5,402 research outputs found
A new limit on the Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray flux with the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope
A particle cascade (shower) in a dielectric, for example as initiated by an
ultra-high energy cosmic ray, will have an excess of electrons which will emit
coherent \v{C}erenkov radiation, known as the Askaryan effect. In this work we
study the case in which such a particle shower occurs in a medium just below
its surface. We show, for the first time, that the radiation transmitted
through the surface is independent of the depth of the shower below the surface
when observed from far away, apart from trivial absorption effects. As a direct
application we use the recent results of the NuMoon project, where a limit on
the neutrino flux for energies above \,eV was set using the Westerbork
Synthesis Radio Telescope by measuring pulsed radio emission from the Moon, to
set a limit on the flux of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Vestigingssteun voor bedrijfsopvolgers in de agrarische sector : een analyse van drie mogelijke varianten
In dit rapport is voor drie varianten van vestigingssteun het effect op de financiële positie na de bedrijfsovername onderzocht. De financiële positie na bedrijfsovername is zeer verschillend tussen bedrijven. Deze uitgangssituatie na overname is van essentieel belang voor de levensvatbaarheid. Voor de analyse van de drie varianten is een rekenmodel gemaakt. Van de drie varianten komt de variant zoals die door het Nederlands Agrarisch Jongeren Kontakt is voorgesteld het beste naar voren: het 'Next Generation Fund'. De opvolger ontvangt bij bedrijfsovername 50.000 gulden, die na 10 jaar moet worden terugbetaald. Dit is met name gunstig voor de liquiditeitspositie van de opvolger. Het effect van vestigingssteun op de levensvatbaarheid valt in het niet vergeleken met de effecten van de verschillen in uitgangssituatie
Study on the economic, social and environmental impact of the modulation provided for in Article 10 of Council Regulation (EC) No 1782/2003
HST Snapshot Survey of Post-AGB Objects
The results from a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) snapshot survey of post-AGB
objects are shown. The aim of the survey is to complement existing HST images
of PPN and to connect various types of nebulosities with physical and chemical
properties of their central stars. Nebulosities are detected in 15 of 33
sources. Images and photometric and geometric measurements are presented. For
sources with nebulosities we see a morphological bifurcation into two groups,
DUPLEX and SOLE, as previous studies have found. We find further support to the
previous results suggesting that this dichotomy is caused by a difference in
optical thickness of the dust shell. The remaining 18 sources are classified as
stellar post-AGB objects, because our observations indicate a lack of
nebulosity. We show that some stellar sources may in fact be DUPLEX or SOLE
based on their infrared colors. The cause of the differences among the groups
are investigated. We discuss some evidence suggesting that high progenitor-mass
AGB stars tend to become DUPLEX post-AGB objects. Intermediate progenitor-mass
AGB stars tend to be SOLE post-AGB objects. Most of the stellar sources
probably have low mass progenitors and do not seem to develop nebulosities
during the post-AGB phase and therefore do not become planetary nebulae.Comment: 21 pages, 11 figure
An air shower array for LOFAR: LORA
LOFAR is a new form of radio telescope which can detect radio emission from
air showers induced by very high-energy cosmic rays. It can also look for radio
emission from particle cascades on the Moon induced by ultra high-energy cosmic
rays or neutrinos. To complement the radio detection, we are setting up a small
particle detector array LORA (LOfar Radboud Air shower array) within an area of
m diameter in the LOFAR core. It will help in triggering and
confirming the radio detection of air showers with the LOFAR antennas. In this
paper, we present a short overview about LORA and discuss its current status.Comment: 10 pages (using article.cls), 6 figures, accepted for the proceedings
of 22nd European Cosmic Ray Symposium, 3-6 August 2010, Finlan
Proton Motive Force-Dependent Hoechst 33342 Transport by the ABC Transporter LmrA of Lactococcus lactis
The fluorescent compound Hoechst 33342 is a substrate for many multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters and is widely used to characterize their transport activity. We have constructed mutants of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette (ABC)-type MDR transporter LmrA of Lactococcus lactis that are defective in ATP hydrolysis. These mutants and wild-type LmrA exhibited an atypical behavior in the Hoechst 33342 transport assay. In membrane vesicles, Hoechst 33342 transport was shown to be independent of the ATPase activity of LmrA, and it was not inhibited by orthovanadate but sensitive to uncouplers that collapse the proton gradient and to N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, an inhibitor of the F0F1-ATPase. In contrast, transport of Hoechst 33342 by the homologous, heterodimeric MDR transporter LmrCD showed a normal ATP dependence and was insensitive to uncouplers of the proton gradient. With intact cells, expression of LmrA resulted in an increased rate of Hoechst 33342 influx while LmrCD caused a decrease in the rate of Hoechst 33342 influx. Cellular toxicity assays using a triple knockout strain, i.e., L. lactis ΔlmrA ΔlmrCD, demonstrate that expression of LmrCD protects cells against the growth inhibitory effects of Hoechst 33342, while in the presence of LmrA, cells are more susceptible to Hoechst 33342. Our data demonstrate that the LmrA-mediated Hoechst 33342 transport in membrane vesicles is influenced by the transmembrane pH gradient due to a pH-dependent partitioning of Hoechst 33342 into the membrane.
Uitdagend gedifferentieerd vakonderwijs. Praktisch gereedschap om je onderwijsrepertoire blijvend uit te breiden
Teaching and Teacher Learning (ICLON
Relocation of active site carboxylates in major facilitator superfamily multidrug transporter LmrP reveals plasticity in proton interactions
The expression of polyspecific membrane transporters is one important mechanism by which cells can obtain resistance to structurally different antibiotics and cytotoxic agents. These transporters reduce intracellular drug concentrations to subtoxic levels by mediating drug efflux across the cell envelope. The major facilitator superfamily multidrug transporter LmrP from lactis catalyses drug efflux in a membrane potential and chemical proton gradient-dependent fashion. To enable the interaction with protons and cationic substrates, LmrP contains catalytic carboxyl residues on the surface of a large interior chamber that is formed by transmembrane helices. These residues co-localise together with polar and aromatic residues, and are predicted to be present in two clusters. To investigate the functional role of the catalytic carboxylates, we generated mutant proteins catalysing membrane potential-independent dye efflux by removing one of the carboxyl residues in Cluster 1. We then relocated this carboxyl residue to six positions on the surface of the interior chamber, and tested for restoration of wildtype energetics. The reinsertion at positions towards Cluster 2 reinstated the membrane potential dependence of dye efflux. Our data uncover a remarkable plasticity in proton interactions in LmrP, which is a consequence of the flexibility in the location of key residues that are responsible for proton/multidrug antiport.A.V.N. is a research associate funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC). H.S., S.R. and Z.T. received scholarships from the Cambridge Commonwealth, European and International Trust. A.N. is the recipient of a Herchel-Smith Scholarship. K.A. is funded through a programme grant from the Human Frontier Science Program
Colloidal aggregation in microgravity by critical Casimir forces
By using the critical Casimir force, we study the attractive strength
dependent aggregation of colloids with and without gravity by means of Near
Field scattering. Significant differences were seen between microgravity and
ground experiments, both in the structure of the formed fractal aggregates as
well as the kinetics of growth. Ground measurements are severely affected by
sedimentation resulting in reaction limited behavior. In microgravity, a purely
diffusive behavior is seen reflected both in the measured fractal dimensions
for the aggregates as well as the power law behavior in the rate of growth.
Formed aggregates become more open as the attractive strength increases.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Measurement of the circular polarization in radio emission from extensive air showers confirms emission mechanisms
We report here on a novel analysis of the complete set of four Stokes
parameters that uniquely determine the linear and/or circular polarization of
the radio signal for an extensive air shower. The observed dependency of the
circular polarization on azimuth angle and distance to the shower axis is a
clear signature of the interfering contributions from two different radiation
mechanisms, a main contribution due to a geomagnetically-induced transverse
current and a secondary component due to the build-up of excess charge at the
shower front. The data, as measured at LOFAR, agree very well with a
calculation from first principles. This opens the possibility to use circular
polarization as an investigative tool in the analysis of air shower structure,
such as for the determination of atmospheric electric fields.Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
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