Effects of Simple Carbohydrate vs. Carbohydrate-Protein Intake on Glucose Homeostasis Following Intense Exercise

Kluka, J., Baskerville, J., Clifton, K., Fisher, K., Marks, D., Weidner, C., Veerabhadrappa, P. and Braun, W.A. (FACSM), Shippensburg University, Shippensburg, PA. Purpose: To test the effects of simple carbohydrate (CHO) and the combination of CHO and protein on blood glucose (BG) clearance following intense anaerobic exercise. Methods: Eight members (age = 18.8 ± 1.4 years) of the Shippensburg University Football team participated in the study. On separate test days, subjects were given either a placebo (PL) drink, a CHO drink (74 g CHO in 473 ml), or a carbohydrate-protein (C-PRO) drink (58 g CHO and 16 g PRO in 473 ml), upon completing the exercise bout. Before exercise, baseline measurements were taken for BG and heart rate. The subject then completed a 90-sec modified Wingate protocol (resistance set at 70% of the individual’s Wingate protocol resistance). BG was tested post-exercise, and every ten minutes after ingestion of the solution for 60 min. Results: Neither total revolutions completed (PL = 123.0±5.0; CHO = 126.9±3.9; C-PRO = 125.4±2.8) nor post-exercise BG (mg.dl-1) differed across treatments (PL = 88.6±6.5; CHO = 93.1±4.0; C-PRO = 101.1±4.7). However, CHO elicited the highest (p\u3c0.05) mean BG during recovery and the lowest BG was found in the PL. Conclusion: While matching post-exercise energy intake, C-PRO elicited a smaller BG area than CHO but tended to be larger than that of PL (p=0.052). C-PRO may be a better choice for post-exercise intake if aiming to maintain glucose homeostasis during recovery

Vacuumless kinks systems from vacuum ones, an example

Some years ago, Cho and Vilenkin, introduced a model which presents topological solutions, despite not having degenerate vacua as is usually expected. Here we present a new model with topological defects, connecting degenerate vacua but which in a certain limit recovers precisely the one proposed originally by Cho and Vilenkin. In other words, we found a kind of parent model for the so called vacuumless model. Then the idea is extended to a model recently introduced by Bazeia et al. Finally, we trace some comments the case of the Liouville model.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure

A nonstandard construction of direct limit group actions

Manevitz and Weinberger proved that the existence of faithful $K$-Lipschitz $\mathbb{Z}/n\mathbb{Z}$-actions implies the existence of faithful $K$-Lipschitz $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$-actions. The $\mathbb{Q}/\mathbb{Z}$-actions were constructed from suitable actions of a sufficiently large hyperfinite cyclic group ${}^{\ast}\mathbb{Z}/\gamma{}^{\ast}\mathbb{Z}$ in the sense of nonstandard analysis. In this paper, we modify their construction, and prove that the existence of $\varepsilon$-faithful $K$-Lipschitz $G_{\lambda}$-actions implies the existence of $\varepsilon$-faithful $K$-Lipschitz $\varinjlim G_{\lambda}$-actions. In a similar way, we generalise Manevitz and Weinberger's result to injective direct limits of torsion groups

Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinetochore protein (rDsn1p) induced apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells

Dsn1p is a member of the MIND complex that forms part of the yeast kinetochore, which is essential for the proper chromosomal segregation during cell division. Its functionality is gene dosage dependent and it has characteristics of haploinsufficiency. Bioinformatics alignments predicted the existence of nuclear homologues in higher eukaryotic organisms. Literature on the possibility of Dsn1p being a functional homologue of these organisms is scarce. In this study we employed recombinant DNA expression technology to explore whether Dsn1p can function in a mammalian cell line, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO). Expression of rDsn1p in CHO cells induced cytopathic effects including changes in cellular morphology and cell size. Inhibition of cell growth was observed at the beginning the fourth post-transfection week. The recombinant CHO cell culture showed cytotoxic effects following the accumulation of the Dsn1p, resulting in apoptotic cell death; as evidenced by the presence of nuclear fragmentation and surface blebbing in the dying cells. This suggests that rDsn1p may interact with the counterpart/ligand of the nuclear homologue of this protein in CHO cells, resulting in nuclear anomalies and inhibition of cell growth, as observed in our previous study using yeast cells

Meta-learning

In: Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, W. Dubitzky, O. Wolkenhauer, K-H Cho, H. Yokota (Eds.), Springer 2011Meta-learning methods are aimed at automatic discovery of interesting models of data. They belong to a branch of Machine Learning that tries to replace human experts involved in the Data Mining process of creating various computational models learning from data

The effect of carbohydrate dose and timing on timed effort and time to exhaustion within a simulated cycle race in male professional cyclists

A key performance limitation affecting professional endurance cycling is carbohydrate storage and utilisation (Pöchmüller, Schwingshack, Colombani & Hoffmann, 2016, Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 13). Muscle glycogen stores alone are inefficient at maintaining optimal blood glucose levels beyond two hours of exercise; consequently, exogenous CHO is commonly used to counteract this (Jeukendrup, 2011, Journal of Sports Sciences, 21, 91-99). High concentrations of CHO can cause drops in blood glucose, excessive glycogen utilisation and gastrointestinal discomfort (GID) (Jeukendrup, 2011). Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine if frequent, smaller CHO feedings would be preferable to large, bolus CHO feedings on time trial cycling performance. With institutional ethics approval, 5 professional cyclists completed a 4h simulated cycle ride with 3 timed efforts in a randomised, cross-over, double blind design study. Each timed effort occurred in the last 10 min of each hour (TE1, TE2, TE3); participants were asked to cycle with maximum effort for this time. There was also a final effort at the end of the 4th hour to replicate a sprint finish. This was measured as time to exhaustion (TTE). Two interventions were used; a frequent feed (F) where participants drank 20g maltodextrin in 300ml flavoured water solution 3 times per hour and a bolus feed (B) where participants drank 60g maltodextrin solution once per hour. Heart rate, power output, GID, perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate and blood glucose were recorded before and after TE1, TE2, TE3 and TTE. Wilcoxen signed rank test and Cohen’s D was performed to study differences between interventions and effect sizes.In the F intervention, average watts were significantly higher at TE2 (P<0.05 d=0.75) and TE3 (P<0.05 d=1.21) and the RPE was lower TE1 (P≥0.05 d=1.12), TE2 (P<0.05, d=1.12) and TTE (P≥0.05 d=1.12) compared to B. There was no significant difference between any other variables. The results suggest that despite power output being higher, RPE was lower in the F intervention. Gut absorption of CHO is limited to 1g/h (Jeukendrup, 2011), which may help explain these findings. This is one of the first studies to look at concentration and timing of CHO consumption in endurance cycling. Regular feeds of 20g CHO may be more beneficial on power output and RPE in endurance cycling compared to hourly 60g feeds

Piano Ensemble Recital, December 12, 1992

This is the concert program of the Piano Ensemble Recital on Saturday, December 12, 1992 at 9:30 a.m., at the Concert Hall, 855 Commonwealth Avenue. Works performed were Rondo: Allegro from Piano Concerto in E-flat major, K. 365 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, sonata in C major for Piano Four Hands, K. 521 by W. A. Mozart, Larghetto and Allegro in E-flat major by W. A. Mozart, Allegretto quasi andantino from Grand Rondeau, Op. 107 by Franz Schubert, 1. Vif from Scaramouche by Darius Milhaud, Souvenirs by Samuel Barber, and Suite No. 2 for Piano, Op. 17 by Sergey Rachmaninov. Digitization for Boston University Concert Programs was supported by the Boston University Humanities Library Endowed Fund