Student attitudes to entrepreneurship

This study on Student Attitudes to Entrepreneurship investigates the image which university students have of entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. It is an initial exploratory/empirical study, which looks at the situation in Germany, Romania, Latvia, Italy and Austria. The study, based on questionnaires, shows that there are significant differences but also common features to the image of entrepreneurship and attitudes to it in the five countries. It is interesting to note that the students polled in connection with the study tended to have a neutral to positive/very positive image of entrepreneurs.attitude, attributes, entrepreneurs, entrepreneurship, opinion.

The role of compressional tectonics, sedimentary transport and mineral composition on AMS and AARM fabrics. A case study of the flysch from the Dukla nappe, OuterWestern Carpatians, Poland

The Carpathians belong to the European Alpine system. The Polish segment of the Western Outer Carpathians is a north-verging thrust-and-fold belt composed largely of Lower Cretaceous to Lower Miocene flysch. The belt comprises the Skole, Subsilesian, Silesian, Dukla and Magura rootless nappes. Anisotropy studies were carried out both in Oligocene turbidite sequences of the Dukla nappe and in the olistostrome of the Lipowica quarry. For the study 102 individually oriented cores were drilled at nine geographically distributed localities. At each locality mudstones/claystones were sampled, except Lipowica quarry, where silt and sandstone were also drilled. Because of the relatively low susceptibilities (1-3*10-4 SI), paramagnetic minerals can be important contributors to the AMS fabric. AMS and AARM measurements were carried out and the fabrics were compared. Despite of the weak AMS lineations, the mean lineation direction is well defined in all cases on site/locality level. With one exception where the lineation is perpendicular to the bedding plane (due to the presence of siderite), the AMS lineations can be interpreted as due to compressional tectonics. Concerning the AARM lineations they are highly scattered in the sandstone, show a tendency for alignment in the silt and some of the mudstone/claystone sites, and are well clustered in the other cases. The AARM lineations for four localities correlate to the AMS, and the local strike. The AARM lineation of the siderite bearing rock is also sub-parallel to the local strike. In the remaining cases the AARM linations are suspected to be related to sedimentary transport. Due to the lack of solemarks at most localities this will be investigated systematically with photo-statistical grain shape analysis in oriented thin sections. X-ray diffraction measurements also will be carried out to identify the paramagnetic contributors to the AMS. Acknowledgments: This work was partly financed by the Hungarian Research Fund (OTKA) project no. K105245 and from a joint project of the Academies of Science of Poland and Hungary

Fractured clasts in the Mt Currie Conglomerate at Kata Tjuta (Central Australia): evidence of Early Cambrian earthquakes?

Lower Cambrian Mt Currie conglomerate at Kata Tjuta bornhardts (Central Australia) bears numerous fractured clasts. Clast-cutting fractures are restricted to particular clasts, the matrix of the conglomerate is not fractured. The fractures are tectonic joints of two sets. The joints were formed due to either seismic or aseismic deformation. In the former case, the fractures may result from Early Paleozoic earthquakes

The comparison of anisotropy of magnetic remanence with the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of the Dukla nappe from the Outer Western Carpathians

The Carpathians belong to the European Alpine system, which was formed during the convergence and collision of the European and African plates. The Polish segment of the Western Outer Carpathians is a north-verging thrust-and-fold belt composed largely of Lower Cretaceous to lower Miocene flysch. The belt comprises five rootless nappes: Skole, Subsilesian, Silesian, Dukla and Magura nappes. This paper presents the results of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS), anisotropy of magnetic remanence (Anisotropy of Anhysteric Remanent Magnetization, AARM) and isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) studies performed both in Oligocene turbidite sequences in the frontal part of the Dukla nappe and in olistostrome complex of the Lipowica quarry, topping the Silesian nappe in front of the Dukla nappe. For the study 102 individually oriented cores were drilled at nine geographically distributed localities. At each locality claystones were sampled, except Lipowica quarry, where silt and sandstone were also drilled. The AMS measurements showed that, the magnetic fabrics were dominantly foliated, with a weak but in the most cases well defined lineations, which correlate to the local strikes. At four localities the AMS lineations are aligned with the general (NW-SE) tectonic trend of the unit. The samples from Lipowica quarry and three other localities exhibit different, but still horizontal AMS lineations. At locality 6, the AMS lineation is vertical. In this case the question was if this peculiarity is due to strong deformation or mineralogical reasons. Because of the relatively low susceptibilities (1-3*10-4 SI), paramagnetic minerals can be importantcontributors to the AMS fabric. In order to study the magnetic fabric of the ferromagnetic mineral, which, according to the IRM measurements, most probably magnetite, AARM measurements were carried out so far on the samples from three localities and compared with the AMS fabric. We observed that, the difference between the AMS and AARM lineations at locality 8 is small. At locality 6 the AARM fabric is “normal” and parallel to the main tectonic trend of the Dukla nappe, and so becomes the AMS fabric after thermal demagnetization at 460°C. We interpret these phenomena as related to the presence of siderite in the rock, which is a paramagnetic mineral, known for its ability of creating inverse fabric in sediments. Concerning locality 1, the directions of the AMS and AARM lineations are quite different in all three rock types studied, but none of them are aligned with the main tectonic trend of the Dukla nappe. The above results outline a really complicated picture of the deformation history of the Dukla nappe, where the documented or suspected presence of the olistoliths may explain the often occurring local anomalies. Further AARM measurements are planned in the near future in order to understand better the tectonics of the Dukla nappe

Late Miocene to present day structural development of the Polish segment of the Outer Carpathians

This paper presents a few pieces of evidence on neotectonic structural evolution of the Polish segment of the Outer Carpathians. During the Late Neogene, structural development was largely controlled by normal faulting and block uplift. However, there are also indications of compressional stress setting, at least during the Pliocene and particularly within the medial and eastern parts of the belt. In the Quaternary, in turn, structural development has been mainly controlled by compressional stress arrangement, with \sigma _{1} orientated roughly perpendicular to the belt. The Pliocene-Quaternary tectonic mobility of the Polish Outer Carpathians has been relatively weak and mostly of thin-skinned character. Normal faults were formed on the margins of intramontane basins and in the western part of the belt. Rates of uplift of individual structures were variable and the amount of uplift was the greatest in the Late Pliocene and Early Quaternary times. Geomorphologically-detected zones of uplift are relatively narrow and arranged subparallel or under small angle in respect to the strike of principal thrusts and frontal parts of large slices. Such an arrangement is interpreted as resulting from the steepening of frontal thrusts due to horizontal compression within the overthrust flysch nappes. This hypothesis is confirmed by the results of recent break-out and GPS studies, as well as by focal solutions of some Outer Carpathian earthquakes

Cooperation between science and business as source of development of polish economy

Modern economy increasingly depends on various forms of cooperation between enterprises, organisations of public or social nature1 as well as between enterprises and higher education institutions. The opening for business concerns both scientists, PhD researchers and students. The idea constitutes an attractive way of self-development for the people and for schools it creates new areas of market opportunities. Setting up new businesses on the basis of new scientific discoveries is an everyday phenomenon in the developed countries of the Western Europe. Thanks to so-called spin-off enterprises the profits are shared between the inventors and schools alike

Quaternary exhumation of the Carpathians: a record from the Orava-Nowy Targ intramontane basin, Western Carpathians, Polish Galicia and Slovakia

Quaternary exhumation of the Carpathians: a record from the Orava-Nowy Targ Intramontane Basin, Western Carpathians (Poland and Slovakia)The Neogene-Quaternary infill of the Orava-Nowy Targ Intramontane Basin comprises two tiers showing contrasting lithologies. The Neogene tier is largely composed of claystones and siltstones, whereas the Quaternary tier is dominated by gravels. The two sequences are separated by an erosional surface underlain by a regolith. Deposition of the Neogene sequence took place during subsidence of the basin. No prominent relief existed in the area of the present-day mountains actually surrounding the basin at that time. The regolith started to form at the onset of basin inversion. Still, no prominent relief existed in the present-day mountains. The onset of deposition of Quaternary gravels in the basin corresponds to acceleration of uplift of the surrounding mountains, which has been continuing until now. The Pieniny Klippen Belt has been subject to erosion, at least locally, from the deposition of the basal part of the Neogene sequence filling the Orava-Nowy Targ Basin until present times. In contrast, the Paleogene cover of the Tatra Mts was removed only during the Quaternary.</jats:p

Organic carbon content determination in soils: challenges and opportunities of elemental analysis versus thermogravimetry

Sustainable soil management needs reliable and accurate monitoring of soil organic carbon (SOC) content. However, despite of the development of analytical techniques during last decades, the detection opportunities for short term and rather small changes in SOC induced by organic fertilization, organic amendments or land use changes are still limited with the available methods. This study aims to quantify the theoretical detection opportunities for changes in SOC content with elemental analysis (EA) as the standard method in comparing with thermogravimetry (TG) as an enhanced traditional approach derived from soil organic matter determination via mass losses on ignition. The carried out experiments consist of mixing soil samples from non-fertilized plots of three long-term agricultural experiments in Bad Lauchstaedt, Großbeeren and Muencheberg (silty loam, loamy sand and silty sand) with straw, farmyard manure, sheep faeces and charcoal in four quantities (3 t×ha-1, 20 t×ha-1, 60 t×ha-1 and 180 t×ha‑1fresh matter) under laboratory conditions.The quantities were based on fresh matter application in agricultural practice accepting different amounts of added organic carbon. The results confirm EA as a method of higher reliability and accuracy for carbon content determination. TG allows to distinguish the different types of added amendments with high sensitivity. This was achieved by using newly developed evaluation algorithms for the thermal decay dynamics. We conclude from these results that TG cannot substitute EA to determine organic carbon on a routine base. However, TG could be a supplementary fingerprinting technique for the detection of added organic carbon to soils from organic fertilizers and to distinguish sources of geological or anthropogenic origin enabling a future assessment of soil organic carbon quality

An integrated paleomagnetic and magnetic anisotropy study of the Oligocene flysch from the Dukla nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland

The Dukla Nappe belongs to the Outer Western Carpathians, which suffered considerable shortening due to the convergence and collision of the European and African plates. In this paper we present new paleomagnetic and magnetic anisotropy results from the Polish part of the Dukla Nappe, based on 102 individually oriented cores from nine geographically distributed localities. Susceptibility measurements and mineralogy investigations showed that paramagnetic minerals are important contributors to susceptibility anisotropy (AMS). The AMS fabrics are related to deposition/compression (foliation) and weak tectonic deformation (lineation). The AARM fabric, that of the ferrimagnetic minerals, seems to be a less sensitive indicator of tectonic deformation than the AMS fabric. The inclination-only test points to the pre-folding age of the remanent magnetizations. Seven localities exhibit CCW rotation, a single one shows CW rotation. The CCW rotated paleomagnetic directions form two groups, one showing large, the other moderate CCW rotation. Previously published paleomagentic directions from the Slovak part of the same nappe exhibit smeared distribution between them. The declination of the overall-mean paleomagnetic direction for the Dukla nappe is similar to those observed in the neighbouring Magura and Silesian nappes, but it is of poorer quality. The AMS lineations at several localities are deviating more to the west from the present north than that of the local tectonic strikes. A possible explanation for this is that the AMS lineations were imprinted first, probably still in the Oligocene, while the sediments were soft (ductile deformation) and the folding and tilting took place during the CCW rotation. © 2016 Geologica Carpathica