15,685 research outputs found
Time and Ensemble Averages in Bohmian Mechanics
We show that in the framework of one-dimensional Bohmian Quantum
Mechanics[1], for a particle subject to a potential undergoing a weak adiabatic
change, the time averages of the particle's positions typically differ markedly
from the ensemble averages. We Apply this result to the case where the weak
perturbing potential is the back-action of a measuring device (i.e. a
protective measurement). It is shown that under these conditions, most
trajectories never cross the position measured (as already shown for a
particular example in [3]).Comment: 6 page
Implications of Lorentz covariance for the guidance equation in two-slit quantum interference
It is known that Lorentz covariance fixes uniquely the current and the
associated guidance law in the trajectory interpretation of quantum mechanics
for spin particles. In the non-relativistic domain this implies a guidance law
for the electron which differs by an additional spin-dependent term from that
originally proposed by de Broglie and Bohm. In this paper we explore some of
the implications of the modified guidance law. We bring out a property of
mutual dependence in the particle coordinates that arises in product states,
and show that the quantum potential has scalar and vector components which
implies the particle is subject to a Lorentz-like force. The conditions for the
classical limit and the limit of negligible spin are given, and the empirical
sufficiency of the model is demonstrated. We then present a series of
calculations of the trajectories based on two-dimensional Gaussian wave packets
which illustrate how the additional spin-dependent term plays a significant
role in structuring both the individual trajectories and the ensemble. The
single packet corresponds to quantum inertial motion. The distinct features
encountered when the wavefunction is a product or a superposition are explored,
and the trajectories that model the two-slit experiment are given. The latter
paths exhibit several new characteristics compared with the original de
Broglie-Bohm ones, such as crossing of the axis of symmetry.Comment: 27 pages including 6 pages of figure
AlkoxyalleneâBased LANCA ThreeâComponent Synthesis of 1,2âDiketones, Quinoxalines, and Unique Isoindenone Dimers and a Computational Study of the Isoindenone Dimerization
A series of ÎČâalkoxyâÎČâketoenamides was prepared by the wellâestablished LANCA threeâcomponent reaction of lithiated 1â(2âtrimethylsilylethoxy)âsubstituted allenes, nitriles, and α,ÎČâunsaturated carboxylic acids. The αâtertâbutylâsubstituted compounds were smoothly converted into the expected 1,2âdiketones by treatment with trifluoroacetic acid. A subsequent condensation of the 1,2âdiketones with oâphenylenediamine provided the desired highly substituted quinoxalines in good overall yield. Surprisingly, the αâphenylâsubstituted ÎČâalkoxyâÎČâketoenamides investigated afford not only the expected 1,2âdiketones, but also pentacyclic compounds with an antiâtricyclo[4.2.1.12,5]decaâ3,7âdieneâ9,10âdione core. These interesting products are very likely the result of an isoindenone dimerization which was mechanistically studied with the support of DFT calculations. Under the strongly acidic reaction conditions, a stepwise reaction is likely leading to a protonated isoindenone as reactive intermediate. It may first form a van der Waals complex with a neutral isoindenone before the two regioâ and diastereoselective ring forming steps occur. Interestingly, two neutral or two protonated isoindenones are also predicted to dimerize giving the observed pentacyclic product
Narrow-line Laser Cooling by Adiabatic Transfer
We propose and demonstrate a novel laser cooling mechanism applicable to
particles with narrow-linewidth optical transitions. By sweeping the frequency
of counter-propagating laser beams in a sawtooth manner, we cause adiabatic
transfer back and forth between the ground state and a long-lived optically
excited state. The time-ordering of these adiabatic transfers is determined by
Doppler shifts, which ensures that the associated photon recoils are in the
opposite direction to the particle's motion. This ultimately leads to a robust
cooling mechanism capable of exerting large forces via a weak transition and
with reduced reliance on spontaneous emission. We present a simple intuitive
model for the resulting frictional force, and directly demonstrate its efficacy
for increasing the total phase-space density of an atomic ensemble. We rely on
both simulation and experimental studies using the 7.5~kHz linewidth S
to P transition in Sr. The reduced reliance on spontaneous
emission may allow this adiabatic sweep method to be a useful tool for cooling
particles that lack closed cycling transitions, such as molecules.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Ozone measurement systems improvements studies
Results are summarized of an initial study of techniques for measuring atmospheric ozone, carried out as the first phase of a program to improve ozone measurement techniques. The study concentrated on two measurement systems, the electro chemical cell (ECC) ozonesonde and the Dobson ozone spectrophotometer, and consisted of two tasks. The first task consisted of error modeling and system error analysis of the two measurement systems. Under the second task a Monte-Carlo model of the Dobson ozone measurement technique was developed and programmed for computer operation
Unraveling quantum dissipation in the frequency domain
We present a quantum Monte Carlo method for solving the evolution of an open
quantum system. In our approach, the density operator evolution is unraveled in
the frequency domain. Significant advantages of this approach arise when the
frequency of each dissipative event conveys information about the state of the
system.Comment: 4 pages, 4 Postscript figures, uses RevTe
Signature change from Schutz's canonical quantum cosmology and its classical analogue
We study the signature change in a perfect fluid Friedmann-Robertson-Walker
quantum cosmological model. In this work the Schutz's variational formalism is
applied to recover the notion of time. This gives rise to a
Schrodinger-Wheeler-DeWitt equation with arbitrary ordering for the scale
factor. We use the eigenfunctions in order to construct wave packets and
evaluate the time-dependent expectation value of the scale factor which
coincides with the ontological interpretation. We show that these solutions
exhibit signature transitions from a finite Euclidean to a Lorentzian domain.
Moreover, such models are equivalent to a classical system where, besides the
perfect fluid, a repulsive fluid is present.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figures, to appear in PR
Does the keeping of a professional development profile lead to an enhanced self awareness in newly qualified secondary teachers? A study conducted in a large UK University
Looking at how the professional development profile leads to an enhanced self awareness in newly qualified secondary teachers.</p
Adaptive intelligence applied to numerical optimisation
The article presents modification strategies theoretical comparison and experimental results achieved by adaptive heuristics applied to numerical optimisation of several non-constraint test functions. The aims of the study are to identify and compare how adaptive search heuristics behave within heterogeneous search space without retuning of the search parameters. The achieved results are summarised and analysed, which could be used for comparison to other methods and further investigation
Prostaglandin E 2 production and viability of cells cultured in contact with freshly mixed endodontic materials
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73861/1/j.1365-2591.2006.01070.x.pd
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