Effect of Mercuric Chloride on Hepatic Phosphatases and Transaminases in Albino Rat

Mercuric chloride is a serious health hazard and produces various disorders. However, phosphatases and transaminases are marker enzymes of hepatic toxicity. Twenty four adult albino rats have taken and divided into 4 groups. Group one for acute study, while three for subacute studies with 3 rats in each. Control was also taken with similar references. Mercuric chloride gave orally administered (LD50=9.26mg/kg b.w.) by gavage tube with distilled water. Rats were autopsized at predetermined time interval to assess hepatic toxicity. Phosphatases include alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase while transaminases include alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase. Results revealed that ALP and ACP were significantly increased after acute and subacute treatment due to the destruction of the cell membrane of lysosomes. However, AST and ALT were also increased significantly due to toxic effect of mercuric chloride on hepatic cells. Hence, the present study demonstrates that mercuric chloride produces hepatic toxicity in the form of elevation of phosphatases and transaminases enzyme level

Assessment of Toxicity of Some Penta- and Hexacoordinated Organotin(IV) and Tetracoordinated Tin(II) Complexes of Heterocyclic β-Diketones

A number of penta- and hexacoordinated organotin(IV) complexes and tetracoordinated tin(II) complexes of compositions [Formula: see text] (where R = − CH(3), −p−ClC(6)H(4), and −C(6)H(5)), [Formula: see text] (where R = −CH(3), and −C(6)H(5)), and Sn(II) [Formula: see text] (where R = −p−ClC(6)H(4) and −C(6)H(5)) were screened for their toxicity against Musca domestica (house fly). In general, organotin(IV) complexes contribute more to the activity than tin(II) complexes

Evaluation of oil of Cedrus deodara and benzyl benzoate in sarcoptic mange in sheep

Two commonly used acaricidal drugs in India containing oil Cedrus deodara (OCD) and benzyl benzoate (BB), respectively, were used in 24 lambs (3–6 months) naturally infected with Sarcoptes mites. The lambs were divided in three equal groups. Two groups were kept as treated groups and a third as control. Drugs were applied locally on affected parts on alternate days and recovery changes in skin lesions were observed regularly at the time of application. Blood samples from each group were collected and analysed for total erythrocytes, leukocytes, and haemoglobin concentration every 10 d Post treatment (PT). The two treated groups responded to the treatment but recovery in the C. deodara group (CDG) was faster and lesions were free from mites after 5 applications (tenth day) as compared to the seventh application (fourteenth day) in the benzyl benzoate group (BBG). Erythrocyte and leukocyte counts were significantly different in treated groups as compared to control. Animals treated with OCD had significantly more erythrocyte and leukocyte counts compared to control; however, haemoglobin did not show significant difference. Oil of C. deodara was found more efficacious in controlling sarcoptic mange in sheep

Novel Circuit for the Rapid Measurement of Dielectric Constant with Ultra Precision over a Wide Range of Frequencies

A simplified instrument is designed for dielectric constant measurement of liquids and gases over a wide range of frequencies by using 6j5 as variable oscillator and 6E5 electron-ray tube for mechanical resonance indication with the quartz crystal of various frequencies. Measurements with the proposed new circuit are simple, rapid and accurate

Cuticular Biochemistry: Lambda-Cyhalothrin Induced Alterations in Mutant Drosophila Melanogaster

Derivatives of natural pyrethrum, synthetic pyrethroids, are well-established neurotoxins. However, they do interfere with the functioning of metabolic processes; the most important of these is chitin metabolism, a key process in the development of insects. Type II synthetic pyrethroid, lambda-cyhalothrin, when orally fed to Drosophila melanogaster revealed its efficacy in chitin synthesis modulation. Total proteins, glucosamine, N-acetylglucosamine, chitinase activity and chitin content exhibit significant changes in the final developmental stage, the adults. A reduction in chitin synthesis is suggestive of interference in polymerization process which is a must for cuticle formation. Involvement of lambda-cyhalothrin in chitin synthesis has been sought to be an additional mode of action, other than its neurotoxic nature

BVPSMS: A Batch Verification Protocol for End-to-End Secure SMS for Mobile Users

Short Message Service (SMS) is a widely used communication medium for mobile applications, such as banking, social networking, and e-commerce. Applications of SMS services also include real-time broadcasting messages, such as notification of natural disasters and terrorist attacks, and sharing the current whereabouts to other users, such as notifying urgent business meeting information, transmitting quick information in the battlefield to multiple users, notifying current location to our friends, and sharing market information. However, traditional SMS is not designed with security in mind (e.g. messages are not securely sent). In this paper, we introduce a batch verification Authentication and Key Agreement (AKA) protocol, BVPSMS, which provides end-to-end message security over an insecure communication channel between different Mobile Subscribers (MSs). Specifically, the proposed protocol securely transmits SMS from one MS to multiple MS simultaneously. We then evaluate the performance of the BVPSMS protocol in terms of communication and computation overheads, protocol execution time, and batch and re-batch verification times. The impacts of the user mobility, and the time, space, and cost complexity analysis are also discussed. We present a formal proof of the proposed protocol. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first provably-secure batch verification AKA protocol, which provides end-to-end security to the SMS using symmetric keys

Fragile aspects of topological transition in lossy and parity-time symmetric quantum walks

Quantum walks often provide telling insights about the structure of the system on which they are performed. In PT-symmetric and lossy dimer lattices, the topological properties of the band structure manifest themselves in the quantization of the mean displacement of such a walker. We investigate the fragile aspects of a topological transition in these two dimer models. We find that the transition is sensitive to the initial state of the walker on the Bloch sphere, and the resultant mean displacement has a robust topological component and a quasiclassical component. In PT symmetric dimer lattices, we also show that the transition is smeared by nonlinear effects that become important in the PT-symmetry broken region. By carrying out consistency checks via analytical calculations, tight-binding results, and beam-propagation-method simulations, we show that our predictions are easily testable in today’s experimental systems