Increasing the Hardwood Content on the Furnish by Separate Refining

Introduction It is an old papermaker\u27s adage that paper is made in the beater. This means that the performance and the physical properties of the paper are determined by the type and the extent of the mechanical action to which the fibers are subjected before they are joined to form paper. The terms used to describe the function of refining; free beaten, wet beaten, et al are all traditionally vague, by reason of the complicated structure of the fibers and the even more complicated changes these fibers undergo during the refining process

A survey of life support system automation and control

The level of automation and control necessary to support advanced life support systems for use in the manned space program is steadily increasing. As the length and complexity of manned missions increase, life support systems must be able to meet new space challenges. Longer, more complex missions create new demands for increased automation, improved sensors, and improved control systems. It is imperative that research in these key areas keep pace with current and future developments in regenerative life support technology. This paper provides an overview of past and present research in the areas of sensor development, automation, and control of life support systems for the manned space program, and it discusses the impact continued research in several key areas will have on the feasibility, operation, and design of future life support systems

Cold gas in the inner regions of intermediate redshift clusters

Determining gas content and star formation rate has known remarkable progress in field galaxies, but has been much less investigated in galaxies inside clusters. We present the first CO observations of luminous infrared galaxies (LIRGs) inside the virial radii of two intermediate redshift clusters, CL1416+4446 (z=0.397) and CL0926+1242 (z=0.489). We detect three galaxies at high significance (5 to 10 sigma), and provide robust estimates of their CO luminosities, L'CO. In order to put our results into a general context, we revisit the relation between cold and hot gas and stellar mass in nearby field and cluster galaxies. We find evidence that at fixed LIR (or fixed stellar mass), the frequency of high L'CO galaxies is lower in clusters than in the field, suggesting environmental depletion of the reservoir of cold gas. The level of star formation activity in a galaxy is primarily linked to the amount of cold gas, rather than to the galaxy mass or the lookback time. In clusters, just as in the field, the conversion between gas and stars seems universal. The relation between LIR and L'CO for distant cluster galaxies extends the relation of nearby galaxies to higher IR luminosities. Nevertheless, the intermediate redshift galaxies fall well within the dispersion of the trend defined by local systems. Considering that L'CO is generally derived from the CO(1-0) line and sensitive to the vast majority of the molecular gas in the cold interstellar medium of galaxies, but less to the part which will actually be used to form stars, we suggest that molecular gas can be stripped before the star formation rate is affected. Combining the sample of Geach et al. (2009, 2011) and ours, we find evidence for a decrease in CO towards the cluster centers. This is the first hint of an environmental impact on cold gas at intermediate redshift.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysic

Dynamics of the trade balance and the terms of trade: the S-curve

We provide a theoretical interpretation of two features of international data: the countercyclical movements in net exports and the tendency for the trade balance to be negatively correlated with current and future movements in the terms of trade, but positively correlated with past movements. We document these same properties in a two-country stochastic growth model in which trade fluctuations reflect, in large part, the dynamics of capital formation. We find that the general equilibrium perspective is essential: The relation between the trade balance and the terms of trade depends critically on the source of fluctuations.Balance of trade

Self-Interest, Markets, and the Four Problems of Economic Life

Book description:The Annual, the journal of the Society of Christian Ethics, offers access to a wide variety of the most recent work in Christian and religious ethics. It is an essential source for student and faculty to keep abreast of new developments in the discipline and to locate sources for research

Relative price movements in dynamic general equilibrium models of international trade

We examine the behavior of international relative prices from the perspective of dynamic general equilibrium theory, with particular emphasis on the variability of the terms of trade and the relation between the terms of trade and net exports. We highlight aspects of the theory that are critical in determining these properties, contrast our perspective with those associated with the Marshall-Lerner condition and the Harberger-Laursen-Metzler effect, and point out features of the data that have proved difficult to explain within existing dynamic general equilibrium models.International trade

Philosophy, Not Theology, Is the Key for Economics: A Catholic Perspective

This essay addresses two important problems with mainstream economics that reduce its usefulness for people of religious faith: its eclipse of the causal forces operating within the ‘black box’ of the market, and its empiricist methodological underpinnings. Yet neither of these problems requires religious resources for a solution. The critical realist philosophy of science of Roy Bhaskar provides a fruitful alternative to empiricism. The insights of critical realist sociologists to understand markets as social structures provide a helpful way to direct economists’ attention to important but neglected market relations

Identifying Targets for Quality Improvement in a Community Child Mental Health Agency

The implementation of evidence-based practices has great potential to improve the quality of children’s services; however, with a large variety of available practices, it can be challenging to select targets for quality improvement in community-based treatment. This study used a method called relevance mapping to identify how thoroughly evidence-based programs could cover a specific population of children seeking services at a large public agency and identify practice elements relevant to these clients. A therapist survey was used to examine current practice at the agency. Eight therapists at the agency reported on their practice delivery for 141 clients. Results from relevance mapping and therapist surveys were combined to create practice profiles for two predominant diagnostic categories seen at the agency: substance use and depression. These practice profiles were used to identify three areas of interest for agency quality improvement with regard to practice element delivery: Agency Strengths, Opportunities, and Weaknesses. Results demonstrate a potential blueprint for tailoring specific feedback to an agency for use in quality improvement efforts

A note on the effectiveness of selenium supplementation of Irish-grown Allium crops.

peer-reviewedThis study is funded by the Department of Agriculture and Food through the Network and Team Building Initiative of the Food Institutional Research Measure (FIRM Reference Number 06/NITARFC6).Onions and other Allium crops contain high levels of dietary phenolics and, unlike many other crops, accumulate the beneficial mineral selenium. Selenium-enhanced Allium crops are of interest both from a public good perspective and as a market positioning strategy for growers. Field trials were carried out to i) identify onion and scallion varieties that contain high levels of health-promoting phenolic and flavonoid compounds as potential targets for selenium supplementation and ii) investigate selenium supplementation in the widely-grown commercial onion variety ‘Hyskin’ at different application rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Levels of selenium in onion bulbs were significantly increased from 0.5–5.9 μg/g dry weight (DW) to 40.6–70.0 μg/g DW.Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marin

Practicing Community: Naming, Claiming, and Practicing the Holy Spirit\u27s Sending of a Congregation in the Midst of Change into the Open Future

This project utilized social science research, through a transformative, mixed- methods strategy, to investigate a thriving, downtown Presbyterian Church (USA) congregation’s missional awareness and response to change, disruption, and chaos in their midst during a major building expansion and movement into new spaces. This study explored in what ways members of the congregation relied on or adjusted their patterns of engaging in spiritual practices as a result of a change in their surroundings. This research shows how a greater missional understanding developed for members of the congregation because of a movement through a season of modification to both their building and access to it, and the ways in which they were able to gather and practice their faith