgs is expected to have a mass below $100\ GeV$, while the remaining four higgs masses exceed $300\ GeV$. The lower bounds on some of the sparticle masses are within the range of LEP 200.Comment: 13 pages in plain LaTeX, BA-94-02, 15 figures (available on request

Implications of a charged-current anomaly at HERA

We demonstrate that in the presence of mixing between different scalar leptoquark multiplets it is possible to simultaneously account for the HERA high-$Q^2$ neutral current anomaly, and produce a charged current anomaly of comparable magnitude. The reduced branching ratio to electrons and jets of the lightest leptoquark state results in a significant weakening of the CDF/D0 limits on scalar leptoquarks; masses consistent with the HERA neutral current excess are comfortably within the allowed range. We show that the possibilities for such a successful mixed leptoquark scenario are quite limited, and we investigate some aspects of their phenomenology.Comment: 10 pages Latex. Corrected 3-body decay width

Flavor Alignment Solutions to the Strong CP Problem in Supersymmetry

An approach to solving the Strong CP Problem in supersymmetric theories is discussed which uses abelian family symmetries to align the mass matrices of the quarks and squarks. In this way both the Strong CP Problem and the characteristic flavor and CP problems of supersymmetry can be solved in a single way.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe

Simultaneous Diagonal and Off Diagonal Order in the Bose--Hubbard Hamiltonian

The Bose-Hubbard model exhibits a rich phase diagram consisting both of insulating regimes where diagonal long range (solid) order dominates as well as conducting regimes where off diagonal long range order (superfluidity) is present. In this paper we describe the results of Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the phase diagram, both for the hard and soft core cases, with a particular focus on the possibility of simultaneous superfluid and solid order. We also discuss the appearance of phase separation in the model. The simulations are compared with analytic calculations of the phase diagram and spin wave dispersion.Comment: 28 pages plus 24 figures, uuencoded Revtex+postscript file

Evidence for hadronic deconfinement in pˉ\bar{p}-p collisions at 1.8 TeV

We have measured deconfined hadronic volumes, $4.4 < V < 13.0$ fm$^{3}$, produced by a one dimensional (1D) expansion. These volumes are directly proportional to the charged particle pseudorapidity densities $6.75 < dN_{c}/d\eta < 20.2$. The hadronization temperature is $T = 179.5 \pm 5$ (syst) MeV. Using Bjorken's 1D model,the hadronization energy density is $\epsilon_{F} = 1.10 \pm 0.26$ (stat) GeV/fm$^{3}$ corresponding to an excitation of $24.8 \pm 6.2$ (stat) quark-gluon degrees of freedom.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figures, 2 table

TeV-Scale Horizontal Symmetry and the Slepton Mass Problem of Anomaly Mediation

We propose a new scenario for solving the tachyonic slepton mass problem of anomaly mediated supersymmetry breaking models with a non-Abelian horizontal gauge symmetry broken at the TeV scale. A specific model based on SU(3)_{H} horizontal symmetry is presented wherein the sleptons receive positive mass-squared from the asymptotically free SU(3)_{H} gauge sector. Approximate global symmetries present in the model strongly suppress flavor changing processes induced by the horizontal vector gauge bosons. The model predicts m_{h} < 120 GeV for the lightest Higgs boson mass, tan{beta} nearly equal to 4, and M_V = 1-4 TeV for the SU(3)_{H} gauge boson masses. The lightest SUSY particle is found to be the neutral Wino, which is a candidate for cold dark matter.Comment: 25 pages in LaTeX, 2 eps figure