The Hereditary Approach to Time Dependent Modeling with Fractional Exponential Function

For polymer based composites, the creep and relaxation parameters are examined using the hereditary approach to time dependent mechanical behavior. Specifically, methods of optimization are utilized to determine the optimal parameter estimates for the fractional exponential functions. The relative advantages of the Rabatnov kernel over the Abel kernel have been examined. Finally, the results of this parameter estimation using the Rabatnov kernel (i.e. fractional exponential) are compared to results obtained from experimental data

Mosquitoes of Anopheles hyrcanus (Diptera, Culicidae) group: species diagnostic and phylogenetic relationships

Herein, we report the results of study of Anopheles species in Primorsk and Khabarovsk regions of Russia. Three species of the Anopheles hyrcanus group: An. kleini, An. pullus, and An. lesteri were identified by molecular taxonomic diagnostics for the first time in Russia. Surprisingly, An. sinensis, which earlier was considered the only species of Anopheles in Russian Far East, was not observed. We analyzed nucleotide variation in the 610-bp fragment of the 5' end of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region. All species possessed a distinctive set of COI sequences. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree was constructed for members of the hyrcanus group. The examined Anopheles hyrcanus group members could be divided into two major subgroups: subgroup 1 (An. hyrcanus and An. pullus) and subgroup 2 (An. sinensis, An. kleini, and An. lesteri), which were found to be monophyletic

Influence of the medical and social characteristics of patients on the assessment of the effectiveness of treatment

The article examines the influence of the characteristics of the medical and social characteristics of surgical patients on their assessment of the effectiveness of treatment in a hospital. The study was conducted on the basis of Mariinskaya City Hospital by random sampling by questioning 100 patients undergoing treatment at surgical departments. It has been established that patients with surgical pathology undergoing inpatient treatment represent a special social group that has conditions and lifestyle characteristics that have a positive impact on their evaluation of the treatment. Patients highly appreciate the effectiveness of treatment in surgical departments

PReS-FINAL-2041: Macrophage activation syndrome in the children with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis during the course of tocilizumab

Background Trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common among individuals with a mental disorder, but symptoms often go undetected and untreated. Methods The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of PTSD among a large sample of adults with psychiatric diagnoses and to establish factors associated with symptoms going undetected. Participants were 1,946 adults recruited by the National Centre for Mental Health. Structured interviews and validated self-report questionnaires were used to ascertain clinical and demographic information for analysis. Results The prevalence of participants screening positive for PTSD that had not been detected by clinical services was 13.9% [12.4–15.5%, 95% confidence interval]). Factors associated with undetected PTSD were female gender, younger age of first contact with psychiatric services, and lower household income. Especially, poor rates of detection were observed after traumatic events, such as child abuse and sexual assault. Conclusions Our findings demonstrate the need for routine assessment of trauma histories and symptoms of PTSD among individuals with anymental disorder

Effectiveness of beta-blockers in the treatment of idiopathic premature ventricular contractions in children

Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of beta-blockers (BB) in the treatment of idiopathic premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) in children.Material and methods. BBs were prescribed to 27 children with idiopathic PVCs. In 3 (11,1%) patients, side effects (hypotension, bronchial obstruction) was revealed at the beginning of therapy. A total of 24 children were included in the further study (15 boys (62,5%), 9 girls (37,5%). The mean age was 8,3±5,4 years. Data from anamnesis, electrocardiography (ECG), 24-hour ECG monitoring, and echocardiography were analyzed.Results. The 24-hour PVC rate was 33,2±17,7 thousand/day or 26,6±13,2%. In 14 (58,3%) children, we recorded paired PVCs, in 3 (12,5%) — multiform, in 10 (41,7%) — runs of non-sustained VT. There were complaints in 7 (29,2%) children. The follow-up period lasted 369,8±119,1 days. Propranolol was received by 17 (70,8%) patients, metoprolol — by 7 (29,2%). The therapy was effective in 11 (45,8%) patients, while ineffective in 13 (54,2%), among which 5 (20,8%) had an increase in the number of PVCs. The effectiveness of BBs was higher in children under the age of 1 year (p=0,043). Propranolol showed greater efficacy than metoprolol (p=0,047). Less efficiency was observed in female patients and those with pathological heart rate turbulence parameters (p=0,04).Conclusion. The effectiveness of BBs in children with idiopathic PVCs is 45,8%, higher in children aged <1 year and declines with age, decreasing in adolescents to 25%. The use of BBs is limited by non-cardiac side effects in 11,1% of children. Propranolol is more effective than metoprolol

Simultaneous Interpreting : Characteristic of Autonomic Provision of Extreme Cognitive Loads

Simultaneous interpreting is one of the most comprehensive and energy-consuming types of cognitive activity. To work successfully, a simultaneous interpreter must have a specific functional state. The aim of our study was to find out the basic mechanisms of this functional state, the effect of the simultaneous interpreting on cognitive function changes, and the main factors influencing the degree of the regulatory systems strain. Materials and Methods. 33 individuals participated in the study: 22 linguists specially trained in simultaneous translation composed the experimental group and 11 language-qualified people having no skills of simultaneous translation represented the control group. In compliance with the study design, the measurements were performed under the conditions similar to the real work of simultaneous interpreters: the participants working in succession performed professional tasks: shadowing in the native and foreign languages (German and English), simultaneous interpretation of the reports from the native language to the foreign, and vice versa. The interpreters were psychologically tested using ApWay.ru Web platform before and after the performance on the professional tasks: computer campimetry, test for a simple sensorimotor activity, Stroop test, and test for emotional disadaptation level. Cardiointervalogram was telemetrically recorded during the entire experiment. Results. Some specific aspects of autonomic provision of simultaneous interpreting have been unraveled. A significantly greater tension of the autonomic regulation is manifested by the simultaneous interpreters compared to the control group. It was most prominent when translation was done from the foreign language. The total level of stress during the performance on the linguistic tasks appeared to be higher in the control group. In the simultaneous interpreters, in contrast to the control group, there was registered a high activity level of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and a marked integration of the cardiac rhythm regulation circuits over the entire period of performing the linguistic tasks. The psychological tests have demonstrated a significantly more confident cognitive control relative to the control group. Thus, a specific functional system has been formed in the simultaneous interpreters providing a successful interaction of various information images (or codes) and consolidation of autonomic and cognitive resources during the performance on professional tasks. Lack of the necessary skills and, consequently, of the task-oriented functional system in the participants of the control group resulted in the enhancement of the non-specific (less effective) stress response.Peer reviewe

Optical properties of spinel based glass-ceramics of the Zno-Al2O3-Ga2O3-SiO2 system doped with Co2+ ions

Transparent glass-ceramics containing Co2+:Zn(Al,Ga)2O4 spinel nanocrystals with sizes of 6–11 nm were studied. Absorption band of the Co2+ ions in the material is shifted to longer wavelengths as compared with glass-ceramics with no Ga2O3 addition. Absorption saturation at 1.54 μm was observed and its characteristics (absorption recovery time, ground-state and excited-state absorption cross-sections) were measured. The developed glass-ceramics are promising as saturable absorbers for 1.6 μm erbium lasers

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome as an accident risk factor in professional drivers in Yekaterinburg. Dangerous Sleep (DS-1) study

About 20% of all road traffic accidents may be associated with falling asleep while driving. This may be caused by sleep disorders leading to daytime sleepiness, the most common of which is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Objective: to study somatic and mental health, sleep disorders, OSAS in particular, in the population of Russian drivers (Sverdlovsk Region). Patients and methods. The descriptive cohort «Dangerous Sleep» (DS-1) study of 20 professional drivers having more than 5-year driving experience was conducted at the Clinical Institute of the Brain. The mean age of the drivers was 45.8 years. They underwent somatic evaluation for cardiovascular risk factors and a psychological examination involving a risk readiness diagnostic procedure, the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, and an electroencephalographic examination. A somnological examination assumed testing using the Epworth sleepiness scale, polysomnography, or overnight pulse metry. Results and discussion. 30% of the drivers were found to have marked attention disorders and an inability to adapt to extreme conditions, which create a risk for professional duties. The predisposing factors were noted to be alcohol addiction, overweight, and OSAS, the rate of the latter proved to be higher than that in the general population of able-bodied men. It was shown that a somnological examination should be obligatorily performed while hiring professional drivers, particularly to long hauliers. The drivers having a long length of experience, in whom a periodic examination detects sleep disorders, should be treated for somatic diseases and should also have individual working schedules to rule out their long night-time driving