Патогенетическое и клиническое обоснование применения N-ацетилцистеина (Флуимуцила) при идиопатическом фиброзирующем альвеолите

The aim of this study was to investigate free radical and lipid disorders in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), to assess clinical efficacy of Fluimucil and to substantiate its administration in different stages of the disease. We observed 127 IPF patients, of them 59 were treated typically with prednisolone, colchicines, or azathioprin, 68 ones received immunosuppressors and Fluimucil. The diagnosis of IPF was verified morphologically in open lung biopsy samples. The patients’ age was 25 to 74 yrs, the mean age, 46.7 ± 9.8 yrs. A control group included 20 healthy donors, the mean age, 41.2 ± 1.2 yrs. N-acetylcysteine (Fluimucil, Zambon group) was administered initially IV 1800 mg a day for 14 days, then orally 1 800 mg a day for a month, then 600 mg a day for 3 months. Clinical and free radical conditions were monitored before the treatment and 3, 6 and 12 months starting the therapy. Fluimucil improved thrombocyte antioxidant activity and plasma antioxidant activity, reduced CT signs of IPF, provided a stable growth in FEV1 and FVC (by 10 % and 12 % respectively) and DLco. Fluimucil was well-tolerated, adverse effects (nausea, stomach ache) were noted in 7 patients (10.2 %). Thus, the results confirmed antioxidant efficacy of Fluimucil in IPF. The long-term administration of Fluimucil combined with the immunosuppressive drugs in IPF patients was safe and reasonable as this inhibited progression of the disease.Цель нашего исследования — уточнить особенности свободнорадикальных и липидных нарушений при идиопатическом фиброзирующем альвеолите (ИФА), определить клиническую эффективность флуимуцила и патогенетически обосновать его применение на различных стадиях заболевания. Обследованы 127 больных с ИФА, из них 59 получали традиционную терапию (преднизолон, колхицин, азатиоприн), 68 — иммуносупрессивные препараты в сочетании с Флуимуцилом. Морфологическая верификация диагноза проводилась по материалу открытых легочных биопсий. Возраст больных варьировался от 25 до 74 лет, в среднем — 46,7 ± 9,8 лет. Контрольную группу составили 20 практически здоровых доноров, средний возраст — 41,2 ± 1,2 года. N-ацетилцистеин (Флуимуцил, «Zambon») назначался по двухэтапной схеме: внутривенно в дозе 1 800 мг в течение 14 дней, затем — реr os по 1 800 мг в сутки в течение месяца и по 600 мг в сутки в последующие 3 мес. Клиническое обследование и исследование свободнорадикальных процессов проводили до лечения, через 3, 6 и 12 мес. от начала терапии. Флуимуцил оказывал положительный эффект на антиоксидантную активность тромбоцитов, коэффициенты их ингибирующего влияния на генерацию АФК лейкоцитами и антиперекисную активность плазмы. Также Флуимуцил положительно влиял на компьютерно-томографические показатели активности альвеолита. У больных, получавших Флуимуцил, к концу наблюдения отмечен стойкий прирост ЖЕЛ и ФЖЕЛ (на 10 % и 12 % соответственно) и DLсо. Флуимуцил хорошо переносился больными, побочные эффекты в виде тошноты, болей в эпигастрии наблюдались только у 7 (10,2 %) больных. Таким образом, результаты исследования подтверждают эффективность Флуимуцила как антиоксиданта при ИФА. Длительное применение высоких доз Флуимуцила в сочетании с иммунносупрессивной терапией при ИФА безопасно и патогенетически обоснованно, т. к. препятствует прогрессированию заболевания

Multiwavelength studies of MHD waves in the solar chromosphere: An overview of recent results

The chromosphere is a thin layer of the solar atmosphere that bridges the relatively cool photosphere and the intensely heated transition region and corona. Compressible and incompressible waves propagating through the chromosphere can supply significant amounts of energy to the interface region and corona. In recent years an abundance of high-resolution observations from state-of-the-art facilities have provided new and exciting ways of disentangling the characteristics of oscillatory phenomena propagating through the dynamic chromosphere. Coupled with rapid advancements in magnetohydrodynamic wave theory, we are now in an ideal position to thoroughly investigate the role waves play in supplying energy to sustain chromospheric and coronal heating. Here, we review the recent progress made in characterising, categorising and interpreting oscillations manifesting in the solar chromosphere, with an impetus placed on their intrinsic energetics.Comment: 48 pages, 25 figures, accepted into Space Science Review

Genomics and proteomics approaches to the study of cancer-stroma interactions

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The development and progression of cancer depend on its genetic characteristics as well as on the interactions with its microenvironment. Understanding these interactions may contribute to diagnostic and prognostic evaluations and to the development of new cancer therapies. Aiming to investigate potential mechanisms by which the tumor microenvironment might contribute to a cancer phenotype, we evaluated soluble paracrine factors produced by stromal and neoplastic cells which may influence proliferation and gene and protein expression.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The study was carried out on the epithelial cancer cell line (Hep-2) and fibroblasts isolated from a primary oral cancer. We combined a conditioned-medium technique with subtraction hybridization approach, quantitative PCR and proteomics, in order to evaluate gene and protein expression influenced by soluble paracrine factors produced by stromal and neoplastic cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We observed that conditioned medium from fibroblast cultures (FCM) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in Hep-2 cells. In neoplastic cells, 41 genes and 5 proteins exhibited changes in expression levels in response to FCM and, in fibroblasts, 17 genes and 2 proteins showed down-regulation in response to conditioned medium from Hep-2 cells (HCM). Nine genes were selected and the expression results of 6 down-regulated genes (<it>ARID4A</it>, <it>CALR</it>, <it>GNB2L1</it>, <it>RNF10</it>, <it>SQSTM1</it>, <it>USP9X</it>) were validated by real time PCR.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>A significant and common denominator in the results was the potential induction of signaling changes associated with immune or inflammatory response in the absence of a specific protein.</p

Coronal Density and Temperature Profiles Calculated by Forward Modeling EUV Emission Observed by SDO/AIA

We present a model for the intensity of optically thin extreme ultraviolet (EUV) emission for a plasma atmosphere. We apply our model to the solar corona as observed using the six optically thin EUV channels of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly instrument. The emissivity of the plasma is calculated from the density and temperature using CHIANTI tables and the intensity is then determined by integration along the line of sight. We consider several different profiles for the radial density and temperature profiles, each of which are constrained by the observational data alone with no further physical assumptions. We demonstrate the method first by applying it to a quiet region of the corona, and then use it as the background component of a model including coronal holes, allowing the plasma densities and temperatures inside and outside the hole to be estimated. We compare our results with differential emission measure inversions. More accurate estimates for the coronal density and temperature profiles have the potential to help constrain plasma properties such as the magnetic field strength when used in combination with methods such as seismology

ANTIHYPERTENSIVE EFFICACY AND VASOPROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF A NEW COMBINATION OF BETA-BLOCKER, BISOPROLOL (2,5/5 MG) AND DIURETIC, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE (6,25 MG)

Aim. To study influence of the fixed bisoprolol (BIS) + hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) combination on blood pressure (BP) level and a blood flow in middle cerebral artery in patients with a arterial hypertension (HT), 1 degree.Material and methods. 18 patients with HT 1 degree (7 men, 11 women; age 50,1±5,7 y.o.) were included in the non-comparative open study. All patients received a combination of selective beta1-adrenoblocker (BIS 2.5-5 mg) and diuretic (HCT 6,25 mg). Initially and in 12 weeks of the treatment all patients had a standard clinical examination, ambulatory BP monitoring, ultrasonography of mesencephalic arteries for evaluation of the cerebrovascular blood flow reactivity.Results. The target BP level (&lt;140/90 mm Hg) in 12 weeks of the treatment (12 patients received BIS 5 mg/HCT 6,25 mg, 6 patients - BIS 2,5 mg/HCT 6,25 mg) was reached in 100% of patients. Besides, significant increase in cerebral blood flow reactivity was found in tests with hyper- and hypoventilation.Conclusion. The fixed BIS/HCT combination has high antihypertensive and vasoprotective efficacy