450 research outputs found
Poly(bromoethyl acrylate): A Reactive Precursor for the Synthesis of Functional RAFT Materials
Comparison of whole genome expression profile between preterm and full-term newborns
Objectives: Evaluate the time dependent expression of genes in preterm neonates and verify the influence of ontogenic maturation and the environmental factors on the gene expression after birth. Material and methods: The study was carried out on 20 full-term newborns and 62 preterm newborns (mean birth weight = 1002 [g] (SD: 247), mean gestational age = 27.2 weeks (SD: 1.9)). Blood samples were drawn from all the study participants at birth and at the 36th week postmenstrual age from the preterm group to assess whole genome expression in umbilical cord blood and in peripheral blood leukocytes, respectively. (SurePrint G3 Human Gene Expression v3, 8x60K Microarrays (Agilent)).
Results: A substantial number of genes was found to be expressed differentially at the time of birth and at 36 PMA in comparison to the term babies with more genes being down-regulated than up-regulated. However, the fold change in the majority of cases was < 2.0. Extremely preterm and very preterm infants were characterized by significantly down-regulated cytokine and chemokine related pathways. The number of down-regulated genes decreased and number of up-regulated genes increased at 36 PMA vs. cord blood. There were no specific gene expression pathway profiles found within the groups of different gestational ages.
Conclusions: Preterm delivery is associated with a different gene expression profile in comparison to term delivery. The gene expression profile changes with the maturity of a newborn measured by the gestational age
Production of deuterium, tritium, and He in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV at the CERN SPS
Production of , , and He nuclei in central Pb+Pb interactions was
studied at five collision energies ( 6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and
17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS. Transverse momentum spectra,
rapidity distributions, and particle ratios were measured. Yields are compared
to predictions of statistical models. Phase-space distributions of light nuclei
are discussed and compared to those of protons in the context of a coalescence
approach. The coalescence parameters and , as well as coalescence
radii for and He were determined as a function of transverse mass at
all energies.Comment: 22 pages, 29 figures, 8 tables, for submission to Phys. Rev.
Phase-space dependence of particle-ratio fluctuations in Pb+Pb collisions from 20A to 158A GeV beam energy
A novel approach, the identity method, was used for particle identification
and the study of fluctuations of particle yield ratios in Pb+Pb collisions at
the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). This procedure allows to unfold the
moments of the unknown multiplicity distributions of protons (p), kaons (K),
pions () and electrons (e). Using these moments the excitation function of
the fluctuation measure [A,B] was measured, with A and
B denoting different particle types. The obtained energy dependence of
agrees with previously published NA49 results on the related
measure . Moreover, was found to depend
on the phase space coverage for [K,p] and [K,] pairs. This feature most
likely explains the reported differences between measurements of NA49 and those
of STAR in central Au+Au collisions
Measurement of event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations using strongly intensive measures and in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
Results from the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS are presented on
event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations of charged
particles, produced at forward rapidities in central Pb+Pb interactions at beam
momenta 20, 30, 40, 80, and 158 GeV/c, as well as in systems of
different size (, C+C, Si+Si, and Pb+Pb) at 158 GeV/c. This publication
extends the previous NA49 measurements of the strongly intensive measure
by a study of the recently proposed strongly intensive measures of
fluctuations and . In the explored kinematic
region transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations show no significant
energy dependence in the SPS energy range. However, a remarkable system size
dependence is observed for both and , with the
largest values measured in peripheral Pb+Pb interactions. The results are
compared with NA61/SHINE measurements in collisions, as well as with
predictions of the UrQMD and EPOS models.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, to be submitted to PR
Antideuteron and deuteron production in mid-central Pb+Pb collisions at 158 GeV
Production of deuterons and antideuterons was studied by the NA49 experiment
in the 23.5% most central Pb+Pb collisions at the top SPS energy of
=17.3 GeV. Invariant yields for and were measured
as a function of centrality in the center-of-mass rapidity range .
Results for together with previously published
measurements are discussed in the context of the coalescence model. The
coalescence parameters were deduced as a function of transverse momentum
and collision centrality.Comment: 9 figure
Pion emission from the T2K replica target: method, results and application
The T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment in Japan needs precise
predictions of the initial neutrino flux. The highest precision can be reached
based on detailed measurements of hadron emission from the same target as used
by T2K exposed to a proton beam of the same kinetic energy of 30 GeV. The
corresponding data were recorded in 2007-2010 by the NA61/SHINE experiment at
the CERN SPS using a replica of the T2K graphite target. In this paper details
of the experiment, data taking, data analysis method and results from the 2007
pilot run are presented. Furthermore, the application of the NA61/SHINE
measurements to the predictions of the T2K initial neutrino flux is described
and discussed.Comment: updated version as published by NIM
Multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations in inelastic proton-proton interactions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
Measurements of multiplicity and transverse momentum fluctuations of charged
particles were performed in inelastic p+p interactions at 20, 31, 40, 80 and
158 GeV/c beam momentum. Results for the scaled variance of the multiplicity
distribution and for three strongly intensive measures of multiplicity and
transverse momentum fluctuations \$\Delta[P_{T},N]\$, \$\Sigma[P_{T},N]\$ and
\$\Phi_{p_T}\$ are presented. For the first time the results on fluctuations
are fully corrected for experimental biases. The results on multiplicity and
transverse momentum fluctuations significantly deviate from expectations for
the independent particle production. They also depend on charges of selected
hadrons. The string-resonance Monte Carlo models EPOS and UrQMD do not describe
the data. The scaled variance of multiplicity fluctuations is significantly
higher in inelastic p+p interactions than in central Pb+Pb collisions measured
by NA49 at the same energy per nucleon. This is in qualitative disagreement
with the predictions of the Wounded Nucleon Model. Within the statistical
framework the enhanced multiplicity fluctuations in inelastic p+p interactions
can be interpreted as due to event-by-event fluctuations of the fireball energy
and/or volume.Comment: 18 pages, 12 figure
Centrality dependence of proton and antiproton spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV and 158A GeV measured at the CERN SPS
The yields of (anti-)protons were measured by the NA49 Collaboration in
centrality selected Pb+Pb collisions at 40A GeV and 158A GeV. Particle
identification was obtained in the laboratory momentum range from 5 to 63 GeV/c
by the measurement of the energy loss dE/dx in the TPC detector gas. The
corresponding rapidity coverage extends 1.6 units from mid-rapidity into the
forward hemisphere. Transverse mass spectra, the rapidity dependences of the
average transverse mass, and rapidity density distributions were studied as a
function of collision centrality. The values of the average transverse mass as
well as the midrapidity yields of protons when normalized to the number of
wounded nucleons show only modest centrality dependences. In contrast, the
shape of the rapidity distribution changes significantly with collision
centrality, especially at 40A GeV. The experimental results are compared to
calculations of the HSD and UrQMD transport models.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figures, submitted to PR
Energy dependence of kaon-to-proton ratio fluctuations in central Pb+Pb collisions from = 6.3 to 17.3 GeV
Kaons and protons carry large parts of two conserved quantities, strangeness
and baryon number. It is argued that their correlation and thus also
fluctuations are sensitive to conditions prevailing at the anticipated
parton-hadron phase boundary. Fluctuations of the and
ratios have been measured for the first time by NA49 in central Pb+Pb
collisions at 5 SPS energies between = 6.3 GeV and 17.3 GeV.
Both ratios exhibit a change of sign in , a measure of
non-statistical fluctuations, around = 8 GeV. Below this
energy, is positive, indicating higher fluctuation
compared to a mixed event background sample, while for higher energies,
is negative, indicating correlated emission of kaons
and protons. The results are compared to UrQMD calculations which which give a
good description at the higher SPS energies, but fail to reproduce the
transition to positive values.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
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