РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИИ ПОЧЕК В АКТЮБИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ КАЗАХСТАНА

Aim: to analyse the results of the initial experience of kidney transplantation of the regional hospital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. The results of kidney transplantations which were performed to 31 patients in the Aktobe Medical Center (AMC, Aktobesity) for the period from November 2014 to 2017 are presented. Kidney transplantations were performed in compliance with clinical protocols according to the generally accepted methodology. In 25 cases transplantation performed from a living donor, in 6 cases – from deceased donors. The most of living donors underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with manual assistance (70.8%).Results. After nephrectomy operations complications were not observed in donors, all patients were discharged in a satisfactory state on the 5th–8th postoperative day. The following complications were observed in recipients in the early postoperative period: acute tubular necrosis – 1, postoperative bleeding (retroperitoneal hematoma) – 2, lymphorrhagia – 2, urinary leakages – 2. One recipient was died in the late postoperative period after infection complications and the development of sepsis.Conclusions. Kidney transplantation is undoubtedly effective method for treating patients with terminal chronic kidney failure. The results of the initial experience of kidney transplantation in the Aktobe regional hospital of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not differ from the average results of leading domestic and other foreign transplant clinics.Цель. Анализ результатов первоначального опыта пересадки почек в условиях областной больницы Республики Казахстан.Материалы и методы. Представлены результаты трансплантации почек, проведенных на базе Актюбинского медицинского центра (АМЦ, г. Актобе) 31 пациенту за период с ноября 2014 года по 2017 год. Операции по трансплантации проводились с соблюдением установленных протоколов по общепринятой методике. В 25 случаях проведена трансплантация от живого донора, в 6 случаях – от трупных доноров. Основная часть живых доноров подверглась лапароскопической нефроуретерэктомии с ручной ассистенцией (70,8%).Результаты. После операций по нефроуретерэктомии у доноров осложнений не наблюдалось, все были выписаны в удовлетворительном состоянии на 5–8-е сутки после операции. У реципиентов в послеоперационном периоде наблюдались следующие осложнения: острый канальцевый некроз – 1, послеоперационное кровотечение (забрюшинная гематома) – 2, лимфорея по дренажу – 2, несостоятельность мочевого анастомоза – 2. Умер 1 реципиент в отдаленном послеоперационном периоде на фоне инфекционных осложнений с развитием сепсиса.Выводы. Трансплантация почки, бесспорно, является более эффективным методом лечения больных с терминальной хронической почечной недостаточностью. Результаты первоначального опыта трансплантации почек в условиях областной больницы Актюбинской области Республики Казахстан не отличаются от среднестатистических результатов ведущих отечественных и зарубежных клиник

RESULTS OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION IN AKTOBE REGION OF KAZAKHSTAN

Aim: to analyse the results of the initial experience of kidney transplantation of the regional hospital of the Republic of Kazakhstan.Materials and methods. The results of kidney transplantations which were performed to 31 patients in the Aktobe Medical Center (AMC, Aktobesity) for the period from November 2014 to 2017 are presented. Kidney transplantations were performed in compliance with clinical protocols according to the generally accepted methodology. In 25 cases transplantation performed from a living donor, in 6 cases – from deceased donors. The most of living donors underwent laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with manual assistance (70.8%).Results. After nephrectomy operations complications were not observed in donors, all patients were discharged in a satisfactory state on the 5th–8th postoperative day. The following complications were observed in recipients in the early postoperative period: acute tubular necrosis – 1, postoperative bleeding (retroperitoneal hematoma) – 2, lymphorrhagia – 2, urinary leakages – 2. One recipient was died in the late postoperative period after infection complications and the development of sepsis.Conclusions. Kidney transplantation is undoubtedly effective method for treating patients with terminal chronic kidney failure. The results of the initial experience of kidney transplantation in the Aktobe regional hospital of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not differ from the average results of leading domestic and other foreign transplant clinics

Angular distribution in the neutron-induced fission of actinides

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 2.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly citedAbove 1 MeV of incident neutron energy the fission fragment angular distribution (FFAD) has generally a strong anisotropic behavior due to the combination of the incident orbital momentum and the intrinsic spin of the fissioning nucleus. This effect has to be taken into account for the efficiency estimation of devices used for fission cross section measurements. In addition it bears information on the spin deposition mechanism and on the structure of transitional states. We designed and constructed a detection device, based on Parallel Plate Avalanche Counters (PPAC), for measuring the fission fragment angular distributions of several isotopes, in particular Th. The measurement has been performed at n-TOF at CERN taking advantage of the very broad energy spectrum of the neutron beam. Fission events were recognized by back to back detection in coincidence in two position-sensitive detectors surrounding the targets. The detection efficiency, depending mostly on the stopping of fission fragments in backings and electrodes, has been computed with a Geant4 simulation and validated by the comparison to the measured case of U below 3 keV where the emission is isotropic. In the case of Th, the result is in good agreement with previous data below 10 MeV, with a good reproduction of the structures associated to vibrational states and the opening of second chance fission. In the 14 MeV region our data are much more accurate than previous ones which are broadly scattered

Measurement of the angular distribution of fission fragments using a PPAC assembly at CERN n-TOF

A fission reaction chamber based on Parallel Plate Avalanche Counters (PPACs) was built for measuring angular distributions of fragments emitted in neutron-induced fission of actinides at the neutron beam available at the Neutron Time-Of-Flight (n-TOF) facility at CERN. The detectors and the samples were tilted 45 with respect to the neutron beam direction to cover all the possible values of the emission angle of the fission fragments. The main features of this setup are discussed and results on the fission fragment angular distribution are provided for the Th(n,f) reaction around the fission threshold. The results are compared with the available data in the literature, demonstrating the good capabilities of this setup.Peer reviewe