387 research outputs found
Concentration Dependence of the Effective Mass of He-3 Atoms in He-3/He-4 Mixtures
Recent measurements by Yorozu et al. (S. Yorozu, H. Fukuyama, and H.
Ishimoto, Phys. Rev. B 48, 9660 (1993)) as well as by Simons and Mueller (R.
Simons and R. M. Mueller, Czhechoslowak Journal of Physics Suppl. 46, 201
(1976)) have determined the effective mass of He-3 atoms in a He-3/He-4 mixture
with great accuracy. We here report theoretical calculations for the dependence
of that effective mass on the He-3 concentration. Using correlated basis
functions perturbation theory to infinite order to compute effective
interactions in the appropriate channels, we obtain good agreement between
theory and experiment.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur
Musiikinopettajien kÀsityksiÀ musiikillisesta improvisaatiosta ja sille suotuisasta sosiaalisesta oppimisympÀristöstÀ
TiivistelmÀ. TÀmÀn tutkielman tarkoitus on selvittÀÀ musiikinopettajien kÀsityksiÀ musiikillisesta improvisaatiosta ja musiikilliselle improvisaatiolle suotuisasta sosiaalisesta oppimisympÀristöstÀ sekÀ sen rakentamisesta. Tutkielman tavoitteena on lisÀtÀ musiikinopettajien tietoisuutta sosiaalisen oppimisympÀristön merkityksestÀ musiikillisen improvisaation kannalta.
Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessÀ avataan sosiaaliseen toimintaan vaikuttavia rakenteellisia tekijöitÀ: sosiaalisen kehityksen, sosiaalisen oppimisympÀristön ja ryhmÀn kehityksen sekÀ ryhmÀdynamiikan kÀsitteitÀ. LisÀksi esitellÀÀn Engeströmin toiminnan teoria, joka havainnollistaa ihmisen toiminnan kehittymisen prosessia. TÀssÀ tutkielmassa toiminnan teoria on sijoitettu musiikillisen improvisaation sosiaaliseen oppimisympÀristöön. Musiikillista improvisaatiota avataan luovuuden ja ryhmÀimprovisaation nÀkökulmista. Luovuuden nÀkökulmasta musiikillinen improvisaatio rinnastuu sÀveltÀmiseen. RyhmÀimprovisaation nÀkökulmassa korostuu opettajan rooli improvisaation ohjaajana.
TĂ€mĂ€ tutkimus on kvalitatiivinen eli laadullinen kuvaileva tutkimus. Tutkimuksen metodologisena lĂ€htökohtana on fenomenografinen tutkimus, jonka aineisto on kerĂ€tty teemahaastattelulla.âŻHaastateltavina oli neljĂ€ (N=4) musiikinopettajaa,âŻjotka kĂ€yttĂ€vĂ€t työssÀÀn musiikillista improvisaatiota ryhmĂ€kontekstissa, kaksi heistĂ€ oli lukion ja kaksi vapaan sivistystyön musiikinopettajia. Haastateltavia yhdisti musiikillisen improvisaation kĂ€yttö musiikinopetuksen työvĂ€lineenĂ€. Aineistoa on kĂ€sitelty sisĂ€llön analyysin metodein. Tutkimuskysymysten kannalta olennaiset vastaukset pelkistettiin ja edelleen luokiteltiin alaluokiksi, ylĂ€luokiksi ja lopuksi yhdistĂ€viksi luokiksi. YhdistĂ€vĂ€t luokat syntyivĂ€t prosessin aikana tehtyjen analyysien perusteella ja tulkittiin tutkielman tuloksiksi.
Tutkielman tuloksina selvisi, ettÀ osallistujien kÀsitysten mukaan musiikillinen improvisaatio toimintana voi olla konkreettista tekemistÀ tai työskentelyn tapa. Ajattelutapana improvisaatio on toimintaa ohjaava myös muualla arjessa. Musiikillisen improvisaation kannalta suotuisa oppimisympÀristö on turvallinen, salliva ja hyvÀksyvÀ. Opettajan pedagoginen toiminta ja didaktinen osaaminen ohjaavat opettajaa musiikillisen improvisaation kannalta suotuisan oppimisympÀristön rakentamisessa. Opettajan tasapuolisuus, positiivinen palaute ja työrauhasta huolehtiminen ovat olennaisia ilmapiirin sallivuuden ja turvallisuuden nÀkökulmasta. LisÀksi selvisi, ettÀ oppimisympÀristö rakentuu improvisoivan ryhmÀn jÀsenten vÀlisen vuorovaikutuksen ja kommunikaation kautta. TÀllÀ tutkielmalla toimme nÀkyvÀksi musiikillisessa ryhmÀimprovisaatiossa kommunikaation ja positiivisen vuorovaikutuksen erityisen suuren merkityksen
Single Particle and Fermi Liquid Properties of He-3/--He-4 Mixtures: A Microscopic Analysis
We calculate microscopically the properties of the dilute He-3 component in a
He-3/--He-4 mixture. These depend on both, the dominant interaction between the
impurity atom and the background, and the Fermi liquid contribution due to the
interaction between the constituents of the He-3 component. We first calculate
the dynamic structure function of a He-3 impurity atom moving in He-3. From
that we obtain the excitation spectrum and the momentum dependent effective
mass. The pole strength of this excitation mode is strongly reduced from the
free particle value in agreement with experiments; part of the strength is
distributed over high frequency excitations. Above k > 1.7^{-1}$ the
motion of the impurity is damped due to the decay into a roton and a low energy
impurity mode. Next we determine the Fermi--Liquid interaction between He-4
atoms and calculate the pressure-- and concentration dependence of the
effective mass, magnetic susceptibility, and the He-3--He-3 scattering phase
shifts. The calculations are based on a dynamic theory that uses, as input,
effective interactions provided by the Fermi hypernetted--chain theory. The
relationship between both theories is discussed. Our theoretical effective
masses agree well with recent measurements by Yorozu et al. (Phys. Rev. B 48,
9660 (1993)) as well as those by R. Simons and R. M. Mueller (Czekoslowak
Journal of Physics Suppl. 46, 201 (1996)), but our analysis suggests a new
extrapolation to the zero-concentration limit. With that effective mass we also
find a good agreement with the measured Landau parameter F_0^a.Comment: 47 pages, 15 figure
Dietary fat intake and quality in long-term care residents in two cohorts assessed 10 years apart
Purpose To describe and compare detailed dietary fat intake, fat quality and associative factors between two measuring points 10 years apart of residents living in long-term care facilities, and to reflect how fat composition and fat quality corresponds to current nutrition recommendations. Methods In 2007 long-term care residents (n = 374) of 25 assisted-living facilities and nursing homes and in 2017-18 long-term care residents (n = 486) of 17 respective facilities in Helsinki metropolitan area were recruited for this study. Information on the residents' heights, demographic information and use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation were retrieved from medical records. Residents' clinical assessment included Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and questionnaire related to nutrition care. Participants' energy and fat intake were determined from 1--2-day food diaries kept by the ward nurses, and fat quality indicators calculated. Results Age, gender distribution, MNA score or body mass index did not differ between the two cohorts. Residents' cognitive status, subjective health and mobility were poorer in 2017 compared to 2007. Total fat and saturated fatty acid (SFA) intakes were higher and fat quality indicators lower in the 2017 cohort residents than in the 2007 cohort residents. Sugar intake, male gender, eating independently, eating larger amounts and not having dry mouth predicted higher SFA intake in the 2017 cohort. Conclusions The fat quality in long-term care residents in our study worsened in spite of official recommendations between the two measurement points.Peer reviewe
Quantum Rotation of HCN and DCN in Helium-4
We present calculations of rotational absorption spectra of the molecules HCN
and DCN in superfluid helium-4, using a combination of the Diffusion Monte
Carlo method for ground state properties and an analytic many-body method
(Correlated Basis Function theory) for the excited states. Our results agree
with the experimentally determined effective moment of inertia which has been
obtained from the spectral transition. The correlated basis function
analysis shows that, unlike heavy rotors such as OCS, the J=2 and higher
rotational excitations of HCN and DCN have high enough energy to strongly
couple to rotons, leading to large shifts of the lines and accordingly to
anomalous large spectroscopic distortion constants, to the emergence of
roton-maxon bands, and to secondary peaks in the absorption spectra for J=2 and
J=3.Comment: accepted by Phys. Rev. B; changes: included referee suggestions,
removed typos, added 10 ref
Metabolic profiling of sourdough fermented wheat and rye bread
Sourdough fermentation by lactic acid bacteria is commonly used in bread baking, affecting several attributes of the final product. We analyzed whole-grain wheat and rye breads and doughs prepared with baker's yeast or a sourdough starter including Candida milleri, Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus plantarum using non-targeted metabolic profiling utilizing LC-QTOF-MS. The aim was to determine the fermentation-induced changes in metabolites potentially contributing to the health-promoting properties of whole-grain wheat and rye. Overall, we identified 118 compounds with significantly increased levels in sourdough, including branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and their metabolites, small peptides with high proportion of BCAAs, microbial metabolites of phenolic acids and several other potentially bioactive compounds. We also identified 69 compounds with significantly decreased levels, including phenolic acid precursors, nucleosides, and nucleobases. Intensive sourdough fermentation had a higher impact on the metabolite profile of whole-grain rye compared to milder whole-grain wheat sourdough fermentation. We hypothesize that the increased amount of BCAAs and potentially bioactive small peptides may contribute to the insulin response of rye bread, and in more general, the overall protective effect against T2DM and CVD.Peer reviewe
Scattering of He-3 Atoms from He-4 Surfaces
We develop a first principles, microscopic theory of impurity atom scattering
from inhomogeneous quantum liquids such as adsorbed films, slabs, or clusters
of He-4. The theory is built upon a quantitative, microscopic description of
the ground state of both the host liquid as well as the impurity atom. Dynamic
effects are treated by allowing all ground-state correlation functions to be
time-dependent.
Our description includes both the elastic and inelastic coupling of impurity
motion to the excitations of the host liquid. As a specific example, we study
the scattering of He-3 atoms from adsorbed He-4 films. We examine the
dependence of ``quantum reflection'' on the substrate, and the consequences of
impurity bound states, resonances, and background excitations for scattering
properties.
A thorough analysis of the theoretical approach and the physical
circumstances point towards the essential role played by inelastic processes
which determine almost exclusively the reflection probabilities. The coupling
to impurity resonances within the film leads to a visible dependence of the
reflection coefficient on the direction of the impinging particle.Comment: 36 pages, 16 figure
MYO9B polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis
"Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 30 region of myosin IXB (MYO9B) gene have recently been reported to associate with different inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We monitored for the association of MYO9B variants to multiple sclerosis (MS) in four Northern European populations. First, 18 SNPs including 6 SNPs with previous evidence for association to immune disorders, were tested in 730 Finnish MS families, but no linkage or family-based association was observed. To ensure the power to detect variants with a modest effect size, we further analyzed 10 variants in 899 Finnish cases and 1325 controls, and in a total of 1521 cases and 1476 controls from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, but found no association. Our results thereby do not support a major function of the tested MYO9B variants in MS. European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 840-843; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.251; published online 14 January 2009""Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 30 region of myosin IXB (MYO9B) gene have recently been reported to associate with different inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We monitored for the association of MYO9B variants to multiple sclerosis (MS) in four Northern European populations. First, 18 SNPs including 6 SNPs with previous evidence for association to immune disorders, were tested in 730 Finnish MS families, but no linkage or family-based association was observed. To ensure the power to detect variants with a modest effect size, we further analyzed 10 variants in 899 Finnish cases and 1325 controls, and in a total of 1521 cases and 1476 controls from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, but found no association. Our results thereby do not support a major function of the tested MYO9B variants in MS. European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 840-843; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.251; published online 14 January 2009""Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 30 region of myosin IXB (MYO9B) gene have recently been reported to associate with different inflammatory or autoimmune diseases. We monitored for the association of MYO9B variants to multiple sclerosis (MS) in four Northern European populations. First, 18 SNPs including 6 SNPs with previous evidence for association to immune disorders, were tested in 730 Finnish MS families, but no linkage or family-based association was observed. To ensure the power to detect variants with a modest effect size, we further analyzed 10 variants in 899 Finnish cases and 1325 controls, and in a total of 1521 cases and 1476 controls from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, but found no association. Our results thereby do not support a major function of the tested MYO9B variants in MS. European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 840-843; doi: 10.1038/ejhg.2008.251; published online 14 January 2009"Peer reviewe
Ulcerative colitis and irritable bowel patients exhibit distinct abnormalities of the gut microbiota
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Previous studies suggest a link between gut microbiota and the development of ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate any quantitative differences in faecal bacterial compositions in UC and IBS patients compared to healthy controls, and to identify individual bacterial species that contribute to these differences.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Faecal microbiota of 13 UC patients, 11 IBS patients and 22 healthy volunteers were analysed by PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) using universal and Bacteroides specific primers. The data obtained were normalized using in-house developed statistical method and interrogated by multivariate approaches. The differentiated bands were excised and identified by sequencing the V3 region of the 16S rRNA genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Band profiles revealed that number of predominant faecal bacteria were significantly different between UC, IBS and control group (p < 10<sup>-4</sup>). By assessing the mean band numbers in UC (37 ± 5) and IBS (39 ± 6), compared to the controls (45 ± 3), a significant decrease in bacterial species is suggested (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences between IBS and UC. Biodiversity of the bacterial species was significantly lower in UC (ÎŒ = 2.94, Ï = 0.29) and IBS patients (ÎŒ = 2.90, Ï = 0.38) than controls (ÎŒ = 3.25, Ï = 0.16; p = 0.01). Moreover, similarity indices revealed greater biological variability of predominant bacteria in UC and IBS compared to the controls (median Dice coefficients 76.1% (IQR 70.9 - 83.1), 73.8% (IQR 67.0 - 77.5) and 82.9% (IQR 79.1 - 86.7) respectively). DNA sequencing of discriminating bands suggest that the presence of <it>Bacteroides vulgatus, B. ovatus, B. uniformis</it>, and <it>Parabacteroides sp</it>. in healthy volunteers distinguishes them from IBS and UC patients. DGGE profiles of Bacteroides species revealed a decrease of Bacteroides community in UC relative to IBS and controls.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Molecular profiling of faecal bacteria revealed abnormalities of intestinal microbiota in UC and IBS patients, while different patterns of Bacteroides species loss in particular, were associated with UC and IBS.</p
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