The Manual Steering to be Made Cut Very Freely without using Power Steering System

This paper presents Manual Steering To Be Made Cut Very Freely Without Using Power Steering System, In thesis we increase the length of arm bolt so that manual steering of heavy vehicles which are very hard to be cut made easy so that driver can easily cut it and by this manual steering will cut full on both i.e. left and right side

A Potential Bio-sorbent for Heavy Metals in the Remediation of Waste Water

Bay leaves are used for flavoring in cold drinks production, in bakery goods, sauces, confectionary products and liquors. The waste generated from these sources has been valorized by attempting the remediation of waste water. Hence, adsorption of toxic metals onto Bay leaves has been investigated after optimizing the experimental parameters, namely the pH, contact time, adsorbent and Zn(II) concentrations as well as the temperature of the equilibrium mixture (consisting of the metal solution in contact with the adsorbent). The participation of the constituent functional groups, of the adsorbent, was ascertained with Fourier transform spectroscopic studies. The mode of adsorption was examined by employing important isotherm models, namely Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption process was found to follow pseudo-first order kinetic model and also followed the intraparticle diffusion up to 60 minutes of contact time. The thermodynamic parameters suggest the spontaneous nature of adsorption

Iraqi Women’s Leadership and State-Building

After 2003, Iraq witnessed radical changes in its political system. These changes occurred after many wars, multiple sanctions, and an external occupation during which its infrastructure and institutions were destroyed until it became one of the failed states from which the most serious problems that affect international security and stability emanate. It has also become an environment of conflict and multiple renewed crises, the most important of which is a crisis of leadership and state-building, which has become a necessity to discuss. This research focuses on the topic of the leadership crisis in Iraq and we look to women as a possible leaders in resolving crises and peacemaking in the stage of building the Iraqi state, and on the possibility of applying the relationship between women leadership and nation-building and what this relationship means in the context of continued insecurity and stability. Our research looks at a set of important points: 1- The possibility of exploring the role of women leaders in the process of building the Iraqi state; 2- The political behavior of Iraqi women and their role in the process of state-building; 3- The possibility of women’s participation in conflict resolution and reconstruction after a series of internal political conflicts; 4- The possibility of determining the status of Iraqi women as leaders in the context of political transitions and clarifying the roles they have already played in the transitional phase. Are Iraqi women considered essential actors in the processes of achieving peace and building the state

RCW36: characterizing the outcome of massive star formation

Massive stars play a dominant role in the process of clustered star formation, with their feedback into the molecular cloud through ionizing radiation, stellar winds and outflows. The formation process of massive stars is poorly constrained because of their scarcity, the short formation timescale and obscuration. By obtaining a census of the newly formed stellar population, the star formation history of the young cluster and the role of the massive stars within it can be unraveled. We aim to reconstruct the formation history of the young stellar population of the massive star-forming region RCW 36. We study several dozens of individual objects, both photometrically and spectroscopically, look for signs of multiple generations of young stars and investigate the role of the massive stars in this process. We obtain a census of the physical parameters and evolutionary status of the young stellar population. Using a combination of near-infrared photometry and spectroscopy we estimate ages and masses of individual objects. We identify the population of embedded young stellar objects (YSO) by their infrared colors and emission line spectra. RCW 36 harbors a stellar population of massive and intermediate-mass stars located around the center of the cluster. Class 0/I and II sources are found throughout the cluster. The central population has a median age of 1.1 +/- 0.6 Myr. Of the stars which could be classified, the most massive ones are situated in the center of the cluster. The central cluster is surrounded by filamentary cloud structures; within these, some embedded and accreting YSOs are found. Our age determination is consistent with the filamentary structures having been shaped by the ionizing radiation and stellar winds of the central massive stars. The formation of a new generation of stars is ongoing, as demonstrated by the presence of embedded protostellar clumps, and two exposed jets.Comment: 18 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysic

Isolation of Endophytic Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. from Salacia chinensis and its Antifungal Sensitivity

Salacia chinensis L (Celestraceae), an endangered medicinal plant is well known for its antidiabetic activity. An attempt of in – vitro culturing to micropropagate the plant led to the discovery of an endophytic association of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. with both stem and leaf of the plants. The fungus did not respond to the lower concentrations of Amphotericin B and Nystatin (upto 60 µg/ml) in the culture medium. However, it was sensitive at a higher concentration of 100µg/ml

Insights into the assembly and architecture of a Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD)-competent mRNP

The mammalian Staufen proteins (Stau1 and Stau2) mediate degradation of mRNA containing complex secondary structures in their 3’-untranslated region (UTR) through a pathway known as Staufen-mediated mRNA decay (SMD). This pathway also involves the RNA helicase UPF1, which is best known for its role in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway. Here we present a biochemical reconstitution of the recruitment and activation of UPF1 in context of the SMD pathway. We demonstrate the involvement of UPF2, a core NMD factor and a known activator of UPF1, in SMD. UPF2 acts as an adaptor between Stau1 and UPF1, stimulates the catalytic activity of UPF1 and plays a central role in the formation of an SMD-competent mRNP. Our study elucidates the molecular mechanisms of SMD and points towards extensive cross-talk between UPF1-mediated mRNA decay pathways in cells

Effect of germination on the functional and moisture sorption properties of high pressure processed foxtail millet grain flour

Foxtail millet is one of the commonly cultivated, nutritionally competitive source of protein, fibre, phytochemicals and other micronutrients, as compared to major cereals like wheat and rice. Considering the potential of these grains, the high pressure processed flours of germinated (GFMF) and non-germinated foxtail millet (NGFMF) grains were studied for its functional, moisture sorption and thermodynamic properties. Germination and high pressure processing of foxtail millet grains significantly improved the functional properties of the flour. Apart from this, the moisture sorption isotherms of both the flours were determined at 10, 25 and 40 oC and the sorption data was fitted to Guggenheim-Anderson-De Boer (GAB) sorption model. The monolayer moisture content for NGFMF and GFMF ranged between 3.235 - 2.364 g g-1 and 2.987 – 2.063 g g-1, respectively. The isosteric heat of sorption ranged between -76.35 kJ mol-1 to -38.23 kJ mol-1 for NGFMF and 172.55 kJ mol-1 to -34.02 kJ mol-1 for GFMF at a moisture range of 0 to 36%, whereas, the integral entropy of sorption for NGFMF ranged between -0.404 to -0.120 kJ mol-1 K-1 and for GFMF between -0.667 to -0.383 kJ mol-1 K-1. Along with the validation of the compensation theory, the values of spreading pressures lied in the range of 0 – 0.078 J m-2 for NGFMF and 0 – 0.124 J m-2 for GFMF, while, the glass transition temperatures ranged between 82.25 to 28.67 oC for NGFMF and from 51.11 to 11.83 oC for GFMF at all three temperatures

Improved Multi-Verse Optimizer Feature Selection Technique With Application To Phishing, Spam, and Denial Of Service Attacks

Intelligent classification systems proved their merits in different fields including cybersecurity. However, most cybercrime issues are characterized of being dynamic and not static classification problems where the set of discriminative features keep changing with time. This indeed requires revising the cybercrime classification system and pick a group of features that preserve or enhance its performance. Not only this but also the system compactness is regarded as an important factor to judge on the capability of any classification system where cybercrime classification systems are not an exception. The current research proposes an improved feature selection algorithm that is inspired from the well-known multi-verse optimizer (MVO) algorithm. Such an algorithm is then applied to 3 different cybercrime classification problems namely phishing websites, spam, and denial of service attacks. MVO is a population-based approach which stimulates a well-known theory in physics namely multi-verse theory. MVO uses the black and white holes principles for exploration, and wormholes principle for exploitation. A roulette selection schema is used for scientifically modeling the principles of white hole and black hole in exploration phase, which bias to the good solutions, in this case the solutions will be moved toward the best solution and probably to lose the diversity, other solutions may contain important information but didn’t get chance to be improved. Thus, this research will improve the exploration of the MVO by introducing the adaptive neighborhood search operations in updating the MVO solutions. The classification phase has been done using a classifier to evaluate the results and to validate the selected features. Empirical outcomes confirmed that the improved MVO (IMVO) algorithm is capable to enhance the search capability of MVO, and outperform other algorithm involved in comparison

Moyamoya disease: A clinical spectrum, literature review and case series from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Moyamoya is a rare cerebrovascular disease of unknown etiology. The data on moyamoya disease from Pakistan is sparse. We report a case series of 13 patients who presented with moyamoya disease to a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan with a national referral base.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We conducted a retrospective review of thirteen patients who presented to The Aga Khan University and diagnosed with "Moyamoya Disease" during the period 1988 – 2006. These patients were identified from existing hospital database via ICD-9 codes. A predesigned questionnaire containing information about clinical presentation, management and neuroimaging was administered to all identified patients.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were seven males and six females. Mean age at presentation was 16.5 years and a female predominance was found in the pediatric age group (n = 10, 71.4%). Stroke (n = 11, 84.2%) was the most common presentation with motor deficit being the universal cortical symptom. Fever was a common symptom in the lower age groups (n = 4, 51.7%). Cerebral Angiography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography showed bilateral involvement of the vessels in eleven patients while unilateral in two. Subarachnoid and interventricular haemorrhage appeared in 2(15.4%) adults. Twelve (92.3%) patients were discharged as independent with minor deficits regardless of therapeutic modality. Only three (23.0%) patients underwent surgery whereas the remaining were managed conservatively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Physicians when dealing with childhood strokes and characteristic deficits in adult population should consider Moyamoya disease.</p